Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/02—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with hydrocarbons
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/227—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of hydrocarbons, or reaction products thereof, e.g. afterhalogenated or sulfochlorinated
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
  • D07B1/141—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising liquid, pasty or powder agents, e.g. lubricants or anti-corrosive oils or greases
  • D07B1/142—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising liquid, pasty or powder agents, e.g. lubricants or anti-corrosive oils or greases for ropes or rope components built-up from fibrous or filamentary material
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2042—Strands characterised by a coating
  • D07B2201/2044—Strands characterised by a coating comprising polymers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
  • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
  • D07B2205/201—Polyolefins
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
  • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
  • D07B2205/2046—Polyamides, e.g. nylons

Definitions

• Heavy ropes and cordage have been fabricated in the past primarily from natural vegetable fibrous materials, such as hemp, jute, etc., and have depended'for their strength largely on fibre to fibre friction.
• continuous synthetic filament yarns such as nylon, Dacron, etc., because of their high filament strength, have come into use in the manufacture of tire cord, rope and the like. The strength of such ropes depends largely on the combined strength of the individual filaments, and excessive breakage of such filaments tends to reduce the strength and shorten the llVGSOf the ropes ofwhich they form a part.
• Heavy duty ropes and cords such as are used as marine hawsers and the like are subject .to severe stresses in tension and abrasion, and to frequent wetting during such stresses.
• the continuous synthetic filaments are subjected to severe filament to filament friction tending to cause filament breakage when the rope stretches under such strains.
• filament to filament friction is often so severe as to cause excessive temperature development sufficient to soften or melt the filament at the points of frictional contact. Under such conditions, even dry rope will sufier some breakage of filaments due to the strain.
• nylon is appreciably tenderized or liquefied or dissolved in water at the elevated temperatures often-created 3 ,103,448 Patented Sept. 10, 1063 "Ice;
• mally solid, hard, waxy polymers of ethylene which are saturated aliphatic compounds characterized by a recurring CH group and which have average molecular weights between about 1,000 and about 3,000, especially polyethylene/alka'nol telomers of this character, are subjected, in the liquid phase, to the action of an oxygencontaining gas to cause reaction of at least about 5 pounds of oxygen per 100 pounds of wax, preferably between about 5 pounds and about 17 pounds of oxygen, per 100 pounds of wax, i.e.
• ropes and hawsers' made from synthetic continuous filaments, and particularly nylon tend to deteriorate not only in appearance by the formation of a fuzz or broken filaments, but
• synthetic continuous filament yarns especially nylon yarns
• synthetic continuous filament yarns may be rendered more durable, and resistant to wet and dry filament breakage and resultant degradation in strength according to'my invention wherein the yarn is subjected, prior to its fabrication into cordage, to treatment with an aqueous emulsion of a readily emulsifiable, oxidized polyethylene wax, preferably followed by heating to a temperature above about 100 C. to evaporate excess water from the yarn.
• Oxidized polyethylene wax materials suitable for use in my invention are described in co-pending application Serial No. 515,770 of Michael Erchak, In, filed June 15, 1955, now US. Patent No. 3,060,163, according to which norabout 45.
• The'oxidized polyethylene/isopropanol telomer Waxes prepared according to the above method containing between about 3% and about 6% oxygen and having average molecular weights between about 1,000 and about 3,000, melting points between about C. and about C., acid numbers between about 10 and about 20, are especially preferred.
• the preferred oxidized wax products are characterized by an extremely low incidence of, or in many cases, substantially complete absence of ester groups.
• the saponification' number (which measures both acid and ester groups) is substantially identical to or only slightly greater than the acid number (which measures only acid groups) so that these products all have an extremely low or zeroester number (saponification number minus acid number) and have ratios of saponification number to acid number of about 1 to about 1.2 and not more than about 1.5.
• the waxy ethylene polymers which are oxidized as above described may themselves be prepared by any suitable known methods, for example by subjecting ethylene, either alone, or in the presence of a co-reactant to temperatures between about C. and about 300 C. and pressures ranging from about 500 p.s.i. to about 7,000 p.-s.i. as disclosed in US. Patents 2,683,141 and 2,504,400 of Michael Erchak, Jr.
• the oxidized polyethylene wax as described is emulsified in water by known methods using any suitable emulsifying agent.
• any suitable emulsifying agent In general, I prefer to melt the polyethylene wax together with the emulsifying agent and then pour the melted wax gradually with stirring into hot water at a temperature slightly below the boiling temperature. Concentration of the wax component in the emulsion is not critical, and will be adjusted to provide the desired coat weight on the yarn under the particular application conditions employed. Concentrations between about 5% and about 20% are suitable, and between about 10% and about 15% are preferred.
• the oxidized polyethylene wax emulsion is applied to yarn either undrawn or drawn, in any of the conventional ways of applying yarn finishes.
• a satisfactory manner of ⁇ applyingthe coating is by feeding the emulsion to a trough euqipped with a rotatable roll dipping therein, and passing the yarn in contact with this roll at a relative speed with respect to the rate of rotation of the roll adjusted to provide the desired pick-up of coating by the yarn, for example, between-about 1% and about 6% pick-up of the liquid coating by weight, based on the weight of the yarn.
• the coated yarn may be heated, if desired, to a tem- 3 perature above about 100 C. for a short period, for example, a few seconds, preferably to between about 100 C. and about 135 C. to cause volatilization of part or all of the water in order to prevent shrinkage of the yarn when packaged by winding on cones, etc.
• the amount of oxidized polyethyleen wax remaining on the yarn after the heat treatment should be sufficient to form at least a thin coating on the yarn. Even extremely thin coatings of oxidized polyethylene wax on the yarn result in significant reduction of the fibre to fibre friction of such yarns when fabricated into rope. Thus quantities equivalent to as little was about 0.05% the weight of the finished yarn impart excellent durability properties to the yarn. -I prefer, however, to apply. sufficient emulsion to produce coatings of between about .05% and about 2% by weight of the finished yarn. Larger proportions may be applied, up to or more, if desired.
• the oxidized polyethylene wax emulsion may be applied to the yarn either alone, or together with other additives commonly applied to yarns as yarn finishes to improve their processability, for example, anti-static agents, mineral oil, silicones, etc.
• My coating differs from the usual spin finish additives, however, in that it produces a permanent finish rather than being washed out and removed as are the usual spin finishes applied for improving process-ability.
• Any suitable emulsifying agent may be used in preparing the oxidized polyethylene wax emulsions used in the process of my invention.
• Mixtures of higher fatty acids for example C to C saturated aliphatic acids with volatile amines such as morpholine, methoxy propyl: amine, 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol, etc. may be used as emulsifiers as may also the long chain alkyl aryl sulfonates such as 'keryl benzene sodium sulfonate, dodecyl benzene sodium sulfonate, alkyl aryl polyether alcohols.
• Also useful are the general class of non-ionic emulsifiers especially the condensation products of ethylene oxide with hydrophobic material such as a long chain aliphatic alcohol, acid, ester, ether or alkyl phenol. These products are characterized by containing as the hydrophilic portion of the molecule, a plurality of oxyethylene moieties as illustrated in the fromulas below.
• R is an alkyl group having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkyl phenol residue wherein the alkyl group contains from 6 to 13 carbon atoms inclusive and wherein x is at least 4 especially between about 6 and about 40.
• Triton X100 wherein R is an alkyl phenol residue wherein the alkyl group is isooctyl and wherein x is 7 to 9
• Triton X-102 wherein R is an isooctyl phenol iresidue and x is 11
• Tergitol NPX wherein R is ethylhexyl phenol residue and x is 8 to 9, Neutronic 600 wherein R is nonyl phenol residue and x is 9
• Emulphor ELN wherein R is dodecyl phenol residue and x is 19.
• R-O (CH CH O CI-I CH OH wherein R is an alkyl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 4 i040 inclusive.
• a commercial product which is an example of this group is Brij 30 in which R is lauryl and x is believed to be 10.
• German Patent 965,722 issued June 19, 1957.
• emulsifier based on the weight of the oxidized polyethylene wax.
• the resulting treated continuous filament yarns are thus supplied with a coating of oxidized polyethylene wax evenly distributed upon the surface of the yarn and tenaciously adhering thereto forming a Water resistant coating which imparts to the yarn in addition to water resistance a low degree of fibre to fibre friction such that development of internal heat is insufficient to cause excessive disorientation and water erosion of the filaments.
• the resulting oxidized polyethylene wax-coated yarns are especially adapted for fabrication into ropes of unusually high wet strength, by well known commercial processes.
• the yarns are given a slight twist, for example /2 turn per inch.
• Ropes are prepared from such yarns by a multi-stage process, the steps of which may vary somewhat depending on the type of rope desired.
• the first step involves forming strands by laying together a plurality of rope yarns, for example, 70-80 or more, in a left hand direction, i.e.'with an S or left hand lay or twist.
• the next step involves plying the desired number of the above strands, usually 3 or more, to form a rope with a Z twist or right lay in which, in general, no previously imparted twists are lost, and on occasion, additional twisting is produced.
• This procedure results in a finished rope r of linear structure composed of a limited number, usually 3 to 9 laid or twisted strands which strands are made up of a plurality of plies of twisted yarn, and in which the yarn is made up of a plurality of continuous filaments.
• EXAMPLE 1 An aqueous emulsion of polyethylene wax of the following composition was prepared by melting the wax and the emulsifier togetherat .250 F., then cooling to 230 F. With the melt temperature at 230 F. the melt was added gradually with stirring to water which had been heated to just below boiling temperature.
• the oxidized polyethylene was a polyethylene/alkanol telomer wax having an average molecular weight between about 1,000 and about 2,000, an oxygen content of about 3%, melting .point 213-221 F. and acid number 14-17.
• the resulting emulsion was allowed to cool to room temperature and was placed in a trough into which dipped a rotatable finish roll.
• an 840 denier, drawn nylon 6 yarn which had been treated with a conventional anti-static finish was passed over the rotating roll as the yarn Was being unwound from a pirn and wound on a parallel package, at a rate so as to pick upabout 4% of liquid emulsion based on the weight of the yarn.
• the yarn was then heated to C. to evaporate water and emulsifier and distribute the wax evenly over the yarn, leaving about 0.67% of solids on the yarn.
• the resulting coated yarn was subjected to tests to determine fibre to fibre friction according to the method described by Schlatter, Olney and Baer in Textile Research Journal, vol. XXIX, pp. 200-210 (March 1959).
• treated yarn was hung at a 180 contact angle over a inch diameter pin which had been wrapped with similarly treated yarn.
• One end of the yarn was weighted (T The other end was fastened to the shaft of a constant rpm. drive.
• the frictional drag (T was recorded on a tensorneter located between the pin and the drive as the yarn was pulled over the pin at a speed of 1 /2 inch per minute.
• T T is a measure of the frictional force produced.
• the untreated yarn exhibited decided stick-slip phenomena in all cases except at the lower level of initial load in the yarn as drawn. None of the treated yarns exhibited the stick-slip phenomenon.
• EXAMPLE 2 In a second test the oxidized polyethylene wax emulsion described in Example 1 above was modified by the addition thereto of 0.5 part of a 10% water solution of a conventional anti-static agent and 0.5 part of 10% mineral oil in water emulsion. This composition was applied to drawn 840 denier nylon yarn in the same manner as in Example 1, with results shown in Table 11 below.
• An oxidized polyethylene wax emulsion was prepared as described in Example 1, producing an emulsion of the following composition 1 Percent by weight 1 Triton X-100, 1.e., condensation product of isooctyl phenol with 7-9 moles of ethylene oxide.
• the emulsion was placed in a trough having a rotatable roll dipping therein. Over this roll was passed an 840 denier drawn nylon 6 continuous filament yarn which had already been coated with a standard spin f nish. The relative speeds of the roll and yarn travel were adjusted so that the yarn picked up an amount of wet coating equivalent to 2% the weight of the yarn. The yarn was then heated to 125 C. for about one second to remove excess water. The yarn was then cooled to about 25". C.
• the above treated yarn was then fabricated into rope of the marine hawser type of 5 /2 inches circumference by a standard commercial rope making process.
• the strength tests were determined ner on an lnstron tester.
• the Wet Repeat test was conducted by placing the rope specimen, under tension, between a bolted cross pin and a cross pin attached to the piston rod of an air cylinder. Asthe' piston rod makes the outward stroke, the specimen becomes slack and is dipped into a water tank free of tension, permitting water to penetrate into the rope. After about 10 to 15 strokes, the rope specimen is loaded at 30% of the breaking strength which is controlled by air pressure delivered to the cylinder. The cyclic strokes are continued and are recorded on a counter.
• EXAMPLE 4 Samples of inch diameter rope made by a standard commercial process from 856 denier nylon 6 yarn coated with a 0.6% solids coating of emulsifiable oxidized polyethylene wax applied as described in Example 3 above, were subjected, in comparison with a similar rope made from a yarn identical in all respects except for omission of the oxidized polyethylene wax treatment, to the wetrepeat loading test described in Example 3, to test its durability as compared to rope from untreated yarn.
• oxidized polyethylene wax as an aqueous emulsion it may be dissolved in any of theusual hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon solvents in which it is soluble at elevated temperatures and applied hot to the yarn as a coating or finish in a manner similar to that used in applying the emulsion, evaporating the solvent and cooling the thus coated yarn.
• Suitable solvents include toluene, xylene, V.M. & P. naphtha, trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, cyclohexanone, turpentine, etc.
• a process for increasing the durability of a synthetic continuous filament yarn which comprises applying to said yarn a water-resistant coating of an oxidized polyethylene wax having an average molecular weight between about 1,000 and about 3,000 and an oxygen content between about 3% and about 9% by weight.
• a process for increasing the wet-durability of a synthetic continuous filament nylon yarn which comprises applying to said yarn an aqueous emulsion of an oxidized polyethylene wax having an average molecular weight between about 1,000 and about 3,000 and containing between about-3% and about 6% oxygen by weight, and thereafter heating said yarn to a temperature between about C. and about C., thereby providing a water resistant coating on said yarn.
• a process for increasing the durability of a synthetic, continuous filamentyarn which comprises applying as a coating to said yarn a liquid dispersion of a readily emulsifiable oxidized polyethylene wax having an average molecular weight between about 1,000 and about 3,000 and an acid number between about 10 and about 50, and thereafter removing the liquid to form a waterresistant coating.
• a rope consisting essentially of a plurality of laid strands composed of a plurality of oppositely laid continuous filament yarns, said yarns having a water-resistant coating thereon of a readily emulsifiable oxidized polyethylene wax having an average molecular weight between about 1,000 and about 3,000 and an acid number between about 10 and about 50.
• a synthetic continuous filament yarn having a coating thereon of an oxidized polyethylene wax having an average molecular weight between about 1,000 and about 3,000 and an oxygen content between about 3% and about 9% by weight.
• a rope consisting essentially of a plurality of laid strands composed of a plurality of continuous filament yarns, said yarns having a water-resistant coating thereon of an oxidized polyethylene wax having an average molecular weight between about 1,000 and about 3,000 and oxygen content between about 3% and about 9% by weight, the oxidized polyethylene wax being present on the yarn in an amount equal to between about-0.05% and about 2% by weight of the yarn.

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  • NL NL269149D patent/NL269149A/xx unknown
  • US US3103448D patent/US3103448A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1961
  • 1961-08-23 GB GB30454/61A patent/GB932077A/en not_active Expired
  • 1961-09-07 CH CH1041161A patent/CH420918A/de unknown
  • 1961-09-11 DE DEA38305A patent/DE1158474B/de active Pending

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