US3135070A - Building and roof construction - Google Patents

Description

June 2, 1964 J. c. WARING ETAL BUILDING AND ROOF CONSTRUCTION 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 10, 1960 INVENTORS JAMES C. WARING,

CORWIN G. HOCKETT THEIR ATTORNEYS SAMUEL D. HUTCHESON,JR.

June 2, 1964 BUILDING AND ROOF CONSTRUCTION Filed June 10, 1960 J. c. WARING ETAL 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS JAMES C. WARING, SAMUEL D. HUTCHESONNR, CORWIN G. HOCKETT THElR ATTORNEYS June 2, 1964 J. c. WARING ETAL 3,135,070

BUILDING AND ROOF CONSTRUCTION Filed June 10, 1960 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTORS JAMES G.WARING CORW G.HOGKE mm L M THEIR ATTORNEYS SAMU o. HuTcfi E somJR.

June 2, 1964 Filed June 10, 1960 J. C. WARING ETAL BUILDING AND ROOF CONSTRUCTION 5 Sheets-Sheet 4' lNVENTORS JAMES C. WARIN SAMUEL D. HUTCHESON,JR.

CORWIN GJ'IOOKETT 5W 2, %kauw THEIR ATTORNEYS un 1964 J. c. WARING ETAL BUILDING AND ROOF CONSTRUCTION Filed June 10, 1960 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG.24

INVENTORS 'JAMES c. WARING SAMUEL D.HUTCHESON,JR.

GORWIN G.HOGKETT hm 2. %Mn1 THEIR ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3,135,070 BUILDING AND ROGF CONSTRUCTION James C. Waring, Samuel D. Hutcheson, Jr., and Corwm G. Hocltett, Richmond, Va, assignors to Reynolds Metals Company, Richmond, Va., a corporation of Delaware Filed June 10, 1960, Ser. No..35,181 4 Claims. (Cl. 50-221) This invention relates to a building and roof construction.

A building and roof construction, according to this invention, is particularly useful in providing a relatively light and strong supporting sub-structure, and a relatively light and strong water shedding cover which is supported by the sub-structure in a manner such that very few fastening devices are exposed where seepage might take place to the supporting sub-structure.

In one form of the invention, the water shedding cover may be made, of a plurality of overlapping main strips which extend lengthwise down from the ridge of the roof to the respective eave. These strips have a plurality of upward parallel open sided channels alternating with a plurality of downwardly directed open sided channels. These channels preferably are isosceles trapezoidal channels' with flat bands at the upper and lower faces of the strips. These strips preferably are long enough to extend from the ridge of the roof to the respective eave without overlapping. 7

Ridge cap, combined facia and rake strips, and eave and rake angles for protection against wind and rain are also provided to cooperate with the foregoing main strips.

Preferably the water shedding roof construction is made of sheet metal and preferably of an aluminum containing metallic substance, such as commercial aluminum, or aluminum alloys of proper characteristics. The aluminumcontaining metallic substance used is particularly light in weight, and has a high insulating value, and it repels external heat and sunlight in the summer time andprevents heat loss during the winter time.

. All of the parts which are likely to be exposed to brilliant'sunlight preferably are embossed in a manner to prevent glaring reflection, and. at the same time in a manner to aid in imparting the desired temper to the aluminum containing substance.

The exposed surfaces of the roof parts may be painted with paint of the desired color, including white.

Proper sealing constructions are provided at the eaves andat the ridge cap to prevent Wind and rain from entering underneath the water shedding constructions. Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide a building and roof construction having one or more of the features herein disclosed.

Other objects are apparent from this description and from the accompanying drawings; in which:

FIGURE 1 isadiagrammatic perspective view of a building and roof construction according to this invention, with. the parts not necessarily to scale, and with parts broken away.

FIGURE 2 is an enlarged cross-section, with parts broken. away, along the line 2-2 of FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 3 is a cross-section, on further enlarged scale, and. with parts broken away, along the line 3-3 of FIG- URE 1. a

- FIGURE 4 is a cross-section, on enlarged scale, along the line. 4-4 of FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 5 is. a cross-section along the line 5-5 of FIGURE. 4..

FIGURE 6. is a cross-section along the line 6-6 of FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 7 is a vertical cross-section showing another embodiment for the right end of FIGURE 1..

3,135,070 Patented June 2, 1964 FIGURE 8 is an enlarged cross-section along. the plane of line 8-8of FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 9 is a cross-section along the line 9-9 of FIGURE 8.

FIGURE 10 is a cross-section along the, line 10-10 of FIGURE 9.

FIGURE 11 is a transverse cross-section of the main roofing strip, showing particularly the edge portions.

FIGURE 12 is an enlarged cross-section, with parts broken away, of the combined rake and facia strip.

FIGURE 13 is a cross-section of the soffit strip and the sealing strip, taken along line 13-13. of FIGURE 2.

FIGURES 14 to 17, inclusive, are cross-sections similar to the upper part of FIGURE 7, and showing other embodiments for fastening the edge of the last roof strip.

FIGURE 18 is a plan View of an embossing pattern which may be formed into the sheet metal material which is likely to be exposed to sunlight.

FIGURE 19 is a typical cross-section of FIGURE 18.

FIGURE 20 is a view somewhat similar to a part of FIGURE 4 but showing other embodiments of the facia strip and the frieze strip.

FIGURE 21 is an enlarged view of the frieze strip of FIGURE 20.

FIGURE 22 is an enlarged view of the facia strip of FIGURE 20, which faciastrip also may be used as a rake strip.

FIGURE. 23 is a typical cross-section of a roof sheet metal strip with a built-in bowed construction.

FIGURE 24 is a cross-section showing a strip which a is narrower than the standard strips to be used to adjust the overlap of the last strip to be installed at the end of the roof.

According to this invention a building, such as the building 20, diagrammatically shown in FIGURE 1, has

the roof supporting sub-structure, such as shown at the right end of FIGURE 1, which provides a supporting area substantially along a ridge 22 and along two planes 24 and 26 downwardly slanting in opposite directions from the ridge 22. The planes 24 and 26 may slant inthe opposite-direction from the ridge 22 to opposed eaves- 28 and 30 along the lower edges of said supporting area. Theroof area may also extend between two roof ends 32 and 34. If desired, these roof ends 32 and 34 may be gable ends.

By way of example, the roof supporting sub-structure may include a plurality of intermediate rafters 36 which meet at the ridge 22 and are supported. on the side walls 38 of the building. In addition, rake rafters 40, outside of and parallel to the rafters 36, may overhang the ends 32 and 34 of the building. A plurality of parallel purlins 42 may be secured to the rafters 36 and 40, such as by nailing, and the top surfaces of these purlins 42 provide a supporting area for the water shedding roof parts to be described, such. roof supporting area being that which lies along the two planes 24 and 26' heretofore described. For convenience in future. description, the twopurlins at the ridge will be referred to as 42a. The purlins at the.- eaves 28 and 30 will be referred to as 421:; However, if desired, the purlins 42, 42a and 42b may be of identical construction.

. The water shedding covers of the roof may include one or two groups of a plurality of parallel main sheet metal strips 44 extending from one roof end 32 to the other roof end 34 and which are supported on the sub-structure, including the purlins 42,. 42a and 42b, elsewhere described. The lengths of the metal strips 44 of one group slant downwardly along one plane, such as plane 24, substantially from the ridge 22 toone of the eaves, such as eave 30. The lengths of the other group of main sheet metal strips slant downwardly along the other plane 26 substantially from said ridge 22 to the other of said eaves, such as eave 28. The strips 44- have overlapping joints between said strips, such as shown at 46 in FIGURE 3. Such strips also have a starting joint such has 48 in FIGURE 2, which may be connected to the starting facia strip 50, if desired. These strips 44- may also have an ending joint 52, as shown in FIGURE 2, or they may have any of a plurality of other embodiments of ending joints, such as shown in FIGURE 7 and 14-17, depending on the extent of surplus in the last strip to be installed on the roof, and which is to be cut at the end 34 to complete the roof and to provide suitable attaching joint structure at the end 34. Since the lengths of buildings vary, the ending joint at the end 34 is varied by cutting the last main strip lengthwise and by forming a suitable joint, such as in FIG- URES 7 and 14-17.

Each of said strips preferably is corrugated into a series of parallel open- sided channels 54 and 56, FIG- URE 2, which have their open sides alternating upwardly and downwardly as indicated at 58 and 6t). Preferably these open sided channels 54 and 56 are opensided isosceles trapezoidal channels with flat bands 62 and 64 respectively at the upper and lower faces of said strips.

Means are provided for securing the joints 46 to the substructure of the roof without openings at said joints which would permit drainage of water from the upper surface of said joints 46 into the sub-structure'which supports the water shedding cover of the roof. FIGURE 3 shows such means in one form, which includes an upward water damming structure 66 adjacent one edge of a first named sheet, such as sheet 44a, FIGURE 3, with a hook seam structure 68 on the left or central side of the damming structure 66 on the sheet 44a. A flat piercing fastener belt 70 is also provided on the strip 44a between the damming structure 66 and the edge 72 of the strip 44a. This fastener belt 70 may be fastened to the roof sub-structure, such as the purlins 42, by any type of piercing fastener, such as the nails 74 which are suitably spaced along the length of the fastening strip 70 to enter the roof supporting sub-structure at the plurality of purlins 42. The adjacent strip 44b has an inwardly hooked edge structure 76 to fit into the hook seam 68 of the sheet 44a. The adjacent strip 44b also has a similar upward water damming structure 66 adjacent to its edge 72a with which the next strip may be connected in a manner identical to that indicated at the left side of FIGURE 3. Other strips 44 may likewise be joined at their edges and secured to the purlins in succession and in like manner to the end 34 of the roof.

FIGURE 11 shows on an enlarged scale the intergral edges of a typical main strip 44. These strips 44 are adapted to be serially installed with the hooked edge 76 hooked into the adjacent hookseam structure 68 of the previously installed strip. Thereafter the fastening belt 76 at other edge 72, FIGURE 11, is then nailed to the purlins or other roof structure, as by nails 74, so that the next strip to be installed may be hooked over the hook structure 68 of the last installed strip 44. The water damming structure 66 may be formed by reversely bending the sheet 44 at 80. The hook structure 68 may be made by reversely bending a tight joint 82 to form one part of the hook 68 and then reversely bending the sheet at 84 in slightly spaced condition, to form a space 85, to receive the hook edge 76 of the next sheet to be installed. The hook 76 may be made by forming a tight reverse bend at 86 and an arcuate reverse bend at 88, to permit the portion 86 to be inserted into the previously installed hookseam 68 of the previously installed strip 44.

The space 90, FIGURE 3, at the joint between the sheets 44 forms a natural drainage area or channel down which the water may run to the eaves of the roof without any danger of water seepage to the fastening strip 70 or to the space beyond the water damming structure 66.

FIGURE 2 shows a series of steps which may be performed in placing the water shedding cover of the roof over the roof supporting structure. For example, a combined facia and/ or rake strip 50, also shown in FIGURE 12, may be secured along the left hand rake rafter 40 of FIGURE 2, at the end 32 of the roof, by means of a series of nails 92 and 94 driven respectively into the rafters 40 and the purlins 42. This secures the rake piece 50 firmly on the roof supporting structure. The piece 50 has a continuous hookseam construction 96 which receives the hooked edge 76 of the first main strip 44 to be installed along one of the rake edges at the edge 32 of the roof, FIGURE 1. Thereafter, this first strip is nailed to the purlins 42 in the same manner as shown at the left end of FIGURE 3 by means of a row of nails 74 driven into the purlins 42. Thereafter a plurality of intermediate strips 44 are laid serially with the hooking procedure described in connection with FIGURE 3 elsewhere. When the last strip is laid at the end 34, such as strip 44b in FIGURE 2, such strip 44b may overlap the end 34 at varying distances depending upon the length of the roof structure. The construction of the strips 44, 44a, and 44b, which strips are all the same, is such that the last strip 4412 probably has to be cut longitudinally to provide a strip of desired width required for the length of the particular building being covered to cooperate with the facia or rake piece at the right hand end 34 of FIGURE 2. The rake piece 5%) at end 34 is nailed in a manner similar to the rake piece 50 at the left end 32 of FIGURE 2 by nails 92, not shovm, and nails 94. This provides the hookseam 96, in mirror relationship to the left end of FIGURE 2. The edge 98 of the strip 44b, after it has been cut to proper width is bent by proper bending tools to fit over and around the lip 100 and into the hookseam 96 of facia strip 50 and then down along a piercing fastener strip 102, which is formed by bending the cut edge of main strip 44b where it may be fastened by piercing fasteners or nails 104 into the ends of the purlins 42 at properly spaced intervals. Thereafter a combined cave and rake angle strip 106 is secured to the strip 44b by means of a plurality of screws 108 (with interposed sealing washers 110, if desired) which properly hold the rake angle strip 106 as shown at the right end of FIGURE 2. The angle 106 is provided with a downward flange 112, a horizontal flange 114, and a sharp reverse bend 116, and if desired sharp reinforcing bends 118 and 119 at the edges of the angle strip 106. The flange 112 prevents any substantial amount of water from being driven upwardly and over the construction at 98 and 100. The horizontal flange 114 properly holds the angle 106 in place, while the washer if used, prevents any seepage into the roof supporting structure at that point. Where aluminum containing metal strips and aluminum containing metal screws are used, it is preferred to place the washers 116 between the screw heads and the strip 44 and this is usually suflieient to form a seal which prevents water seepage. However, wood or Neoprene strips or blocks shown in dotted lines 389 may be used, as else- Where described.

A similar angle 166a is secured to the first flat part 62 at the left end of FIGURE 2 to provide a similar rake angle strip at the end 32 of the roof construction. The angle 106a is the same as the angle 106, but is reversed by merely reversing the ends of similar strip material. The strip 106a is secured substantially the same as the strip 106 at the right hand of FIGURE 2.

The rake piece 50 at each end 32 and 34, FIGURES 2 and 12, has a lower flange 120 and an upper flange 122 which also may have a V-shaped groove 124. These flanges 120 and 122 may be made by a reverse bend at 125 as clearly shown in FIGURE 12, of a single piece or strip. Likewise the construction 96 and 100 at the top of the strip are made from the same piece of material by reverse bend 101 as clearly shown in FIGURE 12. It

has piercing fastener strips, 126 and 127, whic'halso are integral with the strip 50 for the reception of piercing fasteners such. as nails 32 and 94. A lower portion, of a strip such as 50 may be cut and may be secured to any vertical wooden surface at the end of the roofconstruction such as 50a at the last rafter 36, FIGURE 2, which is located over the'end wall of thebuilding, A corrugated soflit stnip 128 may be placed between the flanges 120 and 122 and the flanges 122a and 120a of the, cut facia strip 50a. A suitable flexible seal or tube 130 may be placed at each edge of the sofiit strip 128 to seal the soflit strip 128 in place. A cross-section of strip 128 is shown in FIGURE 13.

FIGURE 7 shows another embodiment for the last strip 44b-when the edge to be cut is farther away from a channel 56 than was shown in FIGURE 2. In this case an adjacent portion of an adjacent channel 56 and channel 54 are straightened out by hammering and the like and then are reversely bent at 100a and 98a and is then downwardly bent at 102a and is then fastened by piercing fas teners or nails 104a. Thereafter screws 108a, with washers 110a, if desired, are inserted over a rake angle 18622 to cover the end of the construction. A soflit construction 128 with flanges 120, 122, 124, and seal 130 may be used at this end of the roof construction similarly to that described in connection with end 32 in FIGURE 2. Likewise the right end of FIGURE 2 may be provided with a soflit construction (not shown) similar to that shown in FIGURE 7.

FIGURES 14 through 17 show the embodiments for attaching the last strip 44b at the end 34 of the roof structure.

FIGURE 14 is generally the same construction as that shown at the right hand end of FIGURE 2. However, the rake strip 50 is cut at 230 and the strip44b is cut at the edge 232. The strip 44b is bent at 234 to provide a flange 236 from about A- /z inch in width. Nails or other piercing fasteners 239 may be driven through the flange 236 and through the upper part of the rake strip 50 and into the the purlins 42, 42a, and 42b. Thereafter the combined eave and rake angle 106 may be secured to the last flat band 62 by means of screws 238, and sealing washers 240 if desired, at suitable intervals along the band 62.

FIGURE 15 shows another embodiment in which the rake strip 50 is attached by nails 94 in a manner similar to that shown in FIGURES 2 and 7 at the right end. The strip 44b is bent at 242 and 244 in a manner so that it can pass around the lip 106 of the facia strip 50 and may be'provided with a flange 246 which extends down along the side of the strip 50. At suitable periods, the nails 248 or similar piercing fasteners may be driven into the purlins 42, 42a, and 42b. The rake angle 106 may be secured by screws 238 and sealing washers240, if desired, at the last flat band 62 of the last strip 44b at the end 34 of the building.

FIGURE 16 shows another embodiment for fastening strip 44b in which the facia and rake strip 50 is secured by nails 94 in a manner similar tothat shown in FIGURE 7. However, the right edge 250 shown first in dotted lines in FIGURE. 16 of the last inverted channel 56 of the last strip 44b, 'is bent inwardly by a special tool, if desired, to the position 252 shown in full lines, and is bent again at 254 to provide a flange 256 which may be placed adjacent tothe facia strip 50. The flange 256 and the facia strip 50 may be nailed at suitable intervals by nails 258 to the ends of purlins 42, 42a, and 42b. The combined eave and rake angle strip 106 is secured to the last band 62 by means of the screws. 238 and washers 240, if desired, at suitable intervals along the band 62.

FIGURE 17 shows another embodiment of the last stnip 44b adjacent the, end 34 of the roof structure. The rake strip 58 is cut at 260. The side 250 which is shown in dotted lines in FIGURE 16 is bent inwardly at 252 and at angle 254 to provide a flange 256 substantially the same as in FIGURE 16. Thereafter the rake strip 50 and flange 256 are secured by driving nails 258 at suitable intervals into the ends of the purlins 42, 42a, and 42b. The combined eave and rake angle196 is securedto the last band 62 by means of the screws 238 and sealing washers 240, if desired, along the strip or band 62.

In all of the attachments of the last strip 44b shown in FIGURES 2, 7, and 14-17, it is to be understood that the end of the roof 34 may terminate at various points in relation to the last strip 44b along any of the points of the channels 54, 56, etc. Sometimes the bands 62 are the last complete band for the strip 44b while at other times the bands 64 are the last bands of the strip 44b.

There are many places along these bands and along theportion of the strip 44b which is adjacent the upward water damming structure 66 where the roof may terminate, so that adjustments are to be made to provide the proper structure at that point. Suflicient embodiments have been shown so that all of the various places maybe modified to accommodate the varying positions of the roof end 34.

A ridge cap is secured over the ridge 22 as shown in FIGURE 8. The rafters 36 (and 40) meet at the junction line 132 in the usual manner. Ridge purlins 42a are secured to these rafters in a slightly spaced position as indicated at 132. A sub-ridge cap 134 is nailed at 136 to the purlins 42a. The sub-ridge cap has nailing flanges 138, upward flanges 140 and top bridging piece 142. The upper ends of the strips 44 terminate at any suitable place, such as 144. A rubber-like seal 146 of corresponding corrugations of the trapezoidal type is placed over the ends of the strips 44, as indicated at 146 in FIGURES 8-1-0, so that the corrugations dovetail into the corrugations of the sheet 44. Thev ends of the sheet 44 are held by firmly nailing the end joint constructions 46 with nails 74 into the purlins 42a.- The ridge cap, which has a cross-section as shown in FIGURE 8, is secured to the tops of the strips 44, by screws 148 which pass through the ridge cap 130 and through the sealing strip 146 and into the flat portions 62 of the main strips 44. In addition, if desired, the screws 148 may beprovided with sealing washers 150 which firmly hold the ridge cap- 130 in place. Suitable inwardly bent flanges 150 may be placedalong the edges of the ridge cap 130 for strengthening purposes. The ridge cap 130 is V-shaped as shown with the top 152 of the ridge cap coinciding with thetopof the ridge construction. V In FIGURE 10, before the ridge cap 130 is secured in place, suitable caulking compound 154 is placed between the flanges 140 of the sub-ridge cap 134 and. the edge of the sealing strip 146. Sufficient caulking compound is introduced so that it may ooze into the space at the ends of the. inverted channels 56, FIGURE 8, where there is no sealing strip 146.

The eave construction which may be used FIGURES 4, 5 and 6.

The ends of the rafters 36 (and rafters 40) may be joined together by adjoining wooden piece (or a series of wooden pieces 160). The eave purlins 42b may be nailed on top of the rafters 36 and wooden pieces 169.

The combined facia and rake piece 50 may besecured to the edges of the cave construction by nailing the facia strip 50 with rows of nails 162 and 164.

- A sealing strip 146, similar or identical to the sealing strip at the ridge 22. may be nailed by nails 200- on the purlin 42b. However, the nails 200 may be omitted, andthe sealing strip 146 may be secured by nails 74 which are driven into the. purlin 42b at the joints 46 between the main strips 44, which joints 46 are described elsewhere in connection with FIGURE 3. The trapezoidal corrugations of the strip 146 and those of the main strips 44 dovetail with each other to form a tight seal adjacent. the facia strip 50 which prevents wind and rain from blow ing under the roof. If desired, caulking compound 144 may be placed adjacent the strip 146 and under the sheet is shown in metal of the main strips 44. Eave and: rakeangle strips 106, previously described, are attached to the upper flat bands 62 of the main strips 44 at suitable intervals by screws 202 which, if desired, may be provided with sealing washers 204. The strips 44 are secured to the purlin 42b by nails 74 at the joints 46 similar to those shown in FIGURE 3, but in which case the nails 74 nailed into the purlins 42b, instead of into the intermediate purlins 42. Many reference numerals are shown in FIGURES 46 which have been used elsewhere on identical parts, and therefore description is not repeated.

' A sofiit strip 128, similar to the soflit strip 128 of FIGURE 2 elsewhere described, but possibly of different width, is drawn between the flanges 120 and 122 against the V groove 124 and is held by seals 130 of the character heretofore described. A frieze strip 208 has a piercing fastener strip or band 210 which is secured to the side walls 38 of the building by piercing fasteners or nails 212. An upper flange 214 is provided with a V groove 216 and a lower flange 218 may be formed fron an integral strip as shown in FIGURE 4 with reinforcing reverse bends 220, if desired. A flexible sealing strip 222, similar to the strip 130 is placed underneath the soflit 128 and against the lower flange 218 to hold the strip 128 in place. The soflit strip 128 may be corrugated as shown in FIGURE 13 and may be provided with holes 224 for ventilation. These holes are sufficiently small to prevent insects of any substantial size from passing through them, but they are large enough to provide a substantial ventilation. The seals 130 and 222 are sufiiciently flexible to fill the inverted valleys of the strip 128, even when the strips 128 were not of a corrugated nature before being inserted under the sofiit strip. If desired, the strips 130 and 122 may be tubular with central cavities 226 to provide added flexibility.

The following details are given by way of example, and not by way of limitation of the broad principles and scope of the invention.

The rafters 36 and 40 are shown diagrammatically in FIGURE 1 in a simple form. However, these rafters may be parts of prefabricated truss constructions, now well known in the building industry. With truss constructions, the rafters may be of 2 x 4 inch lumber on 16 or 24 inch centers, depending on the strength desired. The purlins 42a may be 2 x 4 inch lumber. The purlins 42b may be 2 x 6 inch lumber and the intermediate purlins 42 may be either 2 x 2 or 2 x 4 inch lumber. The purlins may be spaced 16 or 24 inches, depending on the strength desired. In general, the 2 x 2 inch purlins may be spaced 16 inches apart and the 2 x 4 inch may be spaced 24 inches apart. The embossing pattern for the sheet metal material is shown in FIGURES 18 and 19. A scale 300 is placed along the pattern of FIGURE 18 which indicates a distance of 1 inch from 301 to 302. This is to show the relative size of pattern undulations which are typical and have been found satisfactory.

The embossing pattern may be made of a plurality of curved, relatively narrow undulations, waves, hills or valleys 303. These undulations, hills or valleys are curved in various and miscellaneous directions to prevent concentrated light reflections in a manner to prevent objectionable glare.

' These undulations, hills or valleys 303 may be formed completely through the sheet metal, so that a similar pattern is made on both sides of the sheet. This permits the desired height or depth of the hills or valleys 303 to prevent objectionable reflections on the exposed side of the sheet.

' For example, the combined height or depth of the hills or valleys 303 may be approximately the same as the width of the sheet metal, more or less, but may be varied as desired, such as indicated in FIGURE 19.

The embossing pattern may be applied to the sheet metal by die rolls while the sheet is still uncorrugated or before it is bent into any other shape. 7

The surface finish of the sheet metal preferably is what is known as stucco finish so the coating may be readily applied thereto, and in a manner to cling securely thereto.

The coating may be any desired enamel, paint or other suitable coating, and may be applied at any suitable or desired stage of manufacture, such as before or after the embossing step. For example, it may be coated with Dulux enamel, made and sold by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (Inc.) of Wilmington, Delaware.

The coating may be applied in a well-known continuous linef operation where the enamel is applied and baked to produce a durable product which may be cut and fabricated as herein described while maintaining its beautiful finish.

The screws 108, 148, 238, etc., which secure the various parts of the sheet metal together may be used with or without sealing washers underneath the heads of the screws.

While a gable roof construction has been illustrated by way of example, many of the features of this invention are applicable to hip roof constructions and other well-known roof constructions, as is now evident.

While a purlin type of sub-roof support has been disclosed, this invention is also applicable where solid sheathing is laid on the roof rafters instead of spaced purlins.

The nails, such as 74, 92, 94, etc., may be 1 and inch spiral shank nails of aluminum with attached Neoprene washers when desired. The nails 74 may be used, 2 nails on the 2x4 inch purlins or 1 nail on the 2x2 inch purlins.

The sheet metal used is preferably made from aluminum containing metal, such as suitable aluminum or aluminum alloy, and for example, aluminum alloy 3003 H134. Where such material is to be exposed to sunlight, and to reduce glare, the sheet metal may be stucco embossed completely through the body of the sheet metal and may have an embossing pattern as shown in FIG- URES 18 and 19. The sheet material may be waxed, or otherwise protectively coated on the underside. The exposed surfaces may be enameled or painted any desired color and with any suitable paint or enamel, such as American Marietta 5018, Polar White. It may be applied before the forming and bending operations, if desired.

The strips 44, 44a and 44b may be .024 inch thick. The eave and rake angle 106 may be .032 inch thick. The frieze strip 208 also may be .032 inch thick.

The eave and rake 106 not only is architectural trim, but also prevents wind and water from blowing under the roof.

The facia and rake strip may be .024 inch thick. The ridge cap 138 may be .024 inch thick and the sub-ridge 134 may also be .024 inch thick. All of the above trim pieces may be stucco embossed where exposed to the sun. They may also be painted.

The roof strips 44, 44a, and 441) may be wide enough to provide a 16 inch exposed coverage and a 1.125 inch overlap. The channels 54 and 56 may be 1.873 inches at the open side and .625 inch at the closed side. These channels may be .538 inch deep. The starting book 76 may be .30 inch in horizontal extent. The water damming structure 80 may be .562 inch high measured from the lowest part of the strip. The groove 68 may be .060 inch high and .525 inch in horizontal extent.

The cave and rake angle 106, the frieze strips 208 and the facia and rake strips 50 may be made in convenient lengths such as 20', more or less.

The facia and rake strip 50 may be approximately 6.060 inches high, .646 inch between the lower flanges and 122, .458 inch between the lower flange 120 and the bottom of the groove 124-. The hookseam 96 may have an opening .022 inch high and .45 inch in horizontal extent.

The strip 50, when used as an eave strip, may be part 9"\ of a gutterfconstruction, not shown. Alternatively, a gutter may be independently added to the strip 50 or in lieu thereof. The strip 50 may be replaced by a gutter construction with or without the sotfit receiving construction.

The sealing strip 146 may be molded from Neoprene of 70 durometer test, or it may be molded sponge rubber. The strip 146 may be of a shape to follow the corrugations of the strips. 44, 44a and 44b.

The aluminum sheet metal nails 92, 94, 96, etc., where they are used to attach facia orfrieze strips, or where they are used as nails 136 in FIGURE 8, may be spaced 8 inches apart more or less where possible, and may be 1 and /r. inches spiral shank aluminum nails, with or without attached Neoprene washers.

Sometimes, the last strip 44b of FIGURE 2 may terminate at the roof end 34 of FIGURE 1 with the water damming structure. 66 or the fastener belt 70 of FIGURE 3 in a position to make attachment to the sub-structure difficult. In order to avoid this, a narrower strip 44], in FIGURE 24, may be provided, which is similarto the standard strips 44 and 44b on each side of strip 44L except that strip J has a less number of downward or upward open-sided channels 541- or 56] than the number of channels 54 and 56 in standard strips 44 and 44b. For example, such narrower strip 44] may have a hooked edge structure 76, one or more downward open-sided channels 56], one book seam 63, one damming structure 66, and one fastener belt 70. This narrower strip is placed on the roof sub-structure ahead of the above last strip 44b. This causes the objectionable damming structure 66 and the fastener belt 70 of the strip 44b to extend completely beyond the roof end 34, so that the strip 44b may now be, cut to produce one of the ending joints of FIGURES 2, 7', and 14-17, to finish at the roof end 34. The narrower strip 44] may be used at anyplace along the roof, if desired.

FIGURES 20, 21 and 22 show other embodiments of facia and frieze strips.

, For example, the facia strip 350 may be used wherever the faci'a strip 50- of FIGURE 12 is used, such as in FIGURE 4. The strip 350 has the bends, elements etc., 96', 160, 101, 120 and 125 substantially the same as the strip 50 of FIGURE 12. However, the flange 322 of FIGURE has an offset 324 which may be bent or adjusted to accommodate different widths of rafters 36, purlins 42, etc. 1

As. applied to. an eave construction in FIGURE 20, which is similar to the construction of FIGURE 4, the upper parts 96, 100, 101, 126 of facia strip 350 may be attached to the upper part of the eave construction of FIGURE 4 in an identical manner and hence such construction is not again described.

The lower partoffaciastrip 350. is attached to" the lower edge of the rafters 36- bynails, etc. 162. The corrugated soflitst-rip 128, shown in dotted lines in FIGURE 22, hasits outer edge held in the channel 326 with the upper'side 328* of the sofiit strip 128'against the under side of the top322-of channel 326. The lower side 3300fthe soffit strip 128 is held by a flexible seal 13!)- substantially in the same manner as in FIG- URE 4'.

The offset 324' accommodates a rafter 36 which is relatively narrowin vertical extent and hence the offset 324 in full line position of FIGURE 22 is nailed to the bottom of the rafter 36 of FIGURE 20. If wider rafters .are used (or thicker purlins) the offset 324 may be. straightened to the dotted line position 324a in FIG- URE 22 and may then be installed in the same manner. The offset 324 need not be completely straightened, if desired.

The frieze strip 360 of FIGURE 21. may be-used to receive the other edge of the soffit strip 128 in FIGURE 20 (or wherever applicable in other figures such as in It)" FIGURE 4).. The frieze strip 360 may have a channel 362 which receives the inner edge of the sotfit strip 128. The upper surface 328 of the soffit bears on the under side of the top 329 of channel 362. The lower surface 330 of the soffit'128 bears against a flexible seal 222 similar tothat shown in FIGURE 4.

The oifset 332 is used in full line condition when mar-- row rafters are used and in straightened condition 332a with wider rafters or purlins.

In FIGURE 20, the frieze strip 360 is secured to the under edges 364 of the rafters 36 by fasteners or nails, 366 instead of being fastened to the wall 38 as in FIG- URE 4. This is advantageous, particularly when the wall 38 has a masonry surface.

FIGURE 23 shows a construction in which the strips 44,4411, 44b, etc., which have been previously described, are given a bowed set transversely to the lengths of saidstrip. before installation, to produce concave and convex faces with their axes parallel to the lengths of the strip and between the edges 370 and 371 of the strips. Such bowed set may be imparted to the strips near the place of installation or at a remote place of manufacture, as desired. The curve of the bowed set may be a circular are or any other desired configuration suitable for this purpose. Before being secured to the roof sub-structure, the; bowed set of the strips 44, 44a, 44b, etc. are placed with their concave faces upward and with their convex faces downward.

By the construction of FIGURE 23, when the outer edges 370 and 371 of any of the strips 44, 44a, 44b, etc., which havebeen previously described, are attached to the roof structure, the entire intermediate portion of the bowed set between such edges 370 and 371 is given a downward force or impulse which aids in holding the entire area of the strip firmly down against the roof supporting sub-structure, such as against the purlins 42 of FIGURE 1, or any other roof supporting sub-structure which may be used.

By the construction of FIGURE 23, flapping or buffeting by heavy winds is prevented. The bowed set causes the strips 44, 44a, 44b, etc. to lie flat throughout their area firmly against the supporting roof sub-structure even under severe wind conditions.

The soffit strips 128- herein described may be made of aluminum sheet of the corrugated type as shown in FIG- URE 13' and may be provided with holes 224 of the size elsewhere described, to prevent entrance of insects of substantial size, but are large enough and frequent enough to provide suliicient ventilation to prevent condensation of moisture within the space bounded by the soffit strip.

The underside of the strips 44, 44a, 44b, and other members of the roof covering may be undercoated withany of the usual automobile undereoating compounds,

such as an asphalt-rock mixture or sprayed foam under coating compound and. the like. This or similar types of undercoating may be used todeaden noises and thus produce a sound deadening condition in the roof structure.

Blocks 360 may be placed under the roof strips as indicated by dotted *lines in various views. These blocks may be pressure treated woodspacer strips, or Neoprene or vinyl spacer strips. These blocks 30 may be nailed or otherwise secured to the roof sub-structure. Thereafter,

the roof strips 44, 44a, etc., may be secured to the block 380 by screws 108, etc., which extend only partly into the blocks 380 to provide a water-tight construction. washers 110, a, 204, etc., may be placed between the screw heads and the roof strips, as shown. These washers may be made. of any suitable material, such as Neoprene. or any suitable vinyl substance.

It is thus to be seen that a new, useful, light and strong building and roof construction has been provided by this. invention, which can be easily and securely installed on a roof sub-structure. The various components permit installation on a wide. variety of roofs.

While the form of the invention now preferred has 11 been disclosed, in accordance with the requirements of the statutes, other forms may be used, all coming within the scope of the claims which follow.

What is claimed is:

l. A building and roof construction comprising: a roof supporting sub-structure providing a supporting area lying substantially in a downwardly slanting plane; and a plurality of parallel sheet metal strips with overlapping joints and with their lengths slanting downwardly along said plane, each of said strips being corrugated into aseries of parallel open sided channels with their open sides alternating upwardly and downwardly; each channel having a truncated triangular configuration defined by a pair ofangularly disposedlegs interconnected together by a fiat intermediate portion; each strip having a pair of opposed side edges; one side edge of each strip terminating at a downwardly facing channel having the outer leg thereof provided with a reversely turned end portion extending toward the other leg thereof; the other side edge of each strip including a fiat portion extending from an adjacent downwardly facing channel and having a re versely extending looped portion interconnected thereto and cooperating therewith to define an outwardly facing channel receiving said reversely turned end portion of an adjacent strip; the other side edge of said strip including another looped portion interconnected to said first named looped portion and disposed at a right angle relative thereto and engaging the flat intermediate portion of the channel of the adjacent strip adjacent the juncture of said outer leg thereof.

2. A building roof construction comprising: a roof supporting sub-structure providing a supporting area lying substantially along a ridge and along two planes downwardly slanting in opposite directions from said ridge; and two groups of a plurality of parallel metal strips supported on said sub-structure, with the lengths of the strips of one group slanting downwardly along one plane and with the lengths of the other group slanting downwardly along the other plane, with overlapping joints between said strips, said strips being corrugated into a series of parallel open sided channels with their open sides alternating upwardly and downwardly; each channel having a truncated triangular configuration defined by a pair of angularly disposed legs interconnected together by a flat intermediate portion; each strip having a pair of opposed side edges; one side edge of each strip terminating at a downwardly facing channel having the outer leg thereof provided with a reversely turned end portion extending toward the other leg thereof; the other side edge of each strip including a flat portion extending from an adjacent downwardly facing channel and having a reversely extending looped portion interconnected thereto and cooperating therewith to define an outwardly facing channel receiving said reversely turned end portion of an adjacent strip; the other side edge of each strip including another looped portion interconnected to said first named looped portion and disposed at a right angle relative thereto and engaging the fiat intermediate portion of the channel of the adjacent strip adjacent the juncture of said outer leg thereof.

' 3. A building and roof construction comprising: a roof supporting sub-structure providing a supporting area lying substantially along a ridge and along two planes downwardly slanting in opposite directions from said ridge to respective opposed eaves along the lower edges of said supporting area and extending between two opposed roof ends; two groups of a plurality of parallel metal strips with overlapping joints and extending from one roof end to the other roof end and supported on said sub-structure with the lengths of the strips of one group slanting downwardly along one plane substantially from said ridge to one of said caves and with the lengths of the other group slanting downwardly along the other plane substantially from said ridge to the other of said eaves with overlapping joints between said strips, said strips being corru- 12 gated into a series of parallel, open sided channels with their open sides alternating upwardly and downwardly; each channel having a truncated triangular configuration defined by a pair of angularly disposed legs interconnected together by a flat intermediate portion; each strip having a pair of opposed side edges; one side edge of each strip terminating in a downwardly facing channel having the outer leg thereof provided with a reversely turned end portion extending toward the other leg thereof; the other side edge of each strip including a flat portion extending from an adjacent downwardly facing channel and having a reversely extending looped portion interconnected thereto and cooperating therewith to define an outwardly facing channel receiving said reversely turned end portion of an adjacent strip; the other side edge of each strip including another looped portion interconnected to said first named looped portion and disposed at a right angle relative thereto to engage the flat intermediate portion of the channel of the adjacent strip adjacent the juncture of said outer leg thereof; a ridge cap over the upper ends of said strips; means for securing said ridge cap over the upper ends of said strips without openings at said ridge cap permitting drainage of water from the upper surface of said ridge cap to said sub-structure; metal facia strips at said eaves; and rake constructions at said roof ends; combined cave and rake angle structures secured along the eave edges and roof end edges of said first named strips.

4. A building and roof construction comprising: a long and narrow sheet metal strip having a plurality of parallel open sided channels with their open sides alternating upwardly and downwardly; each channel having a truncated triangular configuration defined by a pair of angularly disposed legs interconnected together by a flat intermediate portion; said strip having a pair of opposed side edges; one side edge of said strip terminating at a downwardly facing channel having the outer leg thereof provided with a reversely turned end portion extending toward the other leg thereof; the other side edge of said strip including a fiat portion extending from an adjacent downwardlyfacing channel and having a reversely extending looped portion interconnected thereto and cooperating therewith to define an outwardly facing chan nel for receiving a reversely turned end portion of an adjacent strip; the other side edge of said strip including another looped portion interconnected to said first named looped portion and disposed at a right angle relative thereto to engage the flat intermediate portion of the channel of an adjacent strip adjacent the juncture of the outer leg thereof.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 28,041 Seely Apr. 24, 1860 256,083 Walter Apr. 4, 1882 1,090,330 Moomaw Mar. 17, 1914 1,755,412 Schmieder Apr. 22, 1930 1,776,116 Harvey Sept. 16, 1930 1,971,517 Belding Aug. 28, 1934 2,722,901 Johnson Nov. 8, 1955 2,830,546 Rippe Apr. 15, 1958 2,842,237 Paulssen July 8, 1958 2,853,330 Harry Sept. 23, 1958 2,896,559 Stephens July 28, 1959 2,952,922 Wenzel Sept. 20, 1960 FOREIGN PATENTS 462,089 Italy Feb. 24, 1951 1,083,495 France Jan. 30, 1954 1,105,292 France June 29, 1955 OTHER REFERENCES Reynolds Alum. Corrugated Roofing & Siding pamphlet BP-700, Reynolds Metals Co., published Aug. 1,

1952, page 10-16.

Claims (1)

1. A BUILDING AND ROOF CONSTRUCTION COMPRISING: A ROOF SUPPORTING SUB-STRUCTURE PROVIDING A SUPPORTING AREA LYING SUBSTANTIALLY IN A DOWNWARDLY SLANTING PLANE; AND A PLURALITY OF PARALLEL SHEET METAL STRIPS WITH OVERLAPPING JOINTS AND WITH THEIR LENGTHS SLANTING DOWNWARDLY ALONG SAID PLANE, EACH OF SAID STRIPS BEING CORRUGATED INTO A SERIES OF PARALLEL OPEN SIDED CHANNELS WITH THEIR OPEN SIDES ALTERNATING UPWARDLY AND DOWNWARDLY; EACH CHANNEL HAVING A TRUNCATED TRIANGULAR CONFIGURATION DEFINED BY A PAIR OF ANGULARLY DISPOSED LEGS INTERCONNECTED TOGETHER BY A FLAT INTERMEDIATE PORTION; EACH STRIP HAVING A PAIR OF OPPOSED SIDE EDGES; ONE SIDE EDGE OF EACH STRIP TERMINATING AT A DOWNWARDLY FACING CHANNEL HAVING THE OUTER LEG THEREOF PROVIDED WITH A REVERSELY TURNED END PORTION EXTENDING TOWARD THE OTHER LEG THEREOF; THE OTHER SIDE EDGE

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