US2889563A - Swim flipper - Google Patents

Swim flipper Download PDF

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Publication number
US2889563A
US2889563A US567978A US56797856A US2889563A US 2889563 A US2889563 A US 2889563A US 567978 A US567978 A US 567978A US 56797856 A US56797856 A US 56797856A US 2889563 A US2889563 A US 2889563A
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web
foot
shoe portion
fin
swim
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US567978A
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Edward W Lamb
Melvin E Mcgowan
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B31/00—Swimming aids
    • A63B31/08—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs
    • A63B31/10—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs held by, or attachable to, the hands or feet
    • A63B31/11—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs held by, or attachable to, the hands or feet attachable only to the feet

Definitions

  • This invention relates to swim flippers of the type used to increase the kicking power of the swimmer.
  • swim flippers have consisted of some sort of pocket portion for receiving the foot of a swimmer and some sort of hinged or resilient web extending from the pocket portion. Usually this web has been formed to imitate a fishs tail except that it has been in horizontal extension of the swimmers foot.
  • the sole purpose of prior known sWim flippers has been to provide the foot with a greater amount of water contact area in order to increase the speed available to a swimmer using a scissor-like kicking motion.
  • the prior art swim flippers have provided a swimmer with only increased power or speed in a single direction and have made no provision for directional control.
  • a swimmer using the prior art devices has therefore had to rely upon hand movements and twisting of the body in order to maneuver under water.
  • Another object of this invention is the provision of a swim flipper which aids a swimmer in maneuvering and controlling his speed in the water.
  • Still another object of this invention is the provision of a swim flipper which accomplishes the above advantages without appreciably increasing the drag on the swimmers feet.
  • Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of the swim flipper of this invention
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along line 22 of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a bottom plan view of the swim flipper of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective View of the swim flipper of Fig. 1 showing it on the foot of a wearer;
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a pair of the swim flippers of Fig. 1 shown in use.
  • the swim flipper of this invention comprises a shoe or pocket portion generally designated 1, adapted to receive the foot of a swimmer.
  • Said shoe portion includes a sole 2 and an upper section 3 which may have the conventional toe 4 and heel 5.
  • shoe portion 1 may be compared in general configuration with a low oxford or slipper, however, it is obvious that many modified forms of pockets may likewise be conformed to fit the foot of a wearer.
  • One of such modifications might be provided by including merely the toe pocket 4 with a strap or the like extending therefrom around the heel of a swimmers foot.
  • the sole efiect to be achieved is the provision of a member which will remain in place on a swimmers foot with comfort.
  • Said web Projecting from the toe 4 of shoe portion 1 generally in extension of sole 2 is a generally horizontal web 6.
  • Said web may be integrally molded with shoe portion 1 of a flexible, resilient, rubber-like material and is preferably formed to a thicker cross section adjacent toe 4 than at its outer free end 7.
  • Said web may also be provided with longitudinally extending ribs 8 (Fig. 4) to provide for a greater flexibility at the outer free end of said web than at the juncture between web 6 and shoe portion 1.
  • the opposite side edges 9, 10 of web 6 preferably diverge from shoe portion 1 to the outer free end 7 thereof. Said side edges may be formed along a double curve as shown in Fig. 3 to be almost parallel at their juncture with free outer end 7.
  • web 6 The purpose of web 6 is to provide a substantially greater hydrodynamic surface to a swimmers foot 11 (Figs. 4, 5) for substantially increasing the swimmers kicking power and therefore speed available to him in the water. It has been found that web 6, although accomplishing the above purpose, does not aid in the swimmers control of his direction through the water.
  • This invention therefore provides a generally vertical fin 13 projecting from said web.
  • Fin 13 extends. generally longitudinally from the instep 14 of shoe portion 1 to outer free end 7 of web 6 and may be integrally molded with the latter of a like material. It is noted in Fig. 2 that the cross section of fin 13 decreases as it projects away from web 6 so as to increase the flexibility of said fin near the outer edge 15 thereof.
  • Outer edge 15 is likewise seen to diverge generally from shoe portion 1 to its outer free end 16 and said edge may be formed along a curve near said free end in a manner similar to edges 9, 10 of web 6.
  • both outer free ends 7 and 16 may be formed with reentrant angles so that the side edges 9, 10, and 15 extend further from shoe portion 1 than do the portions of web 6 and fin 13 adjacent their juncture 17. It will be noted that fin 13 is preferably placed on the upper side of web 6 so that a swimmer may comfortably walk on a beach or the like without interference from projections below the level of sole 2.
  • web 6 provides power to a swimmer in a manner similar to a fishs tail by being oscillated through the water under the influence of a scissor-like kicking motion.
  • web 6 may be slightly angularly disposed with respect to sole 2 of the shoe portion 1 as shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fin 13 does not appreciably effect the power available from web 6, but instead acts in a manner similar to a rudder or keel on a boat. In this manner, fin 13 not only provides directional stability to the swimmer, but increases immeasurably his mobility and maneuverability. Through the use of this invention greater control is obtained during turns in the water and quicker stops are possible of attainment by the swimmer.
  • said shoe portion is preferably provided with a plurality of openings 18 therethrough. Said openings help create a suction between the wearers foot and shoe portion 1 and thereby aid in gripping the foot.
  • sole 2 may be provided with a flap covered opening 19 (Figs. 3, 5). Not only will opening 19 drain the water from shoe portion 1, but the Patented June 9, 1959 p flaps. associated therewith cover said opening to protect the wearers foot while walking.
  • heel 5 may be provided with a cutwater blade 20 projecting therefrom. Not only does blade 20 in effect streamline shoe portion 1, but said blade may act as a protective bumper in the event a swimmer should kick his heel against an, underwater obstruction.
  • the entire flipper shown in Fig. 1, including shoe portion 1 and cutwater blade 20, is preferably integrally molded of a rubber-like material.
  • a swim flipper comprising a pocket portion adapted to receive at least the fore part of the foot of the wearer, a generally horizontal web projecting from said pocket in extension of the toe of the foot, and a generally vertical fin extendin from said web adjacent the outer free end thereof and disposed longitudinally of the foot, the outer free side edges of said web and said fin diverging from said pocket portion to the outer free ends thereof.
  • a swim flipper comprising a shoe portion having an upper side and a lower sole and adapted to receive the foot of the wearer, a web projecting from the toe of said shoe portion generally in extension of the sole thereof, and a fin projecting from the upper side of said web and extending generally from said shoe portion to the outer free end of said web, the outer free side edges of said web and said fin diverging generally from said shoe portion to the outer free ends thereof.
  • a swim flipper comprising a shoe portion having an upper side and a lower sole and adapted to receive the foot of the wearer, a web projecting from the toe of said shoe portion generally in extension of the sole thereof, and a fin projecting from the upper side of said web and extending generally from said shoe portion to the outer free end of said web and forming a juncture therebetween, the outer free side edges of said web and said fin diverging generally from said shoe portion to the outer free ends thereof, said outer free ends of said web and said fin being formed with reentrant angles whereby 4 the outer free side edges of said web and said fin extend further from said shoe portion than the portions of said web and said fin adjacent the juncture therebetween.
  • a swim flipper comprising a shoe portion having an upper side and a lower sole and adapted to receive the foot of the wearer, a web projecting from the toe of said shoe portion generally in extension of the sole thereof, and a fin projecting from the upper side of said web and extending generally from said shoe portion to the outer free end. of said web, and a cutwater blade projecting from the heel of said shoe portion for reducing the drag of said shoe portion through the water.
  • a swim flipper comprising a portion adapted to be attached to the foot of the wearer, a generally horizontal web extending from said portion in extension of the toe of the foot and having upper and lower surfaces and opposed free side edges, and a generally vertical fin projecting from one of said surfaces of said web between said side edges and extending from said portion in extension of the toe of the foot.
  • a swim flipper comprising a portion adapted to be attached to the foot of the wearer, a generally horizontal web extending from said portion in extension of the toe of the foot and having upper and lower surfaces and opposed free side edges, and a generally vertical fin projecting from one of said surfaces of said web between said side edges and extending from said portion in extension of the toe of the foot, said fin projecting further from said web at a point removed from. said portion than adjacent said portion.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)

Description

June 9, 1959 E. w. LAMB ETAL SWIM FLIPPER Filed Feb. 27, 1956 N m MAO W Q W M WW5 M V. B
ATTORNEYS United States Patent SWIM FLIPPER Edward W. Lamb and Melvin EE. McGowan, Sacramento, Calif.
Application February 27, 1956, Serial No. 567,978
6 Claims. (Cl. 9-21) This invention relates to swim flippers of the type used to increase the kicking power of the swimmer.
Heretofore, swim flippers have consisted of some sort of pocket portion for receiving the foot of a swimmer and some sort of hinged or resilient web extending from the pocket portion. Usually this web has been formed to imitate a fishs tail except that it has been in horizontal extension of the swimmers foot. The sole purpose of prior known sWim flippers has been to provide the foot with a greater amount of water contact area in order to increase the speed available to a swimmer using a scissor-like kicking motion.
The prior art swim flippers, however, have provided a swimmer with only increased power or speed in a single direction and have made no provision for directional control. A swimmer using the prior art devices has therefore had to rely upon hand movements and twisting of the body in order to maneuver under water.
It is therefore the main object of this invention to provide a swim flipper so constructed as to provide a swimmer with directional control.
Another object of this invention is the provision of a swim flipper which aids a swimmer in maneuvering and controlling his speed in the water.
Still another object of this invention is the provision of a swim flipper which accomplishes the above advantages without appreciably increasing the drag on the swimmers feet.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a swim flipper which, in use, most nearly simulates the action of a fish.
It is a still further object of this invention to provide a swim flipper having a stabilizer fin for increasing the control and thereby the safety of an underwater swimmer.
Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of the swim flipper of this invention;
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along line 22 of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a bottom plan view of the swim flipper of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is a perspective View of the swim flipper of Fig. 1 showing it on the foot of a wearer; and,
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a pair of the swim flippers of Fig. 1 shown in use.
In detail, the swim flipper of this invention comprises a shoe or pocket portion generally designated 1, adapted to receive the foot of a swimmer. Said shoe portion includes a sole 2 and an upper section 3 which may have the conventional toe 4 and heel 5. For the purposes of this description, shoe portion 1 may be compared in general configuration with a low oxford or slipper, however, it is obvious that many modified forms of pockets may likewise be conformed to fit the foot of a wearer. One of such modifications might be provided by including merely the toe pocket 4 with a strap or the like extending therefrom around the heel of a swimmers foot. The sole efiect to be achieved is the provision of a member which will remain in place on a swimmers foot with comfort.
Projecting from the toe 4 of shoe portion 1 generally in extension of sole 2 is a generally horizontal web 6. Said web may be integrally molded with shoe portion 1 of a flexible, resilient, rubber-like material and is preferably formed to a thicker cross section adjacent toe 4 than at its outer free end 7. Said web may also be provided with longitudinally extending ribs 8 (Fig. 4) to provide for a greater flexibility at the outer free end of said web than at the juncture between web 6 and shoe portion 1.
The opposite side edges 9, 10 of web 6 preferably diverge from shoe portion 1 to the outer free end 7 thereof. Said side edges may be formed along a double curve as shown in Fig. 3 to be almost parallel at their juncture with free outer end 7.
The purpose of web 6 is to provide a substantially greater hydrodynamic surface to a swimmers foot 11 (Figs. 4, 5) for substantially increasing the swimmers kicking power and therefore speed available to him in the water. It has been found that web 6, although accomplishing the above purpose, does not aid in the swimmers control of his direction through the water.
This invention therefore provides a generally vertical fin 13 projecting from said web. Fin 13 extends. generally longitudinally from the instep 14 of shoe portion 1 to outer free end 7 of web 6 and may be integrally molded with the latter of a like material. It is noted in Fig. 2 that the cross section of fin 13 decreases as it projects away from web 6 so as to increase the flexibility of said fin near the outer edge 15 thereof. Outer edge 15 is likewise seen to diverge generally from shoe portion 1 to its outer free end 16 and said edge may be formed along a curve near said free end in a manner similar to edges 9, 10 of web 6.
If desired, both outer free ends 7 and 16 may be formed with reentrant angles so that the side edges 9, 10, and 15 extend further from shoe portion 1 than do the portions of web 6 and fin 13 adjacent their juncture 17. It will be noted that fin 13 is preferably placed on the upper side of web 6 so that a swimmer may comfortably walk on a beach or the like without interference from projections below the level of sole 2.
In operation, web 6, as previously described, provides power to a swimmer in a manner similar to a fishs tail by being oscillated through the water under the influence of a scissor-like kicking motion. To provide a more efficient angle of attack during this kicking motion, web 6 may be slightly angularly disposed with respect to sole 2 of the shoe portion 1 as shown in Fig. 1.
Fin 13 does not appreciably effect the power available from web 6, but instead acts in a manner similar to a rudder or keel on a boat. In this manner, fin 13 not only provides directional stability to the swimmer, but increases immeasurably his mobility and maneuverability. Through the use of this invention greater control is obtained during turns in the water and quicker stops are possible of attainment by the swimmer.
Since the efliciency obtained by a swimmer in the use of this invention depends somewhat on the fit of shoe portion 1 with respect to his foot 11, said shoe portion is preferably provided with a plurality of openings 18 therethrough. Said openings help create a suction between the wearers foot and shoe portion 1 and thereby aid in gripping the foot. To provide for drainage of any water entering shoe portion 1, sole 2 may be provided with a flap covered opening 19 (Figs. 3, 5). Not only will opening 19 drain the water from shoe portion 1, but the Patented June 9, 1959 p flaps. associated therewith cover said opening to protect the wearers foot while walking.
To decrease the resistance of shoe portion 1 through the water, heel 5 may be provided with a cutwater blade 20 projecting therefrom. Not only does blade 20 in effect streamline shoe portion 1, but said blade may act as a protective bumper in the event a swimmer should kick his heel against an, underwater obstruction.
As previously explained, the entire flipper shown in Fig. 1, including shoe portion 1 and cutwater blade 20, is preferably integrally molded of a rubber-like material. Although the description and the drawings illustrate a particular modification of this invention, it is obvious that changes in design could be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
We claim:
1. A swim flipper comprising a pocket portion adapted to receive at least the fore part of the foot of the wearer, a generally horizontal web projecting from said pocket in extension of the toe of the foot, and a generally vertical fin extendin from said web adjacent the outer free end thereof and disposed longitudinally of the foot, the outer free side edges of said web and said fin diverging from said pocket portion to the outer free ends thereof.
2. A swim flipper comprising a shoe portion having an upper side and a lower sole and adapted to receive the foot of the wearer, a web projecting from the toe of said shoe portion generally in extension of the sole thereof, and a fin projecting from the upper side of said web and extending generally from said shoe portion to the outer free end of said web, the outer free side edges of said web and said fin diverging generally from said shoe portion to the outer free ends thereof.
3. A swim flipper comprising a shoe portion having an upper side and a lower sole and adapted to receive the foot of the wearer, a web projecting from the toe of said shoe portion generally in extension of the sole thereof, and a fin projecting from the upper side of said web and extending generally from said shoe portion to the outer free end of said web and forming a juncture therebetween, the outer free side edges of said web and said fin diverging generally from said shoe portion to the outer free ends thereof, said outer free ends of said web and said fin being formed with reentrant angles whereby 4 the outer free side edges of said web and said fin extend further from said shoe portion than the portions of said web and said fin adjacent the juncture therebetween.
4. A swim flipper comprising a shoe portion having an upper side and a lower sole and adapted to receive the foot of the wearer, a web projecting from the toe of said shoe portion generally in extension of the sole thereof, and a fin projecting from the upper side of said web and extending generally from said shoe portion to the outer free end. of said web, and a cutwater blade projecting from the heel of said shoe portion for reducing the drag of said shoe portion through the water.
5. A swim flipper comprising a portion adapted to be attached to the foot of the wearer, a generally horizontal web extending from said portion in extension of the toe of the foot and having upper and lower surfaces and opposed free side edges, and a generally vertical fin projecting from one of said surfaces of said web between said side edges and extending from said portion in extension of the toe of the foot.
6. A swim flipper comprising a portion adapted to be attached to the foot of the wearer, a generally horizontal web extending from said portion in extension of the toe of the foot and having upper and lower surfaces and opposed free side edges, and a generally vertical fin projecting from one of said surfaces of said web between said side edges and extending from said portion in extension of the toe of the foot, said fin projecting further from said web at a point removed from. said portion than adjacent said portion.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 169,396 Ahlstrom Nov. 2, 1875 1,185,411 Kennard May 30, 1916 1,494,452 Waldron et a1. May 20, 1924 1,590,484 Volker June 29, 1926 2,321,009 Churchill June 8, 1943 2,423,571 Wilen July 8, 1947 2,729,832 Schmitz Jan. 10, 1956 2,737,668 Cressi et a] Mar. 13, 1956 FOREIGN PATENTS 746,764 Great Britain Mar. 21, 1956
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Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3019458A (en) * 1957-12-03 1962-02-06 Barbieri Ettore De Spoon-shaped swim-fin
US3042943A (en) * 1960-11-30 1962-07-10 Katehis George Swimming flippers
US3055025A (en) * 1959-04-20 1962-09-25 Ferraro Luigi Swimming fins or flippers
US3109186A (en) * 1962-04-06 1963-11-05 Clifford M Glenn Leg fin
DE1180286B (en) * 1959-04-20 1964-10-22 Antonio Cressi Swim fin
DE1202693B (en) * 1960-03-25 1965-10-07 Cavalero & Cie Swim fin
US3810269A (en) * 1972-09-14 1974-05-14 K Tabata Swimmer{40 s foot fin
US5266062A (en) * 1992-07-28 1993-11-30 John L. Runckel Trust Amphibious footwear
US5290194A (en) * 1993-04-16 1994-03-01 Kransco Swim fin with differential stiffness characteristics
US5312278A (en) * 1992-09-24 1994-05-17 Jen Wu R Swimming glove
US5387145A (en) * 1993-07-07 1995-02-07 Wagner; John L. Swim fins
US5389058A (en) * 1993-10-18 1995-02-14 Torrington Capital Limited Method and apparatus for exercising the lower back
US5511999A (en) * 1995-05-15 1996-04-30 Cochran; Andrew A. Flipper
US5533918A (en) * 1995-01-04 1996-07-09 Stan A. Sanders Surfer's fin
US5906525A (en) * 1997-07-16 1999-05-25 Melius; John David Swim fins flexible body/boot, firm wing caudal tail/blade and possible modular construction for versatility
US6095879A (en) * 1998-05-14 2000-08-01 Mccarthy; Peter T. Methods for creating consistent large scale blade deflections
US6146224A (en) * 1996-01-11 2000-11-14 Mccarthy; Peter T. High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US20020025744A1 (en) * 1998-05-14 2002-02-28 Mccarthy Peter T. Methods for creating large scale focused blade deflections
US6371821B1 (en) 1996-01-11 2002-04-16 Nature's Wing Fin Designs, Llc High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US6394863B1 (en) * 2000-10-11 2002-05-28 Chien-Rung Chen Fin with movable flap
US6482059B2 (en) 1997-05-09 2002-11-19 Mccarthy Peter T. High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US6568975B1 (en) * 2002-01-16 2003-05-27 Alan Perry Staged expandable swim fin
US6764362B1 (en) * 2003-05-03 2004-07-20 Clarence Wenzel Monofin swimming apparatus
US6884134B2 (en) 2002-07-19 2005-04-26 Mccarthy Peter T. High deflection hydrofoils and swim fins
US20090325434A1 (en) * 2008-06-30 2009-12-31 Warnaco Swimwear, Inc. Swim fin
ITGE20080061A1 (en) * 2008-07-18 2010-01-19 Mares Spa PIN FOR SWIMMING OF THE TYPE WITH SHOE OPEN IN THE HEEL AREA.
US20150164177A1 (en) * 2013-12-15 2015-06-18 Paul E. Hohmann Nozzle shoe
US20160051005A1 (en) * 2013-12-15 2016-02-25 Paul E. Hohmann Nozzle shoe
US9364717B2 (en) 2014-01-16 2016-06-14 Kathleen Davis Swimming fin
US9643055B2 (en) * 2015-10-08 2017-05-09 Tyr Sport, Inc. Swim fin
USD886223S1 (en) 2019-02-08 2020-06-02 Tyr Sport, Inc. Swim fin
US10744374B1 (en) 2019-04-08 2020-08-18 Tyr Sport, Inc. Swim fin with an upper portion having debossed regions and triple-bladed rails
US10905175B1 (en) 2020-05-21 2021-02-02 Tyr Sport, Inc. Swimsuit with tension bands and reinforcement liners

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US169396A (en) * 1875-11-02 ahlstrom
US1185411A (en) * 1914-06-09 1916-05-30 Clifford De B Kennard Swimming-glove.
US1494452A (en) * 1922-09-29 1924-05-20 Charles R Waldron Bathing shoe or slipper
US1590484A (en) * 1923-07-27 1926-06-29 Volker Waldemar Device for the augmentation of human swimming performances
US2321009A (en) * 1940-09-27 1943-06-08 Owen P Churchill Swim fin
US2423571A (en) * 1944-12-20 1947-07-08 Charles H Wilen Swimming tail
US2729832A (en) * 1952-02-28 1956-01-10 Schmitz Walter Swimming fin
US2737668A (en) * 1953-08-31 1956-03-13 Cressi Giovanni Fins for swimmers
GB746764A (en) * 1953-03-23 1956-03-21 E T Skinner & Company Ltd Improvements in or relating to swim-fins

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US169396A (en) * 1875-11-02 ahlstrom
US1185411A (en) * 1914-06-09 1916-05-30 Clifford De B Kennard Swimming-glove.
US1494452A (en) * 1922-09-29 1924-05-20 Charles R Waldron Bathing shoe or slipper
US1590484A (en) * 1923-07-27 1926-06-29 Volker Waldemar Device for the augmentation of human swimming performances
US2321009A (en) * 1940-09-27 1943-06-08 Owen P Churchill Swim fin
US2423571A (en) * 1944-12-20 1947-07-08 Charles H Wilen Swimming tail
US2729832A (en) * 1952-02-28 1956-01-10 Schmitz Walter Swimming fin
GB746764A (en) * 1953-03-23 1956-03-21 E T Skinner & Company Ltd Improvements in or relating to swim-fins
US2737668A (en) * 1953-08-31 1956-03-13 Cressi Giovanni Fins for swimmers

Cited By (62)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3019458A (en) * 1957-12-03 1962-02-06 Barbieri Ettore De Spoon-shaped swim-fin
US3055025A (en) * 1959-04-20 1962-09-25 Ferraro Luigi Swimming fins or flippers
DE1180286B (en) * 1959-04-20 1964-10-22 Antonio Cressi Swim fin
DE1202693B (en) * 1960-03-25 1965-10-07 Cavalero & Cie Swim fin
US3042943A (en) * 1960-11-30 1962-07-10 Katehis George Swimming flippers
US3109186A (en) * 1962-04-06 1963-11-05 Clifford M Glenn Leg fin
US3810269A (en) * 1972-09-14 1974-05-14 K Tabata Swimmer{40 s foot fin
US5266062A (en) * 1992-07-28 1993-11-30 John L. Runckel Trust Amphibious footwear
US5312278A (en) * 1992-09-24 1994-05-17 Jen Wu R Swimming glove
US5290194A (en) * 1993-04-16 1994-03-01 Kransco Swim fin with differential stiffness characteristics
US5387145A (en) * 1993-07-07 1995-02-07 Wagner; John L. Swim fins
US5389058A (en) * 1993-10-18 1995-02-14 Torrington Capital Limited Method and apparatus for exercising the lower back
US5533918A (en) * 1995-01-04 1996-07-09 Stan A. Sanders Surfer's fin
US5511999A (en) * 1995-05-15 1996-04-30 Cochran; Andrew A. Flipper
US20070173143A1 (en) * 1996-01-11 2007-07-26 Mccarthy Peter T High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US6146224A (en) * 1996-01-11 2000-11-14 Mccarthy; Peter T. High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US7101240B2 (en) 1996-01-11 2006-09-05 Mccarthy Peter T High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US6371821B1 (en) 1996-01-11 2002-04-16 Nature's Wing Fin Designs, Llc High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US20040248481A1 (en) * 1996-01-11 2004-12-09 Mccarthy Peter T. High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US6607411B1 (en) 1996-01-11 2003-08-19 Mccarthy Peter T. High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US6497597B2 (en) 1996-01-11 2002-12-24 Mccarthy Peter T. High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US6719599B2 (en) 1996-01-11 2004-04-13 Mccarthy Peter T. High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US6585548B2 (en) 1996-01-11 2003-07-01 Mccarthy Peter T. High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US6482059B2 (en) 1997-05-09 2002-11-19 Mccarthy Peter T. High efficiency hydrofoil and swim fin designs
US5906525A (en) * 1997-07-16 1999-05-25 Melius; John David Swim fins flexible body/boot, firm wing caudal tail/blade and possible modular construction for versatility
US20040152376A1 (en) * 1998-05-14 2004-08-05 Mccarthy Peter T. Methods for creating consistent large scale blade blade deflections
US6712656B2 (en) 1998-05-14 2004-03-30 Mccarthy Peter T. Methods for creating consistent large scale blade deflections
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