US3082442A - Swimmer's fin - Google Patents

Swimmer's fin Download PDF

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Publication number
US3082442A
US3082442A US837427A US83742759A US3082442A US 3082442 A US3082442 A US 3082442A US 837427 A US837427 A US 837427A US 83742759 A US83742759 A US 83742759A US 3082442 A US3082442 A US 3082442A
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section
footgear
fin
flat
sections
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Expired - Lifetime
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US837427A
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Cousteau Jacques Yves
Gagnan Emile
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La Spirotechnique Industrielle et Commerciale
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La Spirotechnique Industrielle et Commerciale
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B31/00—Swimming aids
    • A63B31/08—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs
    • A63B31/10—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs held by, or attachable to, the hands or feet
    • A63B31/11—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs held by, or attachable to, the hands or feet attachable only to the feet

Definitions

  • Swimmers fins as usually executed include a foot-gear section extending into a generally flat, ribbed, flaring and yielding element. When the swimmers feet beat, the yielding section is deformed, which increases the thrust exerted on the water.
  • Our present invention has for its object means for automatically setting into its optimum position the fiat propolling section of .the. fin in the manner disclosed hereinabove while resorting. to a simple unitary fin structure devoid of any pivotal axis.
  • the propelling section of the fin is connected with the footgear section through the agency of an intermediate section the rigidity of which is less than that of the remainder of the fin.
  • the invention thus defined may be executed in practice in various manners which difier chiefly through the nature of the intermediate area or section interconnecting the two sections of the fin as also through the fact that the flat section is rigid or deformable Within a predetermined extent.
  • the flat section is provided with longitudinal ribs extending over a part of the footgear section, but the rigidity of said ribs is weakened at points which are distributed in a transverse plane containing the geometrical axis corresponding to the desired hinge or pivotal connection.
  • the rigidity of the ribs is reduced by means of cuts provided across same.
  • the cuts are formed only on one of the sides of the flat section.
  • the cuts are shaped in a manner such that their sides act as stops limiting the maximum value of the angular shifting of the flat section of the fin round the pivotal axis with reference to the footgear section, the curvature of the flat section not being taken into account.
  • the fin is provided with a medial area connecting the footgear section with the flat section, which area is made of a material which is more yielding than that forming said sections, so as to constitute a sort of hinge between said two sections.
  • the flat section is perforated in its terminal area corresponding to the hinge.
  • the hinge area is reinforced in the part merging into the 3,'82,44Z Patented Mar. 26, 1963 flat section by a very yielding material showing aconsiderarble resistance against tractional and fiexional efforts such as a fabric.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are side views of a fin, the ribs of which are cut along the lower surface of the fin, FIGS. 1 and 2 corresponding to two different angular positions of the propelling section.
  • FIG. 3 shows in side view and in three differentpositions a fin, the ribs of which are provided with cuts both on the upper and lower surfaces of the fin.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the fin illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a side view of a fin, the ribs of which are provided with cuts only on the upper surface of the fin.
  • FIG. 6 is a side View of a fin wherein the intermediate area is made of a material of a reduced rigidity.
  • the footgear section of the fin and the flat section forming the actual fin are designated respectively by the reference numbers 1 and 2.
  • the sections are provided on one or both surfaces with ribs 3 as clearly shown in FIG. 4.
  • the ribs are cut at 4 at least on one of the sides of the flat section.
  • the flexibility of the section 2 near the intermediate area may be increased in the area XX by perforating it as shown at 5 in FIG. 4.
  • Said intermediate area may also be reinforced by a piece of fabric 6 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the two sections 1 and 2 are connected by an intermediate Zone made with a kind of rubber more yielding than that of the remainder of the fin.
  • a swimmers fin including a footgear section adapted to be fitted over the swimmers foot, a flat, flexible, flaring and ribbed propelling section extending forwardly from the toe portion of said footgear section in prolongation thereof and an intermediate section integrally connecting said propelling section with said footgear section, the rigidity of said intermediate section being lower than that of said footgear and propelling sections.
  • a unitary swimmers fin made of a yielding material and comprising a footgear section adapted to be fitted over a swimmers foot, a flat, flexible, flaring propelling section integral with the footgear section and cooperating with the toe end of said footgear section as an extension thereof and longitudinal ribs extending over at least the major part of the surface of at least one side of said flat flexible section and over the adjacent part of the footgear section, means for reducing the rigidity of said ribs on their portion in transverse registry with the cooperating ends of the two sections to produce a pivotal connection between the two sections.
  • a unitary swimmers fin made of a yielding material and comprising a footgear section adapted to be fitted over a swimmers foot, a flat, yielding, flaring propelling section integral with the footgear section and cooperating with the toe end of said footgear section as an extension thereof and longitudinal ribs extending over at least the major part of the surface of at least one side of said flat yielding section and over the adjacent part of the footgear section, the rigidity of which ribs is reduced through transverse cuts in transverse registry with the cooperating 3 ends of the two sections to produce a pivotal connection between the two sections.
  • a unitary swimmers fin made of a yielding material and comprising a footgear section adapted .to be fitted yer a swimmers foot, a flat, yielding, flaring propelling section integral with the footgear section and operating with the toe end of said footgear section as an extension thereof and longitudinal ribs extending over at least the major part of the surface of at least one side of said fiat yielding section and over the adjacent part of the footgear section, said ribs being provided with transverse cuts on one side of the yielding fiat section in registry with the cooperating ends of the two sections to produce a pivotal connection between the two sections.
  • a unitary swimmers fin made of a yielding material and comprising a footgear section adapted to be fitted over a swimmers foot, a flat, yielding, flaring propelling section integral with the footgear section and cooperating with the toe end of said footgear section as an extension thereof and longitudinal ribs extending over at least the major part of the surfaces of both sides of said flat yielding section and over the adjacent part of the footgear section, said ribs being provided with transverse cuts on both sides of the yielding flat section in registry with the cooperating ends of the two sections to produce a pivotal connection between the two sections.
  • a unitary swimmers fin made of a yielding material and comprising a footgear section adapted to be fitted over a swimmers foot, a fiat, yielding, flaring propelling section integral with the footgear section and cooperating with the toe end of said footgear section as an extension thereof and longitudinal ribs extending over at least the major part of the surface of at least one side of said flat yielding section and over the adjacent part of the footgear section, the rigidity of which ribs is reduced through transverse cuts in V shape, in transverse registry with the cooperating ends of the two sections to produce a pivotal connection between the two sections, the opposite sides of the cuts in each rib forming a stop defining the maximum flexing of the two sections with reference to each other.
  • a swimmers fin including a footgear section adapted to be fitted over the swimmers foot, a flat, flexible, flaring and ribbed propelling section extending forwardly from the toe portion of said footgear section in prolongation thereof and an intermediate section integrally connecting said propelling section with said footgear section and perforations disposed in said intermediate section to provide a rigidity thereof which is lower than that of said footgear and propelling sections thereby increasing the flexibility thereof.
  • a swimmers fin including a footgear section adapted to be fitted over the swimmers foot, a Hat, flexible, flaring and ribbed propelling section extending forwardly from the toe portion of said footgear section in prolongation thereof and an intermediate section integrally connecting said propelling section with said footgear section, the rigidity of said intermediate section being lower than that of said footgear and propelling sections and a sheet of fabric inserted longitudinally inside said intermediate section to impart reinforcement thereto.

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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)

Description

March 26, 1963 Fig.1
J. Y. COUSTEAU ETAL SWIMMER'S FIN Filed Sept. 1, 1959 its tts Our invention has for its object a swimniers fin or web to be fitted on a swimmers foot.
Swimmers fins as usually executed include a foot-gear section extending into a generally flat, ribbed, flaring and yielding element. When the swimmers feet beat, the yielding section is deformed, which increases the thrust exerted on the water.
With a view to obtaining during operation as automatic positioning into its optimum position of the flat operative or propelling section of the fin and thereby to reducing to a minimum the eifort to be given by the swimmer, it has already been proposed. to separate the flat section from thefoot-gear section of the fin by providing a transverse pivotal axis for connecting said sections together; such fins are however more intricate in their structure and consequently more expensive since they must include two different sections provided with passageways for the pivotal axis and with stops.
Our present invention has for its object means for automatically setting into its optimum position the fiat propolling section of .the. fin in the manner disclosed hereinabove while resorting. to a simple unitary fin structure devoid of any pivotal axis.
To this end and according to the invention, the propelling section of the fin is connected with the footgear section through the agency of an intermediate section the rigidity of which is less than that of the remainder of the fin.
The invention thus defined may be executed in practice in various manners which difier chiefly through the nature of the intermediate area or section interconnecting the two sections of the fin as also through the fact that the flat section is rigid or deformable Within a predetermined extent.
Accordingly, it is possible to provide the fin according to the invention with one or more of the following advantageous features:
The fin being made in the conventional manner of a single member of deformable material such as rubber for instance, the flat section is provided with longitudinal ribs extending over a part of the footgear section, but the rigidity of said ribs is weakened at points which are distributed in a transverse plane containing the geometrical axis corresponding to the desired hinge or pivotal connection.
The rigidity of the ribs is reduced by means of cuts provided across same.
The cuts are formed only on one of the sides of the flat section.
The cuts are shaped in a manner such that their sides act as stops limiting the maximum value of the angular shifting of the flat section of the fin round the pivotal axis with reference to the footgear section, the curvature of the flat section not being taken into account.
The fin is provided with a medial area connecting the footgear section with the flat section, which area is made of a material which is more yielding than that forming said sections, so as to constitute a sort of hinge between said two sections.
The flat section is perforated in its terminal area corresponding to the hinge.
The hinge area is reinforced in the part merging into the 3,'82,44Z Patented Mar. 26, 1963 flat section by a very yielding material showing aconsiderarble resistance against tractional and fiexional efforts such as a fabric.
The accompanying diagrammatic drawings illustrate various embodiments of the invention and in particular:
FIGS. 1 and 2 are side views of a fin, the ribs of which are cut along the lower surface of the fin, FIGS. 1 and 2 corresponding to two different angular positions of the propelling section.
FIG. 3 shows in side view and in three differentpositions a fin, the ribs of which are provided with cuts both on the upper and lower surfaces of the fin.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the fin illustrated in FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a side view of a fin, the ribs of which are provided with cuts only on the upper surface of the fin.
FIG. 6 is a side View of a fin wherein the intermediate area is made of a material of a reduced rigidity.
In all said figures, the footgear section of the fin and the flat section forming the actual fin are designated respectively by the reference numbers 1 and 2.
Generally speaking, the sections are provided on one or both surfaces with ribs 3 as clearly shown in FIG. 4.
In accordance with the invention, the ribs are cut at 4 at least on one of the sides of the flat section.
These cuts are V-shaped and arranged transversely as shown at XX (FIG. 4) in a plane containing the geometrical pivotal axis between the two sections.
It is apparent from inspection of FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 5' that the sides of the cuts 4 act as stops for limiting the angular shifting of the flat section 2 in one direction only in the case of FIGS. 2 and 5 and in both directions in the case of FIG. 3 to a total value of about for instance.
The flexibility of the section 2 near the intermediate area may be increased in the area XX by perforating it as shown at 5 in FIG. 4. Said intermediate area may also be reinforced by a piece of fabric 6 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. In the particular fin shown in FIG. 6, the two sections 1 and 2 are connected by an intermediate Zone made with a kind of rubber more yielding than that of the remainder of the fin.
What we claim is:
1. A swimmers fin including a footgear section adapted to be fitted over the swimmers foot, a flat, flexible, flaring and ribbed propelling section extending forwardly from the toe portion of said footgear section in prolongation thereof and an intermediate section integrally connecting said propelling section with said footgear section, the rigidity of said intermediate section being lower than that of said footgear and propelling sections.
2. A unitary swimmers fin made of a yielding material and comprising a footgear section adapted to be fitted over a swimmers foot, a flat, flexible, flaring propelling section integral with the footgear section and cooperating with the toe end of said footgear section as an extension thereof and longitudinal ribs extending over at least the major part of the surface of at least one side of said flat flexible section and over the adjacent part of the footgear section, means for reducing the rigidity of said ribs on their portion in transverse registry with the cooperating ends of the two sections to produce a pivotal connection between the two sections.
3. A unitary swimmers fin made of a yielding material and comprising a footgear section adapted to be fitted over a swimmers foot, a flat, yielding, flaring propelling section integral with the footgear section and cooperating with the toe end of said footgear section as an extension thereof and longitudinal ribs extending over at least the major part of the surface of at least one side of said flat yielding section and over the adjacent part of the footgear section, the rigidity of which ribs is reduced through transverse cuts in transverse registry with the cooperating 3 ends of the two sections to produce a pivotal connection between the two sections.
4. A unitary swimmers fin made of a yielding material and comprisinga footgear section adapted .to be fitted yer a swimmers foot, a flat, yielding, flaring propelling section integral with the footgear section and operating with the toe end of said footgear section as an extension thereof and longitudinal ribs extending over at least the major part of the surface of at least one side of said fiat yielding section and over the adjacent part of the footgear section, said ribs being provided with transverse cuts on one side of the yielding fiat section in registry with the cooperating ends of the two sections to produce a pivotal connection between the two sections.
5. A unitary swimmers fin made of a yielding material and comprising a footgear section adapted to be fitted over a swimmers foot, a flat, yielding, flaring propelling section integral with the footgear section and cooperating with the toe end of said footgear section as an extension thereof and longitudinal ribs extending over at least the major part of the surfaces of both sides of said flat yielding section and over the adjacent part of the footgear section, said ribs being provided with transverse cuts on both sides of the yielding flat section in registry with the cooperating ends of the two sections to produce a pivotal connection between the two sections.
6. A unitary swimmers fin made of a yielding material and comprising a footgear section adapted to be fitted over a swimmers foot, a fiat, yielding, flaring propelling section integral with the footgear section and cooperating with the toe end of said footgear section as an extension thereof and longitudinal ribs extending over at least the major part of the surface of at least one side of said flat yielding section and over the adjacent part of the footgear section, the rigidity of which ribs is reduced through transverse cuts in V shape, in transverse registry with the cooperating ends of the two sections to produce a pivotal connection between the two sections, the opposite sides of the cuts in each rib forming a stop defining the maximum flexing of the two sections with reference to each other.
7. A swimmers fin including a footgear section adapted to be fitted over the swimmers foot, a flat, flexible, flaring and ribbed propelling section extending forwardly from the toe portion of said footgear section in prolongation thereof and an intermediate section integrally connecting said propelling section with said footgear section and perforations disposed in said intermediate section to provide a rigidity thereof which is lower than that of said footgear and propelling sections thereby increasing the flexibility thereof.
8. A swimmers fin including a footgear section adapted to be fitted over the swimmers foot, a Hat, flexible, flaring and ribbed propelling section extending forwardly from the toe portion of said footgear section in prolongation thereof and an intermediate section integrally connecting said propelling section with said footgear section, the rigidity of said intermediate section being lower than that of said footgear and propelling sections and a sheet of fabric inserted longitudinally inside said intermediate section to impart reinforcement thereto.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,983,609 Hudson Dec. 11, 1934 2,099,973 De Corlieu Nov. 23, 1937 2,343,468 Messinger Mar. 7, 1944 2,595,643 Daugherty May 6, 1952 2,623,574 Damsch Dec. 30, 1952 2,669,036 Israel Feb. 16, 1954 2,711,033 Dick June 21, 1955 2,715,231 Marston Aug. 15, 1955 2,738,598 Inga Mar. 20, 1956 2,765,545 Conrad Oct. 9, 1956 2,779,077 Kline Jan. 29, 1957 2,903,719 Wozencraft Sept. 15, 1959 FOREIGN PATENTS 502,065 Italy Nov. 26, 1954

Claims (1)

1. A SWIMMER''S FIN INCLUDING A FOOTGEAR SECTION ADAPTED TO BE FITTED OVER THE SWIMMER''S FOOT, A FLAT, FLEXIBLE, FLARING AND RIBBED PROPELLING SECTION EXTENDING FORWARDLY FROM THE TOE PORTION OF SAID FOOTGEAR SECTION IN PROLONGATION THEREOF AND AN INTERMEDIATE SECTION INTEGRALLY CONNECTING SAID PROPELLING SECTION WITH SAID FOOTGEAR SECTION, THE RIGIDITY OF SAID INTERMEDIATE SECTION BEING LOWER THAN THAT OF SAID FOOTGEAR AND PROPELLING SECTIONS.
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Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3171142A (en) * 1962-10-19 1965-03-02 Auzols Pierre Swimming shoe
US4025977A (en) * 1975-09-12 1977-05-31 U. S. Divers Co. Angular foot fin
US4172427A (en) * 1978-01-12 1979-10-30 Kindred William B Water propulsion unit including fin having foil and flexible ends
US4209866A (en) * 1978-10-02 1980-07-01 Arthur D. Little, Inc. Swim fin
FR2455905A1 (en) * 1979-05-09 1980-12-05 Beuchat Georges Variable curve swimming flipper - has axial rib to limit curvature with v-shaped notches along its length
US4737127A (en) * 1985-11-12 1988-04-12 Under Sea Industries, Inc. Hydrodynamic swim fin
US4775343A (en) * 1985-11-12 1988-10-04 Undersea Industries, Inc. Hydrodynamic swim fin
US4981454A (en) * 1989-02-01 1991-01-01 Klein Kevin R Retractable swim fin
US5108327A (en) * 1989-02-01 1992-04-28 Klein Kevin R Retractable swim fin
US5242321A (en) * 1992-08-13 1993-09-07 Yoram Gil Flipper-type swimming propulsion aids
WO1994025116A1 (en) * 1993-04-23 1994-11-10 Tovarischestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostju 'lik' Flipper
EP0857435A2 (en) * 1996-12-17 1998-08-12 Uhlsystem Deutschland GmbH Sole for sportshoes
EP0998962A1 (en) * 1998-11-04 2000-05-10 HTM SPORT S.p.A. Swimming flipper
EP1082975A1 (en) * 1999-09-08 2001-03-14 HTM SPORT S.p.A. Swimming flipper with controlled-flexibility blade
WO2001062354A1 (en) * 2000-02-25 2001-08-30 Salvas Sub S.P.A. Swin or dive fin
US20020025744A1 (en) * 1998-05-14 2002-02-28 Mccarthy Peter T. Methods for creating large scale focused blade deflections
WO2001085267A3 (en) * 2000-05-10 2002-03-21 Peter T Mccarthy Methods for creating large scale blade deflections in swim fins
US6371821B1 (en) 1996-01-11 2002-04-16 Nature's Wing Fin Designs, Llc High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US6413133B1 (en) 1998-05-14 2002-07-02 Mccarthy Peter T. Methods for creating consistent large scale blade deflections
US6482059B2 (en) 1997-05-09 2002-11-19 Mccarthy Peter T. High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US6568974B2 (en) 2000-09-29 2003-05-27 Scubapro Europe S.R.L. Swim and scuba fin
US20040102110A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-05-27 Qds Injection Molding Llc Swimming fin
US20040127117A1 (en) * 2002-07-19 2004-07-01 Mccarthy Peter T. High deflection hydrofoils and swim fins
US20060068659A1 (en) * 2004-09-30 2006-03-30 Abbott Timothy L Bungee flipper
US20070093153A1 (en) * 2005-10-21 2007-04-26 Rasmussen Scott K Variable resistance aquatic device and methods of using the same
US20110217890A1 (en) * 2010-03-02 2011-09-08 Norbert Fleck Swimming device for a swimmer or diver
US20160287941A1 (en) * 2013-12-16 2016-10-06 Maks ROBINIK Swim Fin
US9643055B2 (en) 2015-10-08 2017-05-09 Tyr Sport, Inc. Swim fin
USD886223S1 (en) 2019-02-08 2020-06-02 Tyr Sport, Inc. Swim fin
US10744374B1 (en) 2019-04-08 2020-08-18 Tyr Sport, Inc. Swim fin with an upper portion having debossed regions and triple-bladed rails
US10905175B1 (en) 2020-05-21 2021-02-02 Tyr Sport, Inc. Swimsuit with tension bands and reinforcement liners

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US1983609A (en) * 1933-10-16 1934-12-11 Willis T Hudson Swimming shoe
US2099973A (en) * 1933-04-06 1937-11-23 Corlieu Louis Marie De Lifesaving and swimming propelling device
US2343468A (en) * 1942-11-18 1944-03-07 Lawrence P Romano Propulsion device for swimmers
US2595643A (en) * 1951-09-07 1952-05-06 Jr Burton P Daugherty Strap construction for bathing sandals
US2623574A (en) * 1950-01-09 1952-12-30 Damsch Herbert Otto Er Wilhelm Air mattress
US2669036A (en) * 1951-08-07 1954-02-16 Israel Sidney Flexible footwear
US2711033A (en) * 1952-02-18 1955-06-21 Raymond P Dick Hinged clogs
US2715231A (en) * 1953-09-03 1955-08-16 Oliver F Marston Flexible buoyant article
US2738598A (en) * 1953-03-09 1956-03-20 Inga Frank Flexible shower shoe having ground-gripping means
US2765545A (en) * 1953-06-26 1956-10-09 Sr George H Conrad Cushioned arch support
US2779077A (en) * 1952-02-23 1957-01-29 Richard M Kline Foot attachment for facilitating swimming
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2099973A (en) * 1933-04-06 1937-11-23 Corlieu Louis Marie De Lifesaving and swimming propelling device
US1983609A (en) * 1933-10-16 1934-12-11 Willis T Hudson Swimming shoe
US2343468A (en) * 1942-11-18 1944-03-07 Lawrence P Romano Propulsion device for swimmers
US2623574A (en) * 1950-01-09 1952-12-30 Damsch Herbert Otto Er Wilhelm Air mattress
US2669036A (en) * 1951-08-07 1954-02-16 Israel Sidney Flexible footwear
US2595643A (en) * 1951-09-07 1952-05-06 Jr Burton P Daugherty Strap construction for bathing sandals
US2711033A (en) * 1952-02-18 1955-06-21 Raymond P Dick Hinged clogs
US2779077A (en) * 1952-02-23 1957-01-29 Richard M Kline Foot attachment for facilitating swimming
US2738598A (en) * 1953-03-09 1956-03-20 Inga Frank Flexible shower shoe having ground-gripping means
US2765545A (en) * 1953-06-26 1956-10-09 Sr George H Conrad Cushioned arch support
US2715231A (en) * 1953-09-03 1955-08-16 Oliver F Marston Flexible buoyant article
US2903719A (en) * 1955-10-06 1959-09-15 John L Wozeneraft Swimming fin

Cited By (64)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3171142A (en) * 1962-10-19 1965-03-02 Auzols Pierre Swimming shoe
US4025977A (en) * 1975-09-12 1977-05-31 U. S. Divers Co. Angular foot fin
US4172427A (en) * 1978-01-12 1979-10-30 Kindred William B Water propulsion unit including fin having foil and flexible ends
US4209866A (en) * 1978-10-02 1980-07-01 Arthur D. Little, Inc. Swim fin
FR2455905A1 (en) * 1979-05-09 1980-12-05 Beuchat Georges Variable curve swimming flipper - has axial rib to limit curvature with v-shaped notches along its length
US4737127A (en) * 1985-11-12 1988-04-12 Under Sea Industries, Inc. Hydrodynamic swim fin
US4775343A (en) * 1985-11-12 1988-10-04 Undersea Industries, Inc. Hydrodynamic swim fin
US4981454A (en) * 1989-02-01 1991-01-01 Klein Kevin R Retractable swim fin
US5108327A (en) * 1989-02-01 1992-04-28 Klein Kevin R Retractable swim fin
US5242321A (en) * 1992-08-13 1993-09-07 Yoram Gil Flipper-type swimming propulsion aids
WO1994025116A1 (en) * 1993-04-23 1994-11-10 Tovarischestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostju 'lik' Flipper
US6497597B2 (en) 1996-01-11 2002-12-24 Mccarthy Peter T. High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US20070173143A1 (en) * 1996-01-11 2007-07-26 Mccarthy Peter T High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US7101240B2 (en) 1996-01-11 2006-09-05 Mccarthy Peter T High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US20040248481A1 (en) * 1996-01-11 2004-12-09 Mccarthy Peter T. High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US6719599B2 (en) 1996-01-11 2004-04-13 Mccarthy Peter T. High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US6607411B1 (en) 1996-01-11 2003-08-19 Mccarthy Peter T. High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US6371821B1 (en) 1996-01-11 2002-04-16 Nature's Wing Fin Designs, Llc High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US6585548B2 (en) 1996-01-11 2003-07-01 Mccarthy Peter T. High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
EP0857435A2 (en) * 1996-12-17 1998-08-12 Uhlsystem Deutschland GmbH Sole for sportshoes
EP0857435A3 (en) * 1996-12-17 1999-02-03 Uhlsystem Deutschland GmbH Sole for sportshoes
US6482059B2 (en) 1997-05-09 2002-11-19 Mccarthy Peter T. High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US20080032574A1 (en) * 1998-05-14 2008-02-07 Amy L. Goldman Method for creating consistent large scale blade deflections
US7018256B2 (en) 1998-05-14 2006-03-28 Mccarthy Peter T Methods for creating large scale focused blade deflections
US20070032147A1 (en) * 1998-05-14 2007-02-08 Mccarthy Peter T Methods for creating large scale focused blade deflections
US6413133B1 (en) 1998-05-14 2002-07-02 Mccarthy Peter T. Methods for creating consistent large scale blade deflections
US20070173142A1 (en) * 1998-05-14 2007-07-26 Mccarthy Peter T Methods for creating consistent large scale blade deflections
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