US3099594A - Method for blooming filter tow - Google Patents

Method for blooming filter tow Download PDF

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Publication number
US3099594A
US3099594A US27091A US2709160A US3099594A US 3099594 A US3099594 A US 3099594A US 27091 A US27091 A US 27091A US 2709160 A US2709160 A US 2709160A US 3099594 A US3099594 A US 3099594A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tow
jet
filaments
plasticizer
filter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US27091A
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English (en)
Inventor
James F Caines
Richard F Dyer
Jr James Knox Pannill
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US27091A priority Critical patent/US3099594A/en
Priority to DEE21040A priority patent/DE1192571B/de
Priority to GB44249/64A priority patent/GB986395A/en
Priority to ES0267130A priority patent/ES267130A1/es
Priority to GB16207/61A priority patent/GB986391A/en
Priority to GB3948/64A priority patent/GB986392A/en
Priority to GB3949/64A priority patent/GB986393A/en
Priority to FR860797A priority patent/FR1288543A/fr
Priority to GB44248/64A priority patent/GB986394A/en
Priority to CH532261A priority patent/CH374319A/fr
Priority to ES0270212A priority patent/ES270212A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3099594A publication Critical patent/US3099594A/en
Priority to NL6709098A priority patent/NL6709098A/xx
Priority to NL6709097A priority patent/NL6709097A/xx
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/0204—Preliminary operations before the filter rod forming process, e.g. crimping, blooming
    • A24D3/0212—Applying additives to filter materials
    • A24D3/022—Applying additives to filter materials with liquid additives, e.g. application of plasticisers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a new method and apparatus for processing tow into tobacco smoke filter elements. More particularly, this invention concerns a process and apparatus of the class indicated wherein tow may be manufactured into tobacco smoke filter elements of a high quality with fewer steps and with less apparatus than heretofore required.
  • This invention has for one object to provide a novel and simplified method and apparatus for the manufacture of tobacco smoke filter elements. Another object is to provide a method which does not involve as many steps or require as many apparatus components as heretofore used in the industry to produce filter elements of existing quality. Still another object is to provide a simplified process and apparatus combination for converting filter tow to filter elements which is adaptable to the processing of a wide range of tow deniers. Still a further object is to provide a jet construction specially suitable for processing tow which is being converted to filter elements. Another object is to provide such jet construction equipped with facilities for the introduction of plasticizer or the like 3,099,594 Patented July 30, 1963 "ice 2 addenda into contact with the tow and to prevent the escape thereof in the exhaust from the jet. Other objects will appear hereinafter.
  • a plasticizer in particular or the like or equivalent addenda may be applied to tow substantially at the start of the processing of the tow as, for example, just after the tow is removed from the tow package.
  • the tow is then processed in the circular jet of the present invention whereby the plasticizer or the like addenda are thoroughly and uniformly distributed over and on the tow and the tow suitably bloomed.
  • the tow thus processed is conducted to the filter forming, wrapping and the like steps and excellent filter elements obtained.
  • Procedure in accordance with the present invention is in contrast to prior methods and apparatus wherein the plasticizing or the like treatment is accomplished after considerable mechanical treatment of the tow.
  • the present invention saves operative steps and apparatus parts as well as eliminates the possibility of substantial mechanical abrasion and breaking of filaments.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a process such as may be carried out in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a semidiagrammatic side elevation view of an apparatus combination such as may be used for carrying out the process of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a circular jet such as may be used in carrying out the process of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a side elevation view of a jet construction as in FIG. 3 but wherein the jet has been provided with additional parts for facilitating the introduction of plasticizer.
  • FIG. 5 is a side elevation view somwhat similar to FIG. 4 but wherein the jet is shown in section for better illustrating wherein the addenda adding conduits and the like parts may be associated with the jet.
  • FIG. 6 is a side elevation view somewhat of a schematic nature for illustrating the combination of preferred plasticizing apparatus parts in association with the circular jet of the instant invention.
  • the process of the present invention may be seen to consist primarily of the combination step of blooming and creation of adhesive attitude preceded and followed by tow feed steps.
  • FIGURE 1 of the aforementioned Patent 2,794,480 it can be seen that simplification and combination of functions have been effected by combining the opening step and eliminating the fluffin-g step shown therein.
  • a continuous multifilament crimped tow 1 is withdrawn from supply package 2 over guide 3 by feed roll pair 4. It passes, under tension generated by the suction of blooming jet 6, over suitable plasticizer applicator(s) 5 into said blooming jet 6.
  • suitable plasticizer applicator(s) 5 into said blooming jet 6.
  • it is subjected to an explosive expansion of compresed air in a specially adapted venturi nozzle described in more detail hereinafter.
  • the tow as it is bloomed is subjected by means hereinafter described to a spray or fog of an atomized liquid which is a plasticizer for the tow being processed.
  • the plasticized tow is expelled from the jet under the influence of the expanding air flow and passes to feed rolls 7.
  • Feed roll pair 7 is operated at a somewhat slower speed than roll pair 4- so that the tow is in a state of relaxation or under the very minimum of tension between jet 6 and roll pair 7.
  • the tow then advances to a stuffing jet 8 as described in Wexler US. application Serial No. 761,602 or as in Crawford and Stevens US. Patent 2,794,480 and then to a cigaretting machine 9.
  • venturi jets of conventional design are not effective in blooming and debundleizing continuous multifilament tow containing several thousand highly crimped filaments in the order of 0.6 to 16 denier per filament.
  • the venturi throat length to diameter ratio was increased drastically to a ratio of about 6 to 1.
  • the exit flare or diverging portion of the nozzle should have an included angle of about 3 to 5 degrees rather than 7 to '10 degrees. It might also be pointed out that -use of just a long straight tube with no divergent exit angle gives poor blooming and debundleizing action.
  • the venturi tube design is of some importance to obtain optimum tow blooming and complete debundleizing or separation of the individual filaments from each other.
  • the jet is composed of an outside shell '10 containing several inner members 11, 13 and 14 held in place by threaded plugs 12 and 15.
  • a passageway '16 extends through the jet device so that the continuous multifilament crimped tow may be passed from the entrance 17 in member 11 to an exit 18 in member 14.
  • the passageway in member 11 form diameter.
  • the outer surface 19 of the lower end of member 11 is conical in shape with an included angle of about 40 to 80' degrees, for providing, in conjunction with the tapered surface 20 of thin plate orifice plate 13, an annular orifice or passageway for metering the air floiw into the venturi tube member 14.
  • the venturi tube member 14 is provided with a converging entrance section 21 of about 30 to 40 degrees included angle, and in series a straight cylindrical tube passage 22 having a length of from 2 to times the inside diameter of the passage 22, and a flaring or divergingexit section 23 with an included angle of from 2 to 7 angle.
  • this portion of the jet is of considerable importance to assure a maximum opening or blooming effect on the tow. If the length of the uniform passage 22 is too short, or the exit angle of passageway 23 is too great, less than optimum blooming will result. Likewise, if passage 23 has little or no exit angle flare, the blooming of the tow will also be poor. Best results are obtained when the length of passageway 22 is about six times its inside diameter and the included angle of the exit passage 23 is about 3 to 5 degrees.
  • the inside diameter of passageway 22 should be about 0.75" for a tow of about 37,000 denier size and should be about 163% of the diameter of the orifice plate orifice 20 and 400% of the inside diameter of the passageway 16 in inlet tube '11.
  • the taper 19 of tube 11 should be about 60 degrees and about 30 degrees less than the angle of the taper of the orifice 20 in plate 13 which should be about 90 degrees.
  • the passageways in the jet be in accurate concentric and axial alignment to insure uniform impingement of the air on the tow around the periphery of the tow and to insure a minimum of turbulence and swirling or twisting of the air is substantially of uniflow. If the air flow swirls, it will tend to twist the tow, thus compacting it rather than blooming it and separating the filaments from each other.
  • Air is provided to the jet shell 10 through one or more openings 24 and 24' to an annular chamber formed by the outer surface of inlet member 11 and shell 10 and sealed at one end by threaded plug 12. It has been found that, while one inlet 24 is often adequate, better air flow distribution can be obtained with two or more openings equi-spaced around the shell periphery.
  • the air from the chamber 25 then impinges on the tow by passing through the annular orifice formed by the tapered portion 19 of inlet tube 11 and the tapered opening 20 in orifice plate 13.
  • a plurality of flat spring fingers 2.6, 26, 26 and others are positioned equidistant around the outer surface of the venturi member 14 and extend beyond the end of the member 14 a distance of 3" to 8".
  • the fingers 26' are curled slightly outward at 27 to avoid snagging the tow, are slidable axially on the member 14, and are held in place by a clamp ring 28 and suitable thumb screw tightening means 29.
  • the force to spring the fingers outward is adjustable by moving the clamp 28 closer to or farther away from the end 18 of the member 14.
  • the effect of these fingers is to retard the exit of the tow from the jet and cause a temporary pile-up of a mass of disoriented filaments through which the exhaust air from the jet must pass.
  • This serves two functions. First, the kinetic energy of the exhaust air causes some further debundleizing of the tow filaments, promoting better blooming of the tow. Secondly, the exhaust air is highly filtered by the tow bundle at this point so that any plasticizer not previously deposited and distributed on the tow filaments is now deposited and distributed. Thus the need for a hood and exhaust system to remove any plasticizer from the exhaust air is eliminated.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown a modification of the basic circular jet described in FIG. 3 whereby the plasticizer or like material may be incorporated on the tow as the tow passes through the jet.
  • the air supply line 30 to the circular jet 6 has connected in series along its length a pressure regulator 31 and a liquid atomizing unit 32. After leaving the atomizer unit 32 the air line is branched at 33 to provide as many smaller air supply connections as required by the jet shell 10.
  • the plasticizer liquid in the form of an aerosol generated in the atomizer 32 is conveyed in the air to the jet 6 and impinges along with the air on the tow as it passes through the jet orifice plate.
  • FIG. 5 wherein there is shown another type modification of the circular jet whereby the plasticizer may be introduced directly into the jet and onto the tow being processed therein.
  • a plurality of metering gear pumps 36, 36 and as" are connected to a supply tank 35 of plasticizer liquid.
  • the down-stream side of each pump is connected through pipe lines 37, 37 and 3/7, to a capillary tube probe having a small opening at the entrance end.
  • One or more of these probes 38 and 39 are positioned in the exit flare of the venturi member 14.
  • One or more other probles 40 are located in the tow entrance tube 11 and discharge near the orifice plate 13. As the plasticizer emerges from these probes it is distributed by the high velocity jet air onto the tow filamerits.
  • FIG. 6 figure in certain respects corresponds with FIG. 2 and represents the preferred apparatus and process embodiment of the instant invention.
  • two metering gear pumps '56 and 56 are connected to a supply tank 55 of plasticizer.
  • the output of these pumps is connected by flexible hose or tubing 50 and 50 to slit tube applicators 51 and 51'.
  • the tube applicators are stainless tubing having a narrow 0.01 to 0.06 slit cut longitudinally along one side.
  • the tubes are sealed at each end by end plates. One end plate is provided with a threaded connection to the flexible tubing 50.
  • the slits may be covered with thin felt and/ or a fine mesh screen to help evenly distribute the flow of the plasticizer along the len th of the slits.
  • the hollow tube applicators are rigidly fastened to an arm 62; pivoted about the axle 63. At one end of the 'arm 62 the piston rod of an air cylinder 64 or solenoid is connected with a hinge pin. The cylinder is anchored to the machine frame by a hinge pin at 65 The slot tube applicators are so mounted that one slot faces generally downward and the other generally upward. The tow 71 passes under the downward facing slot 51 and over the upward facing slot 51, snubbing 5 to 30 on each slot tube.
  • the air cylinder or solenoid 64 is coordinated with the start-stop means of the tow blooming apparatus to rotate the slot tubes counterclockwise out of contact with the tow when the machine is stopped and clockwise into contact as the machine is started. This prevents wicking of too much plasticizer onto spots on the tow when the machine is at rest.
  • the tow passes over the straight tube applicators as a fiat ribbon about 2" to 6" wide and as it enters the jet 75 is compacted into a cylindrical form.
  • any local point in the crosssection of the tow has filaments that did receive plasticizer.
  • the amount of plasticizer on these filaments is in general in excess of that required to bond the filaments together adequately.
  • the excess plasticizer on hese filaments is blown olf and impinges on the filaments that did not pick up plasticizer in passing over the applicator slots.
  • an aerosol of plasticizer is generated within the jet and an essentially completely uniform plasticizer distribution is achieved on all filaments in the tow by the time it emerges from the jet.
  • the large mass of bloomed filaments retarded by the spring fingers 26, 26, etc. (FIG. 2) at the exit of the venturi tube 14 insures that only an insignificant amount or no plasticizer will escape to the atmosphere.
  • Example I Filter rods were made by the round venturi jet of this invention using the general apparatus setup of FIG. 2 and the plasticizer application apparatus of FIG. 4 and using 37,000 denier tow containing about 23,200 filaments having an average size of 1.6 denier.
  • filter rods were made of the same tow using the slot venturi apparatus and method of Dyer et al. application Serial No. 736,900. Also, a comparison was made with the tension blooming method of the prior art with a 72,000 denier, 2.0 denier per filament tow.
  • the physical characteristics of the filter rods and the processing comments were as follows:
  • Example 111 Example II was repeated using the slot tube applicator of FIG. 6. The plasticizer was applied with a uniformity equal to that generally obtained with a spray booth and banded tow. Rod hardness was acceptable. No differences in filtration properties were noted compared to the rods obtained by this invention in the above examples.
  • Example IV Filter rods were made using the round venturi jet of this invention and employing the general apparatus setup of FIG. 2, using the flat spring fingers 26, 26, 26" and other parts (see FIG. 3).
  • a 1.6 denier per filament tow of 18,500 total denier was processed in said apparatus to produce filter rods having a pressure drop of 16.7 inches of water and satisfactory hardness, circumference, and tar removal efiiciency.
  • the Weight of tow contained in the subject rods was 7% less than the weight of rods of comparable properties prepared by the method of Dyer et al. Serial No. 736,900, referred to above.
  • Example V Filter rods were prepared from 3 D./F., 33,000 total denier tow using the general apparatus setup of FIG. 2 including the round venturi jet of this invention and the flat spring fingers of FIG. 3. Rods of satisfactory hardness, appearance and circumference were produced at a pressure drop of 12.0 inches of water having a tar removal eificiency of 29.7%. Filter rods produced by the mechanical '(roll) method of the prior art from a 3 D./F., 80,000 total denier tow at the same pressure drop contained 24% more tow for a tar removal elficiency of 29.0%, namely for a removal about the same as the filters of the present invention.
  • Example VI A tow containing 9,000 filaments averaging approximately 5.0 denier was used to prepare filter rods using the apparatus of FIG. 2, especially the round venturi jet of this invention, and the flat spring fingers of FIG. 3. At a pressure drop of 9.4 inches of Water, which is comparable to that of a 5 D./F., 85,000 total denier tow processed into a filter rod of similar dimensions using the tension blooming method of the prior art, a rod weight of 0.810 gram was found to be associated with satisfactory hardness and appearance. The filter rod produced by prior art tension blooming from 5 D./F., 85,000 total denier tow at equal pressure drop weighed 0.965 gram, or 19.0% more.
  • any of the usually used plasticizers may be employed in the present invention. That is, plasticizers such as triacetin, tripropionin, etc. may be employed.
  • the exact addena incorporated is not a limitation on the instant invention and will depend to some extent on the characteristics of the particular filter tow which is being processed in the apparatus and the type of filter element or rod which it is desired to be produced.
  • the present invention has been illustrated by describing the treatment of cellulose acetate filter tows made up of filaments of a denier per filament of the order of .6-16, as this is the type of filter tow most frequently used in the industry at the present time, the instant invention may be applied to tows or filament bundles of fila ments other than cellulose acetate.
  • filament bundles or tows of polyester fibers and polyolefin fibers may be processed in a somewhat similar manner.
  • the addenda applied to 5 the crimped filaments may comprise a liquid monomer which will serve to bond the filaments at suitable points, areas or zones as the filaments pass through subsequent filter forming steps.
  • the amount of air pressure applied to the circular jet may and is for economical reasons usually kept to a reasonably low value. However, if desired, the pressure may be extended over the range of 5 to 90 p.s.i.
  • the improvement feature which comprises applying an addendum to the filaments, passing the filaments thus treated with addendum through a jet whereby the addendum is distributed over the filaments and the filaments put out of registry and retarding the exit of the filaments from said jet.
  • the improvement feature which comprises applying an addendum to the filaments, passing the filaments thus treated with addendum into a jet supplied with high velocity gas whereby the addendum is further distributed on the filaments and the crimp in the filaments put out of registry and retarding the exit of the filaments from said jet so that the retarded filaments act as a filter thereby filtering out addendum from gas exhausted from the jet.
  • the improvement feature which comprises passing said filaments into and through .a jet supplied with high velocity gas which gas acts upon the filaments, retarding the exit of the filaments from the jet immediately adjacent the exit from the jet whereby said retarded filaments may act as a filter for the gas exhausted from the jet.
  • filaments are initially comprised of cellulose acetate of a denier per filament of the order of 1.6 to 5.0 and a total denier of the order of 37,000 to 85,000.
  • the filament bundle is a tow of crimped cellulose acetate filaments
  • the addendum is a plasticizer for cellulose acetate
  • the barrier means comprises spring fingers.
  • a process of manufacturing filter elements from tow which comprises withdrawing the tow from a supply thereof in the form of a narrow tow ribbon applying plastioizer to the ribbon then passing the ribbon into and through a circular jet supplied with a fluid in relatively streamline flow in the direction of advancement of the tow ribbon whereby the tow ribbon is opened up to some extent, retarding the exit of the blown tow from the jet whereby plasticizer is prevented from blowing off the tow into the surrounding environment and conducting the blown tow in a relaxed condition to further steps including the compacting thereof into the desired shape.

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  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
US27091A 1960-05-05 1960-05-05 Method for blooming filter tow Expired - Lifetime US3099594A (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US27091A US3099594A (en) 1960-05-05 1960-05-05 Method for blooming filter tow
DEE21040A DE1192571B (de) 1960-05-05 1961-05-03 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Filterstraengen aus einem Buendel gekraeuselter Faeden
FR860797A FR1288543A (fr) 1960-05-05 1961-05-04 Procédé et machine pour la fabrication de filtres pour la fumée de tabac et nouveaux filtres obtenus
GB16207/61A GB986391A (en) 1960-05-05 1961-05-04 Improvements in or relating to the treatment of filamentary tow
GB3948/64A GB986392A (en) 1960-05-05 1961-05-04 Improvements in or relating to the treatment of filamentary tow
GB3949/64A GB986393A (en) 1960-05-05 1961-05-04 Improvements in or relating to the treatment of filamentary tow
GB44249/64A GB986395A (en) 1960-05-05 1961-05-04 Addendum applying device
GB44248/64A GB986394A (en) 1960-05-05 1961-05-04 Jet device
ES0267130A ES267130A1 (es) 1960-05-05 1961-05-04 Un procedimiento para manufacturar elementos de filtro
CH532261A CH374319A (fr) 1960-05-05 1961-05-05 Procédé de fabrication de filtres à fumée de tabac et appareil pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
ES0270212A ES270212A1 (es) 1960-05-05 1961-09-01 Un aparato simplificado para convertir un manojo de filamentos en un elemento de filtro
NL6709098A NL6709098A (instruction) 1960-05-05 1967-06-29
NL6709097A NL6709097A (instruction) 1960-05-05 1967-06-29

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US27091A US3099594A (en) 1960-05-05 1960-05-05 Method for blooming filter tow

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US3099594A true US3099594A (en) 1963-07-30

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US27091A Expired - Lifetime US3099594A (en) 1960-05-05 1960-05-05 Method for blooming filter tow

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US (1) US3099594A (instruction)
CH (1) CH374319A (instruction)
DE (1) DE1192571B (instruction)
ES (2) ES267130A1 (instruction)
GB (5) GB986395A (instruction)
NL (2) NL6709098A (instruction)

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US3220061A (en) * 1963-06-06 1965-11-30 Celanese Corp Tow spreading apparatus
US3253969A (en) * 1963-04-30 1966-05-31 Eastman Kodak Co Process for making cigarette filter rods from crimped continuous filaments
US3258823A (en) * 1962-02-20 1966-07-05 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for pre-processing tow
US3258825A (en) * 1962-03-26 1966-07-05 Eastman Kodak Co Methods for the production of highshrink modacrylic yarn
US3262178A (en) * 1963-06-12 1966-07-26 Eastman Kodak Co Tow treating apparatus
US3279024A (en) * 1964-09-24 1966-10-18 Teijin Ltd Method and apparatus for making bulky continuous filament yarn
US3281913A (en) * 1964-08-10 1966-11-01 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus and method for handling yarn bundles
US3297506A (en) * 1962-10-08 1967-01-10 Eastman Kodak Co Process and apparatus for blooming tow
US3296677A (en) * 1963-05-20 1967-01-10 Eastman Kodak Co Crimping apparatus and process
US3338777A (en) * 1966-05-11 1967-08-29 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Fiber glass mat and method of making same
US3343240A (en) * 1963-12-27 1967-09-26 Snia Viscosa Method and apparatus for bulking synthetic fibers
US3346682A (en) * 1962-03-16 1967-10-10 Du Pont Method for making a filtering medium from plexifilamentary material
US3365346A (en) * 1963-12-11 1968-01-23 Eastman Kodak Co Method for treatment of tow
US3373470A (en) * 1961-02-08 1968-03-19 Rhodiaceta Process for crimping yarn
US3413697A (en) * 1966-02-28 1968-12-03 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for production of high-shrink yarn
US3430295A (en) * 1965-04-01 1969-03-04 Olaf George Dixon Process of opening tow
US3438105A (en) * 1966-09-23 1969-04-15 Rhodiaceta Process for crimping thermoplastic yarns
US3463688A (en) * 1964-07-22 1969-08-26 Eastman Kodak Co Fibrous element
US3530660A (en) * 1965-07-12 1970-09-29 Fiber Industries Inc Manufacturing a mechanically crimped yarn and products thereof
US4005566A (en) * 1968-07-16 1977-02-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process and apparatus for imparting coherence to tow
DE2545590A1 (de) * 1975-10-11 1977-04-14 Bayer Ag Duesenvorrichtung zur herstellung texturierter filamentgarne
DE2631393A1 (de) * 1976-07-13 1978-01-19 Bayer Ag Duesenvorrichtung zur herstellung texturierter filamentgarne
DE3337007T1 (de) * 1982-03-19 1984-02-23 Eastman Kodak Co. (n.d.Ges.d. Staates New Jersey), 14650 Rochester, N.Y. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur verbesserten pneumatischen Auflockerung von Faserkabeln
US4472224A (en) * 1982-10-29 1984-09-18 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Opening of cigarette filter tow and jet therefore
US4476807A (en) * 1983-02-18 1984-10-16 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for application of additives to cigarette filter tow
US4522616A (en) * 1982-03-10 1985-06-11 Celanese Corporation Method and apparatus for forming cigarette filter rods
US4525385A (en) * 1983-02-18 1985-06-25 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Application of additives to cigarette filter tow
US4541825A (en) * 1982-12-27 1985-09-17 Celanese Corporation Low air pressure method and apparatus for forming filter rods
US4549875A (en) * 1983-06-02 1985-10-29 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
US4655230A (en) * 1985-03-29 1987-04-07 Celanese Corporation Localized liquid additive applicator system for continuous cylindrical product
US4699606A (en) * 1986-08-18 1987-10-13 Celanese Corporation Apparatus for detecting and/or controlling tension of a moving web, for example, a filamentary tow utilized in the production of cigarette filters
US4752348A (en) * 1985-03-29 1988-06-21 Celanese Corporation Localized liquid additive applicator system for continuous cylindrical product
US4768526A (en) * 1983-06-02 1988-09-06 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco smoke filters
US4798570A (en) * 1982-12-09 1989-01-17 Hercules Incorporated Process for preparing filter rods
US4850301A (en) * 1988-04-04 1989-07-25 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for applying liquid additives to a continuous, multifilament tow
EP0466321A1 (en) * 1990-06-04 1992-01-15 WM. T. BURNETT & CO., INC. Process and apparatus for blowing continuous filament tow
US5634405A (en) * 1995-07-27 1997-06-03 Union Camp Patent Holding Co. Methods for removing ink from polymeric substrates
US6253431B1 (en) 1999-10-25 2001-07-03 Celanese Acetate Llc Air opening jet apparatus
US6543106B1 (en) 1999-10-25 2003-04-08 Celanese Acetate, Llc Apparatus, method and system for air opening of textile tow and opened textile tow web produced thereby
WO2013081024A1 (ja) 2011-11-29 2013-06-06 株式会社ダイセル 長尺状繊維トウの開繊物の製造装置
US8623248B2 (en) 2011-11-16 2014-01-07 Celanese Acetate Llc Methods for producing nonwoven materials from continuous tow bands
CN112930121A (zh) * 2018-12-06 2021-06-08 菲利普莫里斯生产公司 包括文丘里元件的气溶胶生成系统

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GB1075963A (en) * 1963-06-04 1967-07-19 United States Filter Corp Improvements in and relating to porous fibrous bodies

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US3373470A (en) * 1961-02-08 1968-03-19 Rhodiaceta Process for crimping yarn
US3258823A (en) * 1962-02-20 1966-07-05 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for pre-processing tow
US3346682A (en) * 1962-03-16 1967-10-10 Du Pont Method for making a filtering medium from plexifilamentary material
US3258825A (en) * 1962-03-26 1966-07-05 Eastman Kodak Co Methods for the production of highshrink modacrylic yarn
US3297506A (en) * 1962-10-08 1967-01-10 Eastman Kodak Co Process and apparatus for blooming tow
US3253969A (en) * 1963-04-30 1966-05-31 Eastman Kodak Co Process for making cigarette filter rods from crimped continuous filaments
US3296677A (en) * 1963-05-20 1967-01-10 Eastman Kodak Co Crimping apparatus and process
US3220061A (en) * 1963-06-06 1965-11-30 Celanese Corp Tow spreading apparatus
US3262178A (en) * 1963-06-12 1966-07-26 Eastman Kodak Co Tow treating apparatus
US3365346A (en) * 1963-12-11 1968-01-23 Eastman Kodak Co Method for treatment of tow
US3343240A (en) * 1963-12-27 1967-09-26 Snia Viscosa Method and apparatus for bulking synthetic fibers
US3463688A (en) * 1964-07-22 1969-08-26 Eastman Kodak Co Fibrous element
US3281913A (en) * 1964-08-10 1966-11-01 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus and method for handling yarn bundles
US3279024A (en) * 1964-09-24 1966-10-18 Teijin Ltd Method and apparatus for making bulky continuous filament yarn
US3430295A (en) * 1965-04-01 1969-03-04 Olaf George Dixon Process of opening tow
US3530660A (en) * 1965-07-12 1970-09-29 Fiber Industries Inc Manufacturing a mechanically crimped yarn and products thereof
US3413697A (en) * 1966-02-28 1968-12-03 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for production of high-shrink yarn
US3338777A (en) * 1966-05-11 1967-08-29 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Fiber glass mat and method of making same
US3438105A (en) * 1966-09-23 1969-04-15 Rhodiaceta Process for crimping thermoplastic yarns
US4005566A (en) * 1968-07-16 1977-02-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process and apparatus for imparting coherence to tow
DE2545590A1 (de) * 1975-10-11 1977-04-14 Bayer Ag Duesenvorrichtung zur herstellung texturierter filamentgarne
DE2631393A1 (de) * 1976-07-13 1978-01-19 Bayer Ag Duesenvorrichtung zur herstellung texturierter filamentgarne
US4522616A (en) * 1982-03-10 1985-06-11 Celanese Corporation Method and apparatus for forming cigarette filter rods
DE3337007T1 (de) * 1982-03-19 1984-02-23 Eastman Kodak Co. (n.d.Ges.d. Staates New Jersey), 14650 Rochester, N.Y. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur verbesserten pneumatischen Auflockerung von Faserkabeln
US4472224A (en) * 1982-10-29 1984-09-18 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Opening of cigarette filter tow and jet therefore
US4798570A (en) * 1982-12-09 1989-01-17 Hercules Incorporated Process for preparing filter rods
US4541825A (en) * 1982-12-27 1985-09-17 Celanese Corporation Low air pressure method and apparatus for forming filter rods
EP0117138A3 (en) * 1983-02-18 1987-02-25 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for applying additives to a filter tow
US4476807A (en) * 1983-02-18 1984-10-16 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for application of additives to cigarette filter tow
US4525385A (en) * 1983-02-18 1985-06-25 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Application of additives to cigarette filter tow
US4549875A (en) * 1983-06-02 1985-10-29 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
US4768526A (en) * 1983-06-02 1988-09-06 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco smoke filters
US4655230A (en) * 1985-03-29 1987-04-07 Celanese Corporation Localized liquid additive applicator system for continuous cylindrical product
US4752348A (en) * 1985-03-29 1988-06-21 Celanese Corporation Localized liquid additive applicator system for continuous cylindrical product
US4699606A (en) * 1986-08-18 1987-10-13 Celanese Corporation Apparatus for detecting and/or controlling tension of a moving web, for example, a filamentary tow utilized in the production of cigarette filters
US4850301A (en) * 1988-04-04 1989-07-25 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for applying liquid additives to a continuous, multifilament tow
EP0466321A1 (en) * 1990-06-04 1992-01-15 WM. T. BURNETT & CO., INC. Process and apparatus for blowing continuous filament tow
US5634405A (en) * 1995-07-27 1997-06-03 Union Camp Patent Holding Co. Methods for removing ink from polymeric substrates
US6253431B1 (en) 1999-10-25 2001-07-03 Celanese Acetate Llc Air opening jet apparatus
US6543106B1 (en) 1999-10-25 2003-04-08 Celanese Acetate, Llc Apparatus, method and system for air opening of textile tow and opened textile tow web produced thereby
US8623248B2 (en) 2011-11-16 2014-01-07 Celanese Acetate Llc Methods for producing nonwoven materials from continuous tow bands
WO2013081024A1 (ja) 2011-11-29 2013-06-06 株式会社ダイセル 長尺状繊維トウの開繊物の製造装置
US8887359B2 (en) 2011-11-29 2014-11-18 Daicel Corporation Apparatus for manufacturing opening matter of long-sized fiber tow
CN112930121A (zh) * 2018-12-06 2021-06-08 菲利普莫里斯生产公司 包括文丘里元件的气溶胶生成系统
CN112930121B (zh) * 2018-12-06 2024-03-26 菲利普莫里斯生产公司 包括文丘里元件的气溶胶生成系统
US12063972B2 (en) 2018-12-06 2024-08-20 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating system comprising venturi element

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB986393A (en) 1965-03-17
NL6709097A (instruction) 1967-09-25
ES270212A1 (es) 1962-03-01
NL6709098A (instruction) 1967-09-25
GB986391A (en) 1965-03-17
CH374319A (fr) 1963-12-31
GB986392A (en) 1965-03-17
GB986395A (en) 1965-03-17
DE1192571B (de) 1965-05-06
GB986394A (en) 1965-03-17
ES267130A1 (es) 1961-12-16

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