US3092727A - Apparatus for the simultaneous observation of an incandescent spot and a relatively cool surrounding area - Google Patents

Apparatus for the simultaneous observation of an incandescent spot and a relatively cool surrounding area Download PDF

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Publication number
US3092727A
US3092727A US87145A US8714561A US3092727A US 3092727 A US3092727 A US 3092727A US 87145 A US87145 A US 87145A US 8714561 A US8714561 A US 8714561A US 3092727 A US3092727 A US 3092727A
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observation
spot
filter
incandescent
surrounding area
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Expired - Lifetime
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US87145A
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Leinhos Roland
Koch Klaus
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Carl Zeiss AG
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Carl Zeiss AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
    • H01J37/3002—Details
    • H01J37/3005—Observing the objects or the point of impact on the object
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0013—Positioning or observing workpieces, e.g. with respect to the impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing electronbeams
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/02—Viewing or reading apparatus
    • G02B27/022—Viewing apparatus
    • G02B27/024—Viewing apparatus comprising a light source, e.g. for viewing photographic slides, X-ray transparancies
    • G02B27/025—Viewing apparatus comprising a light source, e.g. for viewing photographic slides, X-ray transparancies and magnifying means

Definitions

  • Apparatus using a charge carrier beam to work material such as to Weld material, are known to the art.
  • the charge carrier beam is focussed on the material in an impinging beam of small cross sectional area so that the spot on which the beam impinges can be heated rapidly and to very high temperatures.
  • the heated material becomes incandescent while the surrounding area remains dark.
  • the contrast between the incandescent spot and the surrounding area is of the order of 1110,000.
  • the observation is usually performed by television camera or a supericonoscope.
  • the high contrast ratio precludes the necessary accuracy of observation since the electron receivers are able to resolve contrast ratios of about 1:30 only.
  • an object of this invention to provide apparatus for the simultaneous observation of an incandescent spot and the area surrounding the spot.
  • the temperature of the incandescent spot usually ranges upwards to about 3500 C. at the point of contact of the beam.
  • the principal emission of the glowing material at the spot to be welded therefore is in the red and infrared region of the spectrum, while the emission in the blue and violet region is slight.
  • the emission of the secondary light source for the illumination lies precisely in the latter region.
  • the filter in the path of the observation rays passes only shortwave light, i.e. it retains most of the radiation emitted by the glowing material, while the absorption of radiation from the secondary light source is relatively slight.
  • the contrast between the image of the incandescent spot and the cooler surrounding area can be established at a prescribed ratio.
  • a secondary light source emitting a highintensity line in the shortwave region of the spectrum is particularly desirable.
  • a mercury-vapor lamp may be used for illumination, with a blue filter placed in the observation path.
  • a line filter of an interference-layer filter, having a very narrow band-pass may be used instead of the blue filter.
  • the bandpass of this filter would, in this case, correspond to one of the intense lines of the mercury vapor lamp, for instance the line 365 mg. or the line 436 my
  • This new device can be used to particular advantage in carrier beam welding, using a television camera or a supericonoscope for observation of the work.
  • FIGURE is a cross sectional diagrammatic view.
  • an electron-beam generating system comprising a cathode 1, control electrode 2, and plate 3.
  • the electron beam 4 generated by this system passes through the diaphragm 5 and is focussed by means of the electromagnetic lens 6 on the workpieces 8, 9.
  • the workpieces are clamped on the movable stages 10, 111 in the evacuated chamber 7.
  • the movable stages permit displacement of the workpieces 8, 9 in two mutually perpendicular directions. In the case here represented, the two parts 8 and 9 are to be welded together.
  • the stages 10, 11 must be moved so that the electron beam 4 always falls on the seam between the parts 8 and 9.
  • the work chamber 7 and the beam emission chamber 13 are connected by way Olf a pump connection 12 to a vacuum pump, which maintains a high vacuum therein.
  • the work chamber 7 also has 2 other openings, which are hermetically sealed by the glass plates 14 and 15.
  • the mercury vapor lamp 16 serves to illuminate the workpieces 8, 9, and its light is focussed by the lens 17 on the area adjacent to the point of contact of the electron beam 4.
  • the light emitted by the part of the material under observation is tocussed by the mirrors 18 and 19 and the lenses 20 and 21 on the photocathode of the television camera 22.
  • the image may be focussed by vertical displacement of tube 23 and lens 20 mounted therein by the externally actuated gear wheel 24.
  • the rays between the lenses 20 and 21 are parallel.
  • the blue filter 25 is placed in the parallel rays between the lenses 20 and 21. This filter passes, almost completely, the blue portion of the light emitted by the mercury vapor lamp 16. Consequently the illumination of the area surrounding the point of contact of the electron beam 4 is attenuated only slightly. 0n the other hand, most of the light emitted by the incandescent material being heated by the impinging electron beam is stopped by the blue filter 25. In this way the contrast between the hot Workplace and its cold surroundings is reduced to a level no longer critical for television observation.
  • a line filter or interference-layer filter which has a very narrow band-pass, may be used instead of the blue filter 25.
  • Apparatus for simultaneous observation of an incandescent spot and its surroundings comprising a source of light of short wavelength, said wave length being shorter than the wave lengths of the principal emission from said incandescent spot, means to focus said light on the area under observation, said area including said incandescent spot, and means for observing said illuminated area, said observation means including a filter passing only light of said short wavelength, said filter being placed in the path of the observation rays.
  • said observation means includes means to produce an image of the illuminated area of the material on the photocathode of the television camera of said television system.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)

Description

n 1963 R. LEINHOS ETAL APPARATUS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATION OF AN INCANDESCENT SPOT AND A RELATIVELY COOL SURROUNDING AREA Filed Feb. 6, 1961 INVENTORS 1W4 44/17 L M/#08 1 By A; A u s Kac h fl w 4% 1% 44M United States Patent 3,02,727 APPARATUS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS OBSER- VATION OF AN INCANDESCENT SPOT AND A RELATIVELY COOL SURROUNDING AREA Roland Leinhos, Oberkochen, Wurttemberg, and Klaus Koch, Aalen, Wurttemberg, Germany, assignors to Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Wurttemberg, Germany Filed Feb. 6, 1961, Ser. No. 87,145 Claims priority, application Germany Feb. 6, 1960 6 Claims. (Cl. 250-226) This invention relates to apparatus for the simultaneous observation of an incandescent spot and a relatively cool surrounding area.
Apparatus using a charge carrier beam to work material, such as to Weld material, are known to the art. In such machines, the charge carrier beam is focussed on the material in an impinging beam of small cross sectional area so that the spot on which the beam impinges can be heated rapidly and to very high temperatures.
The heated material becomes incandescent while the surrounding area remains dark. The contrast between the incandescent spot and the surrounding area is of the order of 1110,000.
Both the incandescent spot and the surrounding area must be observed by the operators to enable the precise control necessary in such operations as welding of a scam in the material.
In large or inaccessible machines, the observation is usually performed by television camera or a supericonoscope. In such applications the high contrast ratio precludes the necessary accuracy of observation since the electron receivers are able to resolve contrast ratios of about 1:30 only. Even if the area around the point of contact of the charge carrier beam is intensely illuminated by light of any spectral composition, the tones of brightness will still be so intense that it cannot be reproduced by the electron receiver. There will also be danger of dam age to the photo cathode of the receiver as a result of the very high luminous density of the image of the glowing spot.
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide apparatus for the simultaneous observation of an incandescent spot and the area surrounding the spot.
In accordance with this object, there is provided, in a preferred embodiment of this invention, a secondary light source of short wave length to illuminate the area under observation. A filter, passing only short wavelength light, is positioned on the path of the light rays used for observation to reduce the contrast ratio to that which can be displayed by receivers.
When operating with charge carnier-beam equipment, the temperature of the incandescent spot usually ranges upwards to about 3500 C. at the point of contact of the beam. The principal emission of the glowing material at the spot to be welded therefore is in the red and infrared region of the spectrum, while the emission in the blue and violet region is slight. But the emission of the secondary light source for the illumination lies precisely in the latter region. The filter in the path of the observation rays passes only shortwave light, i.e. it retains most of the radiation emitted by the glowing material, while the absorption of radiation from the secondary light source is relatively slight.
Therefore, by appropriate choice of the wave length of the light from the secondary light source and of the corresponding filter, the contrast between the image of the incandescent spot and the cooler surrounding area can be established at a prescribed ratio.
The use of a secondary light source emitting a highintensity line in the shortwave region of the spectrum is particularly desirable. For example, a mercury-vapor lamp may be used for illumination, with a blue filter placed in the observation path. In order to increase the efficiency, a line filter of an interference-layer filter, having a very narrow band-pass, may be used instead of the blue filter. The bandpass of this filter would, in this case, correspond to one of the intense lines of the mercury vapor lamp, for instance the line 365 mg. or the line 436 my This new device can be used to particular advantage in carrier beam welding, using a television camera or a supericonoscope for observation of the work.
A preferred embodiment of this invention is illustrated in the accompanying FIGURE which is a cross sectional diagrammatic view.
In the figure there is shown an electron-beam generating system comprising a cathode 1, control electrode 2, and plate 3. The electron beam 4 generated by this system passes through the diaphragm 5 and is focussed by means of the electromagnetic lens 6 on the workpieces 8, 9. The workpieces are clamped on the movable stages 10, 111 in the evacuated chamber 7. The movable stages permit displacement of the workpieces 8, 9 in two mutually perpendicular directions. In the case here represented, the two parts 8 and 9 are to be welded together. For this purpose the stages 10, 11 must be moved so that the electron beam 4 always falls on the seam between the parts 8 and 9.
The work chamber 7 and the beam emission chamber 13 are connected by way Olf a pump connection 12 to a vacuum pump, which maintains a high vacuum therein. The work chamber 7 also has 2 other openings, which are hermetically sealed by the glass plates 14 and 15.
The mercury vapor lamp 16 serves to illuminate the workpieces 8, 9, and its light is focussed by the lens 17 on the area adjacent to the point of contact of the electron beam 4. The light emitted by the part of the material under observation is tocussed by the mirrors 18 and 19 and the lenses 20 and 21 on the photocathode of the television camera 22. The image may be focussed by vertical displacement of tube 23 and lens 20 mounted therein by the externally actuated gear wheel 24.
The rays between the lenses 20 and 21 are parallel.
The blue filter 25 is placed in the parallel rays between the lenses 20 and 21. This filter passes, almost completely, the blue portion of the light emitted by the mercury vapor lamp 16. Consequently the illumination of the area surrounding the point of contact of the electron beam 4 is attenuated only slightly. 0n the other hand, most of the light emitted by the incandescent material being heated by the impinging electron beam is stopped by the blue filter 25. In this way the contrast between the hot Workplace and its cold surroundings is reduced to a level no longer critical for television observation.
A line filter or interference-layer filter, which has a very narrow band-pass, may be used instead of the blue filter 25.
Obviously a supericonoscope or any other known electronic image receiver may be substituted for the television camera 22.
This invention can be variously modified and embodied within the scope of the subjoined claims.
What is claimed is:
'1. Apparatus for simultaneous observation of an incandescent spot and its surroundings, comprising a source of light of short wavelength, said wave length being shorter than the wave lengths of the principal emission from said incandescent spot, means to focus said light on the area under observation, said area including said incandescent spot, and means for observing said illuminated area, said observation means including a filter passing only light of said short wavelength, said filter being placed in the path of the observation rays.
2. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1, in which a television system is used for observation, in which said light source emits a high-intensity line in the shortwave region of the spectrum, and in which said filter comprises a line filter passing practically only' said line.
3. Apparatus in accordance with claim 2, in which said source comprises a mercury vapor lamp to illuminate the region under observation and in which said filter comprises an interference-layer filter, passing only a narrow band in the region of the lines 436 m or 365 mu.
4. Apparatus in accordance with claim 3, in which said observation means includes means to produce an image of the illuminated area of the material on the photocathode of the television camera of said television system.
5. Apparatus in accordance with claim 3, in which 15 4 said observation system includes two lenses having a paral- 1el-ray path therebetween and in which said filter is positioned between said two lenses.
6. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1, in which said spot is heated to incandescence -by an impinging chargecarrier beam.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 10 2,046,999 Bredtschneider July 7, 1936 2,178,211 Nolan Oct. 31, 1939 2,363,270 Smith NOV. 21, 1944 2,465,713 Dimmick Mar. 29, 1949 3,033,974 Schleich et al May 8, 1962

Claims (1)

1. APPARATUS FOR SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATION OF AN INCANDESCENT SPOT AND ITS SURROUNDINGS, COMPRISING A SOURCE OF LIGHT OF SHORT WAVELENGTH, SAID WAVE LENGTH BEING SHORTER THAN THE WAVE LENGTHS OF THE PRINCIPAL EMISSION FROM SAID INCANDESCENT SPOT, MEANS TO FOCUS SAID LIGHT ON THE AREA UNDER OBSERVATION, SAID AREA INCLUDING SAID INCANDESCENT SPOT, AND MEANS FOR OBSERVING SAID ILLUMINATED AREA, SAID OBSERVATION MEANS INCLUDING A FILTER PASSING ONLY LIGHT OF SAID SHORT WAVELENGTH, SAID FILTER BEING PLACED IN THE PATH OF THE OBSERVATION RAYS.
US87145A 1960-02-06 1961-02-06 Apparatus for the simultaneous observation of an incandescent spot and a relatively cool surrounding area Expired - Lifetime US3092727A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEZ7801A DE1113100B (en) 1960-02-06 1960-02-06 Observation device for charge carrier jet devices

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US3092727A true US3092727A (en) 1963-06-04

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CH (1) CH395374A (en)
DE (1) DE1113100B (en)
GB (1) GB913504A (en)
NL (1) NL260910A (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3267250A (en) * 1963-04-19 1966-08-16 United Aircraft Corp Adaptive positioning device
US3308264A (en) * 1963-04-19 1967-03-07 United Aircraft Corp Adaptive positioning device
US3387109A (en) * 1963-07-30 1968-06-04 Centre Nat Rech Scient Apparatus for effecting optical viewing and marking of a workpiece
US3392258A (en) * 1963-07-30 1968-07-09 Centre Nat Rech Scient Adaptation of laser heads on mechanical units, especially on microscopes
US3393323A (en) * 1963-06-20 1968-07-16 Breuning Ernst Light bar monitoring system with shutters separated by increasing distances
US3396262A (en) * 1963-11-28 1968-08-06 Nippon Electric Co Means for observing electron beams
US4916321A (en) * 1983-05-27 1990-04-10 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Radiation-measuring instrument
WO2003086695A1 (en) 2002-04-05 2003-10-23 Volvo Aero Corporation A device and method for monitoring a welding area and an arrangement and a method for controlling a welding operation

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7904580A (en) * 1979-06-12 1980-12-16 Philips Nv DEVICE FOR WRITING PATTERNS IN A LAYER ON A SUBSTRATE WITH AN ELECTRICALLY CHARGED PARTICLE BUNDLE.
JPS60247106A (en) * 1984-05-22 1985-12-06 Fujitsu Ltd Configuration inspecting apparatus

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2046999A (en) * 1933-10-10 1936-07-07 Gen Electric Arc welding
US2178211A (en) * 1937-04-23 1939-10-31 Paper Chemistry Inst Optical apparatus
US2363270A (en) * 1942-10-03 1944-11-21 Western Union Telegraph Co Facsimile telegraph system
US2465713A (en) * 1944-05-01 1949-03-29 Rca Corp Method of producing hardened optical coatings by electron bombardment
US3033974A (en) * 1958-07-01 1962-05-08 Zeiss Carl Method and means for welding and soldering with the help of beams of charged particles

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB491165A (en) * 1936-12-10 1938-08-29 Hans Lewin Improvements relating to the viewing of pictures so as to obtain increased range of contrast
DE913098C (en) * 1950-06-13 1954-06-08 Erwin Kuhfuss Arrangement of pins for attaching protective covers u. like
DE918538C (en) * 1950-10-03 1954-09-30 Loewe Radio Inc Process for positive viewing of photographic negatives
DE1038794B (en) * 1954-01-08 1958-09-11 Otto Meerkamm Process for making a photographic negative visible as a positive on a luminescent screen covered with extinguishing phosphors
FR1142493A (en) * 1956-01-30 1957-09-18 Filter glasses for fluorescent tubes and cathode ray tubes
DE1754217U (en) * 1956-08-27 1957-10-17 Josef Helmuth Danzer DEVICE FOR REVERSING THE DEGREE OF BRIGHTNESS OF LIGHT.

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2046999A (en) * 1933-10-10 1936-07-07 Gen Electric Arc welding
US2178211A (en) * 1937-04-23 1939-10-31 Paper Chemistry Inst Optical apparatus
US2363270A (en) * 1942-10-03 1944-11-21 Western Union Telegraph Co Facsimile telegraph system
US2465713A (en) * 1944-05-01 1949-03-29 Rca Corp Method of producing hardened optical coatings by electron bombardment
US3033974A (en) * 1958-07-01 1962-05-08 Zeiss Carl Method and means for welding and soldering with the help of beams of charged particles

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3267250A (en) * 1963-04-19 1966-08-16 United Aircraft Corp Adaptive positioning device
US3308264A (en) * 1963-04-19 1967-03-07 United Aircraft Corp Adaptive positioning device
US3393323A (en) * 1963-06-20 1968-07-16 Breuning Ernst Light bar monitoring system with shutters separated by increasing distances
US3387109A (en) * 1963-07-30 1968-06-04 Centre Nat Rech Scient Apparatus for effecting optical viewing and marking of a workpiece
US3392258A (en) * 1963-07-30 1968-07-09 Centre Nat Rech Scient Adaptation of laser heads on mechanical units, especially on microscopes
US3396262A (en) * 1963-11-28 1968-08-06 Nippon Electric Co Means for observing electron beams
US4916321A (en) * 1983-05-27 1990-04-10 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Radiation-measuring instrument
WO2003086695A1 (en) 2002-04-05 2003-10-23 Volvo Aero Corporation A device and method for monitoring a welding area and an arrangement and a method for controlling a welding operation
EP2397847A1 (en) * 2002-04-05 2011-12-21 Volvo Aero Corporation A device for and method of monitoring a welding area using a mercury lamp ; Arrangement for, computer for and method of controlling a welding operation using such monitoring features

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DE1113100B (en) 1961-08-24
CH395374A (en) 1965-07-15
GB913504A (en) 1962-12-19

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