Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • A61K8/42—Amides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
  • A61K8/463—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfuric acid derivatives, e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/59—Mixtures
  • A61K2800/596—Mixtures of surface active compounds

Definitions

• a shampoo which merely cleans the hair is not necessarily a satisfactory product; it is often said that a shampoo which cleans too well is unsatisfactory.
• the product must lather Well during the shampooing operations and must condition the hair, i.e. leave the hair in a soft, smooth, lustrous and easily manageable state.
• the shampoo must be mild and have sufficient resistance to hard water since hard water may cause a reduction in lather and cleaning efiiciency and may cause an undesirable film formation on the hair.
• the use of softened water or special rinses are not satisfactory solutions to hard water problems for a commercially acceptable shampoo.
• a particular ingredient which will impart to the shampoo one or perhaps several of the requisite properties in an outstanding manner will adversely affect one or more of the remaining properties.
• soap-based shampoos in soft water, have excellent cleaning, lathering and hair conditioning properties; however, any hardness in water adversely affects the lathering characteristics and leaves the well known undesirable hard water soap curd.
• equestering and curd dispersing additives have improved soap shampoos to some extent but the majority of successful shampoos are based on those non-soap synthetic detergents which lather and clean well in hard or soft water.
• Such non-soap detergents have the shortcoming of cleaning so well thatthe natural oil of the hair, which naturally conditions the hair, is removed leaving it harsh and unmanageable.
• shampoo preparation is designed to preserve much of the natural oil in the hair, the criticism can be voiced that it does an incomplete cleaning job.
• Some shampoos attempt to solve this problem by using a highly effective detergent with a hair conditioning agent which serves as a replacement for the oil removed from the hair.
• hair conditioning agents are polyglycols, fatty acid esters of glycols, natural or synthetic Waxes, and lanolin derivatives.
• Use of formulations containing excessive amounts of hair conditioning agents of the oily type may cause the hair to have an unpleasant oily appearance and feel.
• Formulations containing certain hair conditioning agents suffer from the additional difiiculty that the oily material inhibits sudsing of the shampoo. Most people have come to expect copious lather from their shampoo and are dissatisfied if it is not formed.
• a shampoo containing, as its essential ingredients in an aqueous vehicle, an N-acyl sa-rcosinate, an alkyl sulfate or an alkyl ethoxylated ether sulfate and a blend of acyl monoand diethanolamides.
• these ingredients are so selected and so proportioned that a shampoo having .a highly satisfactory balance of the requisite properties, enumerated above, is obtained.
• Minor amounts of a solvent should be included in the shampoo to improve its physical characteristics and minor amounts of a sequestrant can be included, if desired, for the same purpose as hereinafter more fully described.
• the pH of the shampoo should be in the range of 6 to 7.5 for optimum performance and physical characteristics.
• the acyl radicals (RC0) and alkyl radicals (R') in the above ingredients preferably have a chain length of 12 carbon atoms or are mixtures of radicals ranging in chain length from 10 to 18 carbon atoms such that at least about 45% of the radicals in any given ingredient con rain 12 carbon atoms. Suitable mixtures are available from natural or synthetic sources.
• coconut oil (or other oil from the coconut oil group, e.g. palm kernel or babassu oil) is a source for coconut type fatty alcohol and coconut type fatty acids which have chain lengths suitable for the ingredients used in the shampoo of this invention.
• coconut fatty alcohol having the following composition: 2%C 66%C 23%-C and 9%C alcohols
• coconut fatty acids having the same chain length composition are a desirable source of acyl radicals.
• Whole cut coconut fatty acids can also be used as a source of acyl radicals; an example of the chain length distribution of such material is C 15%, C12-50%, C1417%, C16-7% and C ll%.
• the cation M in the above ingredients can be sodium, potassium, ammonium or triethanolarnrnonium. The latter is preferred because of the somewhat greater solubility of the triethanolammonium salts.
• acyl sarcosinate The chief ingredient of the shampoos of this invention is acyl sarcosinate.
• This synthetic detergent has excellent lathering and cleansing characteristics and at the same time has outstanding hair conditioning characteristics.
• This latter characteristic is a result of a very thin conditioning film of acyl sarcosinate which is formed around each strand of hair after the shampooing operation and during rinsing.
• This film is similar to the thin conditioning fihn formed by soap in soft Water.
• the sarcosinate conditioning film formed around the hairstrands in hard water shampooing is just as satisfactory as that formed in soft water whereas hard water soap film is highly undesirable.
• acyl sarcosinate lathers well and cleans well, it was found that it should be supplemented by an alkyl sulfate or an alkyl ethoxylated ether sulfate in certain proportions in order to provide, in the shampoo, a mixture of components which provides the large amount of lather which is desired by the user.
• alkyl sulfate or an alkyl ethoxylated ether sulfate in certain proportions in order to provide, in the shampoo, a mixture of components which provides the large amount of lather which is desired by the user.
• the acyl sarcosinate is used in the amount of about 6% to about of the shampo composition. (-All percentages and ratios used herein are by weight.)
• the sulfated detergent is used in the amount of about 2% to about 8% of the shampoo composition. Since the acyl sarcosinate should predominate in order to obtain the desired hair conditioning characteristics, the ratio of sarcosinate to sulfated detergent should be in the range of about 3:2 to about 3:1.
• the above percentages are fixed on the lower side to provide the user with a sufficient amount of detergent for satisfactory results with respect to the volume of detergent solution customarily used in shampooing. They are fixed on the upper side by solubility of the various ingredients in the shampoo formulation which should not be exceeded if a substantially clear homogeneous product is to be obtained and maintained at ordinary temperatures.
• the shampoo without certain additional lather builders does not have the particular lathering characteristics required by the user.
• Lather is important to the shampoo user because he or she uses it as a measure of the correct amount of shampoo needed to wash the hair thereby avoiding both linsuilicient cleaning and wasted product.
• shampoo users have come to associate lather with detergent efficiency.
• the shampoo user desires a large amount of lather which is stable (persists throughout the shampooing operation) and which has good texture, i.e. body and lubricity. While the mixture of acyl sarcosinate and sulfated detergent provides an ample volume of lather, lather builders should be used with the mixture to increase the stability of and improve the texture of the lather.
• Acyl monoethanolamides are outstanding lather builders for the mixture of sarcosinate and sulfated deter-gent described above but their use as the sole builders detracts undesirably from the hair conditioning properties of the acyl sarcosinate. Moreover, the solubility of the acyl monoethanolamide is somewhat limited making it more difiicult to obtain a homogeneous product than if the more soluble acyl diethanolamides are used.
• Acyl diethanolamides have limited lather building properties and do not detract from the hair conditioning properties of the acyl sarcosinate; however acyl diethanolamides do not provide a satisfactory lather building action for the mixture of acyl sarcosinate and sulfated detergent.
• the use of either an acyl monoethanolamide or an acyl diethanolamide as the sole lather builder provides unsatisfactory characteristics. in either hair conditioning or lathering of the resultant shampoo.
• acyl monoand di-ethanolamides used in conjunction with the combination of acyl sarcosinate and sulfated detergent described above provides a homogeneous shampoo having outstanding lathering, cleaning and hair conditioning characteristics in either hard or soft water. It was found that the ratio of the acyl monoethanolamide to the acyl diethanolamide should be in the range of about 2:1 to about 1:2 and the total amount of the two amides should be from about 3% to about 8% of the shampoo composition.
• a solvent either ethanol, glycerin or propylene glycol
• the solvent also acts to maintain the clarity of the preferred substantially clear shampoo product.
• the solvent is especial- 1y desirable to ensure that the shampoo formulation will recover to a substantially clear homogeneous product after being rendered non homogeneous and/or cloudy at low temperatures which might be encountered in storage or transit.
• the ethanol, glycerin or propylene glycol is used in an amount of about 3% to about 12% of the shampoo composition.
• Solvents other than ethanol, glycerin or propylene glycol, such as methanol, isopropanol, or ethylene glycol, are not satisfactory because of toxicity and/or odor problems. Ethanol is the preferred solvent.
• a sequestrant to ensure that the solution of ingredients is as clear as possible.
• an amino polycarboxylate sequestrant is included.
• this type of sequestrant are ethylene diamine tetra acetates, hydroxyethyl ethylene diamine triacetates, nitrilo triacetates, 2 hydroxyethyl imino di'acetates, diethylenetriamine penta acetates, and 1,2 diamino cyclohexane tetra acetates.
• sequestrants are used in the form of their full or partial sodium, potassium, ammonium or triethanolammonium salts so as to conform with the pH range of the shampoo as hereinafter discussed.
• the exact form of the sequestrant will depend on the particular compound and cation used. Sequestrants also tend to increase the volume of lather of the shampoo. Ethylene diamine tetra acetate is the preferred sequestrant.
• the pH of the shampoo should be in the range of about 6 to about 7.5. At pHs less than about 6 the clarity of the shampoo tends to be impaired. At pHs greater than about 7.5 the lathering characteristics of the shampoo are reduced.
• the pH of the shampoo can be adjusted if necessary with any of the usual :acidic or basic agents such as citric acid or triet'hanolamine.
• отно ⁇ ески ⁇ е или отно ⁇ ески ⁇ е или отное кактивное ком ⁇ ионал ⁇ ное ком ⁇ онент customarily used in shampoos can be added to the composition of the invention to make it more attractive in appearance or use, but are not necessary.
• minor ingredients are: up to about 0.5% color; up to about 2% thickening agent such as methyl cellulose or. sodium carboxymethylcellulose; up to about 1% perfume; up to about 0.5% of a color stabilizer such as ammonium or sodium sulfite; up to about 0.01% of a preservative such as phenyl mercuric acetate; up to about 0.2% of an ultraviolet absorbent or an antioxidant.
• an opacifier such as ethylene glycoldistearate, can be added if an opaque product is desired.
• the shampoo of this invention is illustrated by the following example.
• Example A shampoo composition was obtained by uniformly mixing together the following ingredients:
• C18 and C13 3% monoethanolamine of coconut oil fatty acids having the following chain length distribution: 16% C C12, C14, C16 :and C13 3% diethanolamide of coconut oil fatty acids having the following chain length distribution: 16% C 48% C12, C14, C16 and C18 0.65% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (as its partial triethanolammonium salt) 7% ethanol 0.75% methyl cellulose, a 2% solution of which has a viscosity of 4000 cps. at 68 F. and a gel point of F.
• the pH of the shampoo was 6.7.
• the shampoo was a clear, white, homogeneous liquid.
• copious lather having :a good texture quickly formed and persisted during the shampooing operation.
• the product and its lather rinsed easily and substantially completely away leaving the hair, after drying, in a soft, lustrous state which was easy to comb and manage.
• the hair conditioning properties of the shampoo were excellent and were at least equal to the conditioning properties of a high quality soft-water soap shampoo.
• Propylene glycol or glycerin can be substituted in an equal amount for ethanol in the above example with substantially equal results.
• the sodium, potassium or ammonium salts of the sulfated condensation product and of the N-acyl sarcosinate described in the above example can be substituted in equivalent amounts for the corresponding triethanolamine salts used in the composition of the example with substantially equal results.
• a clear homogeneous, liquid shampoo which will produce copious stable lather having good texture; effectively clean the hair; and leave the hair in a soft, lustrous, easily manageable condition even when used in hard water, consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of (a) about 6% to about 15% of an N-acyl sarcosinate, (b) about 2% to about 8% of a non-soap detergent selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfates and alkyl ethoxylated ether sulfates containing one to five ethylene oxide units per molecule, about 3% to about 8% of a mixture of an acyl monoethanolamide and an acyl diethanolamide, the ratio of said amides being in the range of about 2:1 to about 1:2, (d) about 3% to about 12% of a solvent selected from the group consisting of ethanol, glycerin and propylene glycol, the ratio of (a) to (b) a being in the range of about 3:2 to
• the shampoo composition of claim 1 which includes as an additional ingredient about 0.3% to about 2% of an amino polycarboxyl-ate sequestrant selected from the group consisting of ethylene diamine tetraacetates, hydroxy ethyl ethylene diamine triacetates, nitrilo triacetates, 2 hydroxyethyl imino diacetates, diethylenetriamine penta acetates and 1,2 diamino cyclohex-ane tetra acetates.
• an amino polycarboxyl-ate sequestrant selected from the group consisting of ethylene diamine tetraacetates, hydroxy ethyl ethylene diamine triacetates, nitrilo triacetates, 2 hydroxyethyl imino diacetates, diethylenetriamine penta acetates and 1,2 diamino cyclohex-ane tetra acetates.
• a clear, homogeneous, liquid shampoo which will produce copious stable lather having good texture; effectively clean the hair; and leave the hair in a soft, lustrous, easily manageable condition even when used in hard water, consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of (a) about 6% to about 15% of a triethanolamine N-acyl sarcosinate, (b) about 2% to about 8% of triethanolamine alkyl ethoxylated ether sulfates containing an average of three ethylene oxide units per molecule, (c) about 3% to about 8% of a mixture of an acyl monoethanolarnide and an acyl diethanolamide, the ratio of said amides being in the range of about 2:1 to about 1:2, (d) about 3% to about 12% ethanol, (e) about 0.3% to about 2% of an ethylenediamine tetra acetate, the ratio of (a) to (1)) being in the range of about 3 :2 to about 3: 1, the acyl and alkyl
• a clear, homogeneous, liquid shampoo which will produce copious stable lather having good texture; effectively clean the hair; and leave the hair in a soft, lustrous, easily manageable condition even when used in hard water, consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of about 10% of a triethanolamine N-acyl sarcosinate, about 4% of triethanolamine alkyl ethoxylated ether sulfates contraining an average of three ethylene oxide units per molecule, about 3% of an acyl monoeth'anolamide, about 3% of an acyl diethanolamide, about 0.65% of triethanolamine ethylene diamine tetraacetate, about 7% ethanol, the acyl and alkyl groups in the ingredients ranging from 10 to 18 carbon atoms in chain length with at least 45% of the said groups in each ingredient being 12 carbon atoms in chain length, said solution having a pH of about 6.7, said percentages being by weight.

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• Birds (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)

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Cited By (15)

Citations (1)

• 0
  • BE BE635633D patent/BE635633A/xx unknown
  • DE DENDAT1165205D patent/DE1165205B/de active Pending
• 1960
  • 1960-02-10 US US7779A patent/US3085067A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1961
  • 1961-02-09 GB GB4898/61A patent/GB973093A/en not_active Expired

Patent Citations (1)

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