US3144649A - Direction finder or omnirange beacon with wide-aperture antenna system - Google Patents

Direction finder or omnirange beacon with wide-aperture antenna system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3144649A
US3144649A US823196A US82319659A US3144649A US 3144649 A US3144649 A US 3144649A US 823196 A US823196 A US 823196A US 82319659 A US82319659 A US 82319659A US 3144649 A US3144649 A US 3144649A
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United States
Prior art keywords
antenna
array
antennas
transducer
wide
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Expired - Lifetime
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US823196A
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English (en)
Inventor
Steiner Fritz
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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Priority claimed from DEST14826A external-priority patent/DE1121663B/de
Application filed by International Standard Electric Corp filed Critical International Standard Electric Corp
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Publication of US3144649A publication Critical patent/US3144649A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H01Q3/242—Circumferential scanning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • G01S1/08—Systems for determining direction or position line
    • G01S1/38—Systems for determining direction or position line using comparison of [1] the phase of the envelope of the change of frequency, due to Doppler effect, of the signal transmitted by an antenna moving, or appearing to move, in a cyclic path with [2] the phase of a reference signal, the frequency of this reference signal being synchronised with that of the cyclic movement, or apparent cyclic movement, of the antenna
    • G01S1/40—Systems for determining direction or position line using comparison of [1] the phase of the envelope of the change of frequency, due to Doppler effect, of the signal transmitted by an antenna moving, or appearing to move, in a cyclic path with [2] the phase of a reference signal, the frequency of this reference signal being synchronised with that of the cyclic movement, or apparent cyclic movement, of the antenna the apparent movement of the antenna being produced by cyclic sequential energisation of fixed antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna system and more particularly to a wide apertured antenna system used as a direction finder or as an omnirange beacon.
  • One problem, frequently arising with direction finders or omnirange beacons relates to the removal of bearing errors which are due to disturbances in propagation, such as multipath propagation. As is well known, this is accomplished by using a so-called wide-aperture antenna system in which the direction-finding accuracy, by taking the mean in a disturbed interference field of the radio waves, is increased.
  • the interference field of the radio waves are periodically scanned within a range which is large with respect to the operating wave-length.
  • a directional pattern such as a cardioid (limacon pattern), which is aligned in a radial direction with respect to the center of rotation of said antenna elements, then rotates round a point lying several wavelengths away from the origin of the cardioid.
  • a site or space diversity there is created what is called a site or space diversity, so that a mean value of the bearing can be formed within the distorted interference field of the radio waves produced by the multi-path propagation.
  • a phase modulation of the wave is produced. It should be remembered that this phase modulation is to be neglected in the case of a slow rotation.
  • the rotating diagram will result in an envelope of a sinusoidal alternating-current voltage from which the bearing information can be obtained in the conventional manner by means of a phase comparison with a fixed-phase reference signal.
  • a kind of site or space diversity is created.
  • the system as described herein may be used to improve the conventional VOR-beacon system by merely altering the antenna system of the transmitter in accordance with the principles of the invention.
  • an omnirange beacon having all the advantages of a wide-aperture antenna system, and the added advantage that erection site of the system can be chosen independently of the respective terrain.
  • the erection site has to be selected very carefully in order to avoid a multipath propagation of the waves, which can result in the aircraft being provided with faulty bearing information.
  • the same principle may be applied in the same way to amplitude direction finders using smallaperture antenna systems. Thus, a much more exact evaluation of the bearing information is achieved by using the wide-aperture system.
  • FIG. 1 shows a wide aperture antenna utilizing a single circular arrangement of antenna means
  • FIG. 2 shows a wide aperture antenna system utilizing two concenrtic circular arrangements of antenna means.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an antenna arrangement for producing a rotating cardioid pattern (limacon pattern) with one single circular arrangement of antennas which can be obtained with the use of a retardation element L (which is a cable section of the length V4), rotating together with the switch.
  • a retardation element L which is a cable section of the length V4
  • One antenna then effectively becomes a radiator and the following one a reflector.
  • One end of the cable length L which rotates together with the switch is connected to the input of a transducer.
  • a switch there may be used the already proposed capacitively coupled switch, as described in my copending application Ser. No.
  • the bearing information is modulated to a subcarrier whose frequency is substantially higher than the highest frequency of the speech band to be transmitted.
  • the problem of providing unobjectionable speech transmission can also be solved by connecting two antennas to each other by means of a rotating length of cable.
  • the connecting point of the receiver which could be the two ends of the cable length or the foot points of the antennas S, FIG. 1, is then switched over with a substantially higher frequency than corresponds to the rotation frequency of the directional diagram.
  • the bearing information will appear as a carricrless modulation of the switching frequency and may be separated and evaluated in the conventional manner.
  • the reference S is a mechanically or capacitively coupled switch by which either one of a pair of adjacent antenna elements (e.g. i or 2) is directly coupled to the transducer.
  • one position of the movable arm of the switch is symbolized by a dotted arrow and the other by a solid arrow.
  • the result is that the position of the cardioid pattern formed by combining antenna elements 1 and 2 by means of a delay line L positioned between contacts and a and b of switch rotor, is reversed from the position shown in FIGURE 1 by a solid line to the position shown by a dotted line.
  • FIGURE 2 Another embodiment to create a cardioid pattern is shown in FIGURE 2 wherein antenna elements 8 and 9 are positioned on concentric circles 10 and 11 respectively at a predetermined radial spacing so that by combining active antenna element 12 and passive antenna element 13 radially positioned with respect to one another (14 and 15 and so on), a cardioid pattern is created by each two elements 12 and 13, etc., positioned with respect to the circles 10 and 11 as shown in FIGURE 2, said cardioid pattern revolving on a circle around the array.
  • This problem may also be carried out in the case of a rotating antenna where two reflectors are rotating on both sides of the antenna. These antennas are alternatingly switched with a switching frequency lying above the speech frequency.
  • the bearing information will then exist as carrierless modulation of the switching frequency at the output of the receiver, and two very different frequencies, such as 25 c.p.s. and 5000 c.p.s. may easily be separated by means of filters.
  • a directional radiant acting circuit in a form of a circular array of antenna means comprising a transducer, and means for cyclically coupling adjacent antenna means of said array to said transducer to provide an effective rotation in which said antenna means comprise directive antenna units each having a directive radiation pattern and means connected to said coupling means for sequentially controlling the radiation of said antenna unit so that the radiation pattern of each unit moving along the circumference of a circle and the center of said circle coincide with the center of said circular array, said antenna means comprising antenna elements producing a substantially cardioidal pattern, the separation of any two adjacent antenna elements being equal to M4 where )t is equal to the wavelength at the operating frequency, and means to alternately couple said transducer from one of said adjacent antennas to the other to effectuate reversal of the cardioid pattern before the next two adjacent antennas are coupled.
  • a directional radiant acting circuit in a form of a circular array of antenna means comprising a transducer, and means for cyclically coupling adjacent antenna means of said array to said transducer to provide an elfective rotation in which said antenna means comprise directive antenna units each having a directive radiation pattern and means connected to said coupling means for sequentially controlling the radiation of said antenna unit so that the radiation pattern of each unit moving along the circumference of a circle and the center of said circle coincide with the center of said circular array, said antenna means comprising two adjacent antennas, and said coupling means comprising means for effectively coupling two adjacent antennas whereby a cardioidal pattern is produced, and means to alternately couple said transducer from one of said adjacent antennas to the other to effectuate reversal of the cardioid pattern before the next two adjacent antennas are coupled.
  • a directional radiant acting circuit in a form of a circular array of antenna means comprising a transducer, and means for cyclically coupling adjacent antenna means of said array to said transducer to provide an effective rotation in which said antenna means comprise directive antenna units each having a directive radiation pattern and means connected to said coupling means for sequentially controlling the radiation of said antenna unit so that the radiation pattern of each unit moving along the circumference of a circle and the center of said circle coincide with the center of said circular array, said antenna means comprising two adjacent antennas, and the means for cyclically coupling the antennas to said transducer operates in a predetermined direction of rotation, and further including means for connecting each antenna to its adjacent antenna in said predetermined direction of rotation, and means to alternately couple said transducer from one of said adjacent antennas to the other to effectuate reversal of the cardioid pattern before the next two adjacent antennas are coupled.
  • a directional radiant acting circuit in a form of a circular array of antenna means comprising a transducer, and means for cyclically coupling adjacent antenna means of said array to said transducer to provide an effective rotation in which said antenna means comprise directive antenna units each having a directive radiation pattern and means connected to said coupling means for se quentially controlling the radiation of said antenna unit so that the radiation pattern of each unit moving along the circumference of a circle and the center of said circle coincide with the center of said circular array, said antenna means comprising an inner and outer circular array of antennas, the number of said antennas of said outer array being equal to the number of antennas in said inner array, and said inner array of antennas being positioned to act as a reflector to the nearest antennas of said outer array to produce a directional radiation pattern.
  • a directional radiant acting circuit as in claim 3, wherein said means for connecting each antenna to its adajcent antenna comprises a conductor having an electrical length equal to the spacing between adjacent antennas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
US823196A 1958-07-16 1959-06-26 Direction finder or omnirange beacon with wide-aperture antenna system Expired - Lifetime US3144649A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEST014009 1958-07-16
DEST14826A DE1121663B (de) 1959-02-28 1959-02-28 Doppler-Grossbasis-Funknavigationsanlage
DEST14948A DE1123000B (de) 1958-07-16 1959-03-28 Anordnung zur drahtlosen Richtungsbestimmung auf Grund des Dopplereffektes
DEST22088A DE1207978B (de) 1958-07-16 1964-05-06 Doppler-Drehfunkfeuersystem

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3144649A true US3144649A (en) 1964-08-11

Family

ID=43085793

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US823196A Expired - Lifetime US3144649A (en) 1958-07-16 1959-06-26 Direction finder or omnirange beacon with wide-aperture antenna system
US10695A Expired - Lifetime US3115633A (en) 1958-07-16 1960-02-24 Omnidirectional radio bearing system
US13931A Expired - Lifetime US3181159A (en) 1958-07-16 1960-03-09 Omnidirectional bearing system
US257949A Expired - Lifetime US3226718A (en) 1958-07-16 1963-02-12 Dual sideband radio beacon

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10695A Expired - Lifetime US3115633A (en) 1958-07-16 1960-02-24 Omnidirectional radio bearing system
US13931A Expired - Lifetime US3181159A (en) 1958-07-16 1960-03-09 Omnidirectional bearing system
US257949A Expired - Lifetime US3226718A (en) 1958-07-16 1963-02-12 Dual sideband radio beacon

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (4) US3144649A (fr)
BE (4) BE580710A (fr)
CH (2) CH378380A (fr)
DE (2) DE1123000B (fr)
FR (8) FR1231952A (fr)
GB (7) GB908837A (fr)
NL (1) NL289191A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2135737A1 (de) * 1970-07-17 1972-01-20 Thomson Csf Funknavigationsstation
FR2204810A1 (fr) * 1972-10-26 1974-05-24 Int Standard Electric Corp

Families Citing this family (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3248733A (en) * 1959-02-28 1966-04-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Radio beacon
DE1276141B (de) * 1959-02-28 1968-08-29 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag Doppler-Grossbasis-Funknavigationsanlage
US3691560A (en) * 1961-02-02 1972-09-12 Calvin M Hammack Method and apparatus for geometrical determination
BE633022A (fr) * 1962-05-30
NL295108A (fr) * 1962-07-09
GB1024242A (en) * 1962-11-29 1966-03-30 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Radio navigation system
FR1605519A (fr) * 1963-05-21 1978-06-19
US3262117A (en) * 1963-10-14 1966-07-19 Collins Radio Co Digital omnirange system of higher accuracy than existing omnirange systems
US3277482A (en) * 1963-12-16 1966-10-04 Acf Ind Inc Navigation or position locating system transmitting carrier and side band waves separately from spaced radiators
US3412405A (en) * 1964-09-14 1968-11-19 Motorola Inc Side lobe response reducing system
FR2108146B1 (fr) * 1970-07-17 1977-11-10 Thomson Csf
GB1317310A (en) * 1970-12-29 1973-05-16 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Radio navigation beacon
US3778831A (en) * 1971-04-07 1973-12-11 N Marchand Compatible double precision doppler omnidirectional bearing system
US4019184A (en) * 1974-02-20 1977-04-19 Office National D'etudes Et De Recherches Aerospatiales (O.N.E.R.A.) Direction-finding method and system
FR2269086B1 (fr) * 1974-04-26 1980-01-04 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale)
GB1499327A (en) * 1974-07-30 1978-02-01 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Radio navigation beacon
FR2357911A1 (fr) * 1976-07-09 1978-02-03 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Balise de radio-navigation aerienne
CA1159933A (fr) * 1979-09-12 1984-01-03 Bayly Engineering Limited Reseau d'antennes directionnel et multiplexeur en anneau pour radiogoniometre
US4281809A (en) * 1979-12-13 1981-08-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method of precision bombing
FR2476853A1 (fr) * 1980-02-26 1981-08-28 Thomson Csf Dispositif de controle d'un systeme de radionavigation du type vor doppler et systeme vor doppler le comprenant
DE3108980C2 (de) * 1981-03-10 1983-09-08 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Doppler-Drehfunkfeuer mit einer Überwachungseinrichtung
DE3310649A1 (de) * 1983-03-24 1984-09-27 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Einkanalpeiler
EP2287626B1 (fr) * 2006-06-13 2013-05-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Dispositif de correction des erreurs de phase, en particulier pour réseau d'antennes Doppler-VOR
US8774837B2 (en) 2011-04-30 2014-07-08 John Anthony Wright Methods, systems and apparatuses of emergency vehicle locating and the disruption thereof
CN118112614A (zh) * 2024-02-28 2024-05-31 广州晶维天腾微电子技术有限公司 一种参考通道的可自适应切换方法、装置及系统

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2411518A (en) * 1942-05-27 1946-11-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Electromagnetic wave transmission system
US2444425A (en) * 1943-08-09 1948-07-06 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Antenna array
US2502131A (en) * 1947-03-20 1950-03-28 Int Standard Electric Corp Radio direction finder
US2962715A (en) * 1955-11-23 1960-11-29 Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co Radio direction finding systems

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2188649A (en) * 1936-03-09 1940-01-30 Rca Corp Antenna
DE696987C (de) * 1936-08-18 1940-10-03 Lorenz Akt Ges C Drehbare Antennenanlage
US2367372A (en) * 1941-01-04 1945-01-16 Rca Corp Radio directional indication system
US2481509A (en) * 1945-09-05 1949-09-13 Paul G Hansel Directional system
US2985876A (en) * 1957-01-23 1961-05-23 Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co Aerial systems

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2411518A (en) * 1942-05-27 1946-11-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Electromagnetic wave transmission system
US2444425A (en) * 1943-08-09 1948-07-06 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Antenna array
US2502131A (en) * 1947-03-20 1950-03-28 Int Standard Electric Corp Radio direction finder
US2962715A (en) * 1955-11-23 1960-11-29 Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co Radio direction finding systems

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2135737A1 (de) * 1970-07-17 1972-01-20 Thomson Csf Funknavigationsstation
FR2204810A1 (fr) * 1972-10-26 1974-05-24 Int Standard Electric Corp

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR83860E (fr) 1964-10-31
CH389041A (de) 1965-03-15
GB1007180A (en) 1965-10-13
GB908837A (en) 1962-10-24
BE635150A (fr) 1964-01-20
DE1207978B (de) 1965-12-30
FR83803E (fr) 1964-10-23
US3226718A (en) 1965-12-28
GB899951A (en) 1962-06-27
US3181159A (en) 1965-04-27
FR84167E (fr) 1964-12-04
FR1231952A (fr) 1960-10-04
FR89223E (fr) 1967-05-26
NL289191A (fr) 1965-03-25
BE627007A (fr) 1963-07-11
US3115633A (en) 1963-12-24
BE628603A (fr) 1963-08-19
GB1015592A (en) 1966-01-05
GB1088384A (en) 1967-10-25
BE580710A (fr) 1960-01-15
GB1041777A (en) 1966-09-07
FR77655E (fr) 1962-04-06
FR77463E (fr) 1962-03-09
CH378380A (de) 1964-06-15
DE1123000B (de) 1962-02-01
GB940508A (en) 1963-10-30
FR85930E (fr) 1965-11-05

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