US3139093A - Artificial hairpiece - Google Patents

Artificial hairpiece Download PDF

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Publication number
US3139093A
US3139093A US308598A US30859863A US3139093A US 3139093 A US3139093 A US 3139093A US 308598 A US308598 A US 308598A US 30859863 A US30859863 A US 30859863A US 3139093 A US3139093 A US 3139093A
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United States
Prior art keywords
knit
filaments
wig
head
cover
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US308598A
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English (en)
Inventor
Frishman Daniel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Reid Meredith Inc
Original Assignee
Reid Meredith Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Reid Meredith Inc filed Critical Reid Meredith Inc
Priority to US308598A priority Critical patent/US3139093A/en
Priority to US356997A priority patent/US3199516A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3139093A publication Critical patent/US3139093A/en
Priority to GB37028/64A priority patent/GB1084861A/en
Priority to NO154723A priority patent/NO122887B/no
Priority to SE10958/64A priority patent/SE325093B/xx
Priority to LU46938D priority patent/LU46938A1/xx
Priority to BE653042D priority patent/BE653042A/xx
Priority to US462827A priority patent/US3280594A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41G—ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS; WIGS; MASKS; FEATHERS
    • A41G3/00—Wigs
    • A41G3/0083—Filaments for making wigs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D5/00—Fur garments; Garments of fur substitutes
    • A41D5/003—Garments of fur substitutes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41G—ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS; WIGS; MASKS; FEATHERS
    • A41G3/00—Wigs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/02—Pile fabrics or articles having similar surface features
    • D04B1/025—Pile fabrics or articles having similar surface features incorporating loose fibres, e.g. high-pile fabrics or artificial fur
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B9/00—Circular knitting machines with independently-movable needles
    • D04B9/14—Circular knitting machines with independently-movable needles with provision for incorporating loose fibres, e.g. in high-pile fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2503/00—Domestic or personal
    • D10B2503/08—Wigs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a long haired pile fabric, process and apparatus for manufacturing the same, and articles made therefrom, and is a continuation-in-part application of my pending application, Serial No. 234,587, filed October 30, 1962 (now abandoned), and relates in one embodiment to wigs to be donned by females as a hairdress as distinguished from a hat or other external ornamental or covering device worn by the human being.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an article of manufacture of the above type which may be economically constructed and which will have all of the appearances and hair characteristics of the more expensive handmade articles and those made of natural hair.
  • a wig constructed in accordance with the present invention may be made of either natural hair strands or synthetic monofilaments, such as for example Dynel.
  • the wig, constructed in accordance with the present invention is shaped to conform to the contour of the human head and to be retained thereon without creeping, sliding or in any other manner being accidentally displaced thereon or dislodged therefrom.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a wig, the hair of which is manageable and stylable so that the wearer thereof may readily change hair styles, the previous hair style of which may be removed by simply combing the wig in the case of Dynel strands.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a relatively simple and economical process whereby a hairpiece may be knit, formed, and styled requiring a minimum of human attention per unit of manufacture.
  • the process entails dolfing the hair or synthetic monofilament into a circular knitting machine at the time of knitting the base cap or fabric of the wig to thereby lock or restrain the filaments against sliding or accidental loss from their interlocked relationship with the cap structure of the wig during use of the wig by the wearer.
  • a sliver is prepared from a tow which consists of several thousand filament ends which have been previously dyed and the cut ends have been blended or introduced without blending to a converter which issues forth the sliver.
  • the sliver is then fed to the carding mechanism of a Wildman Jacquard or similar type machine, which card mechanism has been modified to accommodate the greater than five inch length of Dynel ends of the sliver and to present the Dynel ends to the needles of the knitting machine whereby they are dotfed from the card roll onto the needles in advance of the introduction of the knit yarn ends to the knitting needles.
  • the filament ends are fed to the needles in such a manner that at the time of knitting they are not wound or twisted with one another. In order to carry out these steps of the method, mechanical modification was required to the carding mechanism of the Wildman Jacquard machine.
  • the method further is an advance over the prior art in that the tubular fabric knit is then opened and cut into lengths having a relatively smooth back and a long hairy face.
  • the thus knit fabric is then shaped or formed to accommodate its being received over and retained upon the head of a human being.
  • the wig after forming may then be styled.
  • FIGURE 1 is a photograph of a styled wig constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a photographic view similar to FIGURE 1 of a modified form of hair style of the same basic wig of FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURE 3 is a photograph of a wig constructed in accordance with the present invention with the cap portion thereof inverted.
  • FIGURE 4 is a photographic view similar to FIGURE 3 of a modified form of cap portion.
  • FIGURE 5 is a photograph of a wig constructed in accordance with the present invention during the taping step of the wig forming process.
  • FIGURE 6 is a magnified photograph of the knit structure and method of locking the hair-like filaments to the basic wig cap structure.
  • FIGURE 7 is a magnified photograph taken from the reverse side of FIGURE 6.
  • FIGURE 8 is a perspective view of a Wildman Jacquard circular knitting machine modified in accordance with the present invention for knitting wigs.
  • FIGURES 1 through 4 The Process and apparatus of the present invention as directed to the production of a wig or artificial hairpiece is shown in FIGURES 1 through 4 which comprises generally a knit cover A having hair-like filaments B looped therewith, which filaments may be either of natural hair or synthetic monofilaments stylable into a wig to be worn over the hair on the human head.
  • the knit cover A is formed to be geometrically complemental to the upper portions of the human head.
  • FIGURES 1 through 8 one form of practicing the process of producing an artificial hairpiece in accordance with the present invention is shown.
  • a sliver 30 is prepared by initially taking a tow consisting of filaments of 24 to 40 denier Dynel, dyeing the same to the desired shade or color for the filament ends of the artificial hairpiece to be constructed. For best results the coarser deniers in this range are preferred.
  • the dyed tow is then passed through a Pacific Converter in which the dyed tow is cut into ends, for example and preferably. in excess of five inches in length, and for example in the wigs shown in FIGURES l and 2, nine inch ends are employed.
  • the sliver 30 is then blended to form the sliver 30.
  • the sliver is then wound upon a reel or drum 31 or coiled in a container.
  • the sliver is then introduced to the card mechanism 34 through its feed rolls.
  • the filaments of the sliver are introduced to the card cylinder through a lickerin in conventional carding practice.
  • the filaments traveling on the card cylinder are removed therefrom by a belt doffer 37 having pinlike projections thereon for engaging and removing from the card cylinder the filaments from the sliver for doffing these filaments onto the knitting needles of a Wildman Jacquard or similar circular knitting machine 40.
  • the needles having the filaments thereon are advanced to a knit point which is the conventional knitting feed for one or more ends of yarn which will form the cover or cap structure of the artificial hairpiece.
  • the yarns may be of any suitable material such as two ends of nylon, Acrilan or even, because of its stretch characteristics, Lycra or other spandex or elastic yarn.
  • torque yarns may be employed to provide the ultimate desired stretch characteristics for the cover of the hairpiece, that is, characteristics in excess of the normally inherent contractile characteristics of any knit fabric due to the knit structure.
  • the filaments from the sliver are introduced into the cover fabric as it is being knit and the fabric 42 is shown in FIGURE 8 descending from the needle cylinder to the take-up mechanism of the Wildman Jacquard or similar machine.
  • the filaments are secured or looped to the knit cover structure on the inside of the tube 42 and the outside thereof shown in the drawing is a relatively smooth knit structure.
  • a back coating may be applied to facilitate locking of the filaments in the knit structure of the fabric.
  • the inside of the tube 42 has a long hairy face of long Dynel 40 denier filaments.
  • the tube is then opened to form a fabric having a smooth knit surface on one side and a long hairy face on the other side. At this point the thus formed fabric may be made into wigs.
  • a length of knit tubular fabric 42 containing the looped filaments in the knit structure is then removed from the Wildman Jacquard machine 40, the tubular fabric is slit to open the same and a section of the fabric, may be placed over a forming station where a die member imparts to the fabric a crown shape or cavity generally complemental to the outside contour of the upper portions of the human head.
  • the thus formed section is then re-inverted with the cavity directed upwardly, at which time the portion of the fabric surrounding a head form or mold is than taped with elastic or resilient tapes applied, for instance, by adhesive to at least assist in confining the wig to the head form and ultimately to the head of the wearer.
  • a template is applied over the smooth side of the fabric on the head form to mark the outlines for the application of tapes and elastic bands.
  • the wig is then taped and the excess fabric removed therefrom, as shown in FIGURE 5.
  • the tapes may be further secured to the cover structure as by sewing at the corners and tacking or by sewing at other portions of the tape.
  • the wig is then re-inverted and placed upon a head form, with the filament side outwardly and the wig is brushed prior to styling to remove any excess filaments and to orient the filaments for styling.
  • the wig is then washed in water to remove the water soluble chemicals on the various filaments and yarns which facilitate their knitting.
  • the thus washed wig is then subjected to a chemical bath to render the hair filaments more susceptible to handling and styling.
  • the filaments are put up in curlers following conventional hair dressing practice.
  • the head form and wig with curlers are then placed in a setting oven for imparting at least a partial thermal set in the filaments while in the curled condition so that upon removal of the curlers the filaments will possess the liveliness and body essential to the correct styling of the hairlike filaments of the exterior surface of the wig.
  • Such a thermally formed and set wig is shown photographically in two hair styles are shown in FIGURES l and 2 of the drawings of wigs constructed in accordance with the foregoing process.
  • a synthetic bonding material or adhesive may be applied to the non-filament or smooth side of the fabric.
  • a section of the knit tubular fabric just large enough to make a single wig may be cut and placed over a forming block and pinned in place after which a template is applied over the fabric and chalk lines drawn to define the tape lines over which is applied the tapes which are stapled in place.
  • the tapes are coated with an adhesive to secure them in place. Any suitable adhesive, including those requiring solvent activation, may be used. After taping the excess fabric beyond the terminal edge of the wig line is cut away. The staples are removed, the wig washed and dried, put up in curlers, heat sets, curlers removed, wig combed out, thinned and styled.
  • FIGURES 1 through 7 inclusive the knit structure of the cover A is shown in a magnified photograph which reveals the base cover structure to be knit from two ends of nylon 42 Groups or tufts of hair-like filaments 42 are shown interlaced between the bight of a needle loop 42 and the base curved portions of sinker loops 42.
  • the photograph of FIGURE 7 is of the inner side of the identical fabric of FIGURE 6.
  • FIGURES 6 and 7 while showing interlacing as one form of securing or looping the filaments 42 with the cap or cover structure A of the wig, is but one form of securing these-filaments to the knit cover structure. They may be interknit or interlaced in groups or tufts. However, the important factor in this structure is that they are looped against being readily pulled out or removed from the cap structure.
  • the density of the knit structure of the cover both course-wise and Wale-wise has been regulated to provide an open area to permit the pores of the head of the wearer to breathe in a natural manner and to reduce the overheating of the head which would come about from the use, of a tight knit structure.
  • the human head is anatomically divided into frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes. These lobe areas of the human head are not identical for all human beings, some of these areas being more accentuated than others among human beings. It has been found, however, that generally speaking the human skull has a pronounced inwardly directed area from the outermost portion of the temporal lobes and for the wig to stay on the head of the wearer the wig must be forced to not only pass over the temporal areas when placing it on the head of the wearer, but it must also contract to embrace the lesser width areas of the head of the wearer below the temporal area. While this property of expansion and contraction of the cover to accommodate the temporal area has been emphasized, it is equally important that the wig conform to the geometric irregularities in the other areas above identified.
  • the knit cover A is taped by non-resilient tapes C which extend at least along or in the vicinity of the terminal edges of the knit cover.
  • Auxiliary tape areas C may be employed to further assist the knit cover in conforming to irregularities in the head structure as well as to retain the wig tightly about its edges to the head of the wearer so that the natural hair on the head of the wearer will not extend below the wig line, or line defined by the knit cover which extends wholly or partially over the portions of the skull above defined.
  • the larger tape at the frontal area of the wig may be either a resilient or non-resilient tape as will be the edge tapes C.
  • a resilient tape may be placed across the rear or left-hand end of the wig, as seen in FIGURES 3 and 4, but combinations of both resilient and non-resilient tapes may be employed.
  • the knit cover is knit of a stretch yarn such as a nylon torque yarn or Lycra, the tapes may be eliminated, but in the embodiment shown where both ends are regular nylon 42 the tapes are employed.
  • the hair-like filaments B employed with the cover A may be natural or synthetic and may be dyed different colors and blends of colors may be employed to further enhance styling characteristics.
  • FIGURES 3, 4 and 5 show the knit cap in final shaped form having closeness of the knit lines at the leftand right-hand ends of each of the covers of FIGURES 3 and 4 as compared to the more widely spaced intermediate areas, thus providing inherent expansive and contractile characteristics. This is very much emphasized when the wig is in its relaxed condition as it is in FIGURES 3 and 4.
  • the stylable filaments 42 may be of natural hair, nylon or other synthetic filaments although most satisfactory results are obtained with the modacrylic yarn known as Dynel or Verel.
  • the backing yarn 42 can be of a variety of materials. I have used cotton, acrylic, modacrylic, nylon and stretch nylon backing yarns. At the present for a wig, a filament nylon yarn is being used because this gives excellent strength with the least amount of fuzziness so that an open ventilated structure can be obtained. With certain yarns which can be easily heatset, as for example, the modacrylic yarns, one can obtain good locking of the back and di mensional stability by treating the fabric with infra-red or hot air so that the backing yarn reaches a temperature of about 290 F. Nylon, too, can be heat set but this requires temperatures of closer to 400 F.
  • the acrylic backing yarns can be utilized for moldeed objects. While they are in a strict sense of the word not heat-settable they can be deformed and set in a new configuration with heat.
  • a stylable artificial hairpiece for use with the headof a human being having frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes, all of which are to be at least partially covered comprising (a) a knit cover having inner and outer sides formed to conform at its inner side to portions at least of said frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes of the human head, and
  • a stylable artificial hairpiece for use with the head of a human being having frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes, all of which are to be at least partially covered comprising (a) a knit cover having inner and outer sides formed to conform at its inner side to portions at least of said frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes of the human head, and
  • a stylable artificial hairpiece for use with the head of a human being having frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes, all of which are to be at least partially covered comprising (a) a knit cover having inner and outer sides formed to conform at its inner side to portions at least of said frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes of the human head, and (b) stylable filaments in excess of five inches in length interknit in the knit structure of said knit cover with both ends of the stylable filaments extending from the outer side of said knit cover. 5.
  • An artificial hairpiece as claimed in claim 4 further comprising (0) conforming tapes secured to the inner side of the knit cover proximate the edges thereof for causing the edges of the hairpiece to conform to the head of the wearer after being passed over the temporal lobes of the head.
  • a stylable artificial hairpiece for use with the head of a human being having frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes, all of which are to be at least partially covered comprising (a) a knit fabric having inner and outer sides formed to conform at its inner side to portions at least of said frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Socks And Pantyhose (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
US308598A 1963-09-12 1963-09-12 Artificial hairpiece Expired - Lifetime US3139093A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US308598A US3139093A (en) 1963-09-12 1963-09-12 Artificial hairpiece
US356997A US3199516A (en) 1963-09-12 1964-02-27 Process of making long haired pile fabric and making artificial hairpieces therefrom
GB37028/64A GB1084861A (en) 1963-09-12 1964-09-10 Long haired pile fabric, method, apparatus and articles made from same
SE10958/64A SE325093B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1963-09-12 1964-09-11
NO154723A NO122887B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1963-09-12 1964-09-11
LU46938D LU46938A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1963-09-12 1964-09-12
BE653042D BE653042A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1963-09-12 1964-09-14
US462827A US3280594A (en) 1963-09-12 1965-06-10 Doffing mechanism for making deep pile fabrics

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US308598A US3139093A (en) 1963-09-12 1963-09-12 Artificial hairpiece

Publications (1)

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US3139093A true US3139093A (en) 1964-06-30

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US308598A Expired - Lifetime US3139093A (en) 1963-09-12 1963-09-12 Artificial hairpiece

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US (1) US3139093A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE653042A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1084861A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
LU (1) LU46938A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO122887B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE325093B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4214033A (en) * 1976-10-18 1980-07-22 John David Clifton Novel mesh fabric and wig and hair-piece made therefrom
US4509539A (en) * 1984-02-08 1985-04-09 Charles Alfieri Hairpiece with simulated natural hairline front
US20140202481A1 (en) * 2013-01-22 2014-07-24 Aderans Company Limited Wig base for a wig, which is a type of covering whole head of wearer
US9681693B1 (en) * 2015-01-14 2017-06-20 Hair Direct, Inc. Hair replacement system and method

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2191791A (en) * 1986-06-02 1987-12-23 Floris Merchandise Limited Pile fabric
IT1391502B1 (it) * 2008-11-03 2011-12-30 Texapel Spa Procedimento per la produzione di manufatti tessili.

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE21387C (de) * G. ANTON aus Mannheim, z. Z. in Pyrmont Verfahren zur Herstellung von Perrücken-Formen aus Gaze
US553433A (en) * 1896-01-21 siccardi
US1017253A (en) * 1910-02-28 1912-02-13 Raoul Lory Apparatus for making wigs and false fringes.
US1199144A (en) * 1916-03-02 1916-09-26 Zan Zak Method of making wigs.
US2073869A (en) * 1934-12-21 1937-03-16 Jacoby Meyer Wig
US2405791A (en) * 1945-05-15 1946-08-13 Hilaire J Lamoureux Wig construction
GB637313A (en) * 1947-06-12 1950-05-17 Harman Deighton Steiner Improvements in and relating to the construction of wigs
US2531685A (en) * 1949-12-27 1950-11-28 Jacoby Meyer Method of preparing synthetic filaments for wig making purposes and for making wigs therefrom
US2608196A (en) * 1949-03-05 1952-08-26 Harris Mendel Wigged head
US2737702A (en) * 1951-07-27 1956-03-13 Borg George W Corp Artificial fur product and process of manufacture
US3066358A (en) * 1957-11-05 1962-12-04 Chicopee Mfg Corp Fibrous web and methods and apparatus for producing the same

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE21387C (de) * G. ANTON aus Mannheim, z. Z. in Pyrmont Verfahren zur Herstellung von Perrücken-Formen aus Gaze
US553433A (en) * 1896-01-21 siccardi
US1017253A (en) * 1910-02-28 1912-02-13 Raoul Lory Apparatus for making wigs and false fringes.
US1199144A (en) * 1916-03-02 1916-09-26 Zan Zak Method of making wigs.
US2073869A (en) * 1934-12-21 1937-03-16 Jacoby Meyer Wig
US2405791A (en) * 1945-05-15 1946-08-13 Hilaire J Lamoureux Wig construction
GB637313A (en) * 1947-06-12 1950-05-17 Harman Deighton Steiner Improvements in and relating to the construction of wigs
US2608196A (en) * 1949-03-05 1952-08-26 Harris Mendel Wigged head
US2531685A (en) * 1949-12-27 1950-11-28 Jacoby Meyer Method of preparing synthetic filaments for wig making purposes and for making wigs therefrom
US2737702A (en) * 1951-07-27 1956-03-13 Borg George W Corp Artificial fur product and process of manufacture
US3066358A (en) * 1957-11-05 1962-12-04 Chicopee Mfg Corp Fibrous web and methods and apparatus for producing the same

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4214033A (en) * 1976-10-18 1980-07-22 John David Clifton Novel mesh fabric and wig and hair-piece made therefrom
US4509539A (en) * 1984-02-08 1985-04-09 Charles Alfieri Hairpiece with simulated natural hairline front
US20140202481A1 (en) * 2013-01-22 2014-07-24 Aderans Company Limited Wig base for a wig, which is a type of covering whole head of wearer
US9681693B1 (en) * 2015-01-14 2017-06-20 Hair Direct, Inc. Hair replacement system and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1084861A (en) 1967-09-27
BE653042A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-03-15
LU46938A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1964-11-30
NO122887B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-08-30
SE325093B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-06-22

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