US2737668A - Fins for swimmers - Google Patents

Fins for swimmers Download PDF

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Publication number
US2737668A
US2737668A US377630A US37763053A US2737668A US 2737668 A US2737668 A US 2737668A US 377630 A US377630 A US 377630A US 37763053 A US37763053 A US 37763053A US 2737668 A US2737668 A US 2737668A
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fin
fins
foot
swimmers
present
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US377630A
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Cressi Giovanni
Ferraro Luigi
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B31/00—Swimming aids
    • A63B31/08—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs
    • A63B31/10—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs held by, or attachable to, the hands or feet
    • A63B31/11—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs held by, or attachable to, the hands or feet attachable only to the feet

Definitions

  • the angle formed by the axis of the fin and by that of the tibia of the swimmer is excessively narrow, thereby causing loss of efficiency due to the attrition which takes place with respect to the direction of swimming, since it is evident that the ideal position of maximum efiiciency is that corresponding to the widest angle between the ideal axis of the tibia and that of the fin.
  • the fins known at present are so shaped that the point on which the force acts on the foot is too distant from the ankle, entailing a long lever-arm and, consequently, discomfort of the foot and of the ankle of the swimmer.
  • present day fins constrict the foot, particularly the forward portion of it in a sort of shoe which does not permit free movement of the toes, causing further discomfort to the wearer.
  • the improvements according to the invention consist in the construction of a fin for swimmers which overcomes the above mentioned inconveniences, and having a shape as will entail the smallest possible passive stress in relation to the task it has to perform.
  • the fin according to the present improvements is shaped in such a Way that it forms with the ideal axis of the tibia a much wider angle than in the case of other models, with great advantage for the swimmer. Furthermore, the fin according to the present invention leaves the toes uncovered, ensuring their freedom of movement, avoiding the above mentioned constriction and discomfort and permitting the expulsion of sand, grit and the like. Lastly, the fin according to the present invention is provided with rounded edges for the purpose of reducing to a minimum the passive resistance of the water.
  • the present invention is illustrated by way of example in the drawing herewith, in which:
  • Fig. l is the fin according to the improvements of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view of Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 is the fin according to the invention, in working position and Fig. 4 is one of the known fins in working position, shown for the purpose of comparison with Fig. 3.
  • the fin according to the present invention is shaped in such a manner that at the back it has an appearance similar to that of a shoe, with buttress or heel section 1 for the heel in one piece with the sole 2, which forms an angle with the front fin portion 2'.
  • the fin according to the invention is provided with a housing 3 for the foot, the toes projecting through the opening 4.
  • the borders or side portions 5 of the fin have rounded edges 6 and 7 suitably shaped for-the water to run along them with a minimum of attrition and passive resistance. These side portions form arcuately shaped lateral extensions of the foot portion.
  • the borders 5 form lateral extensions of the foot portion and together with the front fin portion 2 form an increased fin area. It can be seen that since border portions 5 extend rearwardly to the heel section that a comparatively short lever arm is obtained thereby facilitating operation of the fin.
  • the fin according to the invention conceived as above described, is as near as possible to the ideal fin, which should follow the line of axis A (Fig. 3), inasmuch as the angle P between said axis A and axis A is much wider than the angle K formed in ordinary fins (Fig. 4) by axis A and axis S.
  • the point 8 on which the force acts on the foot (Fig. 3) is much nearer to the ankle than point 9 (Fig. 4) which in the known types is located near the metatarsus.
  • the functioning of the fin according to the present invention is made evident by Fig. 3.
  • said functioning provides a much higher degree of efiiciency than other similar devices inasmuch as swimming is made swifter with less efiort.
  • the fin fits the foot comfortably and is subject to less resistance owing to its particular shape which permits the water to slide, so to speak, along the rounded edges, without creating the right angle resistance offered by fiat fins.
  • the shape of the sole further increases efiiciency inasmuch as it ofiers two planes of adherence to the foot and consequently provides a more efiicient use of the effort of the foot.
  • a fin for a swimmer comprising a foot portion having an integral upwardly extending heel section and an open toe section, an elongated fin portion integrally formed on said foot portion, said fin having side portions forming arcuately shaped lateral extensions of the foot portion, said side portions extending rearwardly to a point immediately adjacent the heel section, and a front fin portion integrally formed with the open toe section of the foot portion and the side portions of the fin, said fin extending at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of said foot portion.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)

Description

March 13, 1956 G. CRESSI ET AL FINS FOR SWIMMERS Filed Aug. 31, 1953 IN V EN TOR.5
MFA/E y United States Patent FINS FOR SWIMMERS Giovanni Cressi and Luigi Ferraro, Genoa, Italy Application August 31, 1953, Serial No. 377,630 1 Claim. (Cl. 9-21) Fins for the purpose of increasing elficiency in swimming are already known, but the devices of this kind at present in use have the serious disadvantage of requiring a bigger efiort on the part of the swimmer and of alfording less efiiciency than it could reasonably be expected. As a matter of fact in present day fins the angle formed by the axis of the fin and by that of the tibia of the swimmer is excessively narrow, thereby causing loss of efficiency due to the attrition which takes place with respect to the direction of swimming, since it is evident that the ideal position of maximum efiiciency is that corresponding to the widest angle between the ideal axis of the tibia and that of the fin. Moreover, the fins known at present are so shaped that the point on which the force acts on the foot is too distant from the ankle, entailing a long lever-arm and, consequently, discomfort of the foot and of the ankle of the swimmer. Also, present day fins constrict the foot, particularly the forward portion of it in a sort of shoe which does not permit free movement of the toes, causing further discomfort to the wearer.
The improvements according to the invention consist in the construction of a fin for swimmers which overcomes the above mentioned inconveniences, and having a shape as will entail the smallest possible passive stress in relation to the task it has to perform.
in fact, the fin according to the present improvements is shaped in such a Way that it forms with the ideal axis of the tibia a much wider angle than in the case of other models, with great advantage for the swimmer. Furthermore, the fin according to the present invention leaves the toes uncovered, ensuring their freedom of movement, avoiding the above mentioned constriction and discomfort and permitting the expulsion of sand, grit and the like. Lastly, the fin according to the present invention is provided with rounded edges for the purpose of reducing to a minimum the passive resistance of the water. The present invention is illustrated by way of example in the drawing herewith, in which:
Fig. l is the fin according to the improvements of the present invention,
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 is the fin according to the invention, in working position and Fig. 4 is one of the known fins in working position, shown for the purpose of comparison with Fig. 3.
In said figures the fin according to the present invention is shaped in such a manner that at the back it has an appearance similar to that of a shoe, with buttress or heel section 1 for the heel in one piece with the sole 2, which forms an angle with the front fin portion 2'.
The fin according to the invention is provided with a housing 3 for the foot, the toes projecting through the opening 4. The borders or side portions 5 of the fin have rounded edges 6 and 7 suitably shaped for-the water to run along them with a minimum of attrition and passive resistance. These side portions form arcuately shaped lateral extensions of the foot portion. The borders 5 form lateral extensions of the foot portion and together with the front fin portion 2 form an increased fin area. It can be seen that since border portions 5 extend rearwardly to the heel section that a comparatively short lever arm is obtained thereby facilitating operation of the fin.
The fin according to the invention, conceived as above described, is as near as possible to the ideal fin, which should follow the line of axis A (Fig. 3), inasmuch as the angle P between said axis A and axis A is much wider than the angle K formed in ordinary fins (Fig. 4) by axis A and axis S. The point 8 on which the force acts on the foot (Fig. 3), is much nearer to the ankle than point 9 (Fig. 4) which in the known types is located near the metatarsus.
The functioning of the fin according to the present invention is made evident by Fig. 3. For the reasons mentioned above, said functioning provides a much higher degree of efiiciency than other similar devices inasmuch as swimming is made swifter with less efiort. The fin fits the foot comfortably and is subject to less resistance owing to its particular shape which permits the water to slide, so to speak, along the rounded edges, without creating the right angle resistance offered by fiat fins. Furthermore, the shape of the sole further increases efiiciency inasmuch as it ofiers two planes of adherence to the foot and consequently provides a more efiicient use of the effort of the foot.
The fin described above may in practice be subject to some modifications in shape and of angles. The invention therefore is not to be restricted except in so far as is necessitated by the spirit of the appended claim.
We claim:
A fin for a swimmer comprising a foot portion having an integral upwardly extending heel section and an open toe section, an elongated fin portion integrally formed on said foot portion, said fin having side portions forming arcuately shaped lateral extensions of the foot portion, said side portions extending rearwardly to a point immediately adjacent the heel section, and a front fin portion integrally formed with the open toe section of the foot portion and the side portions of the fin, said fin extending at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of said foot portion.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Re. 23,006 Churchill June 15, 1948 D. 132,377 Smith May 12, 1942 2,099,973 Corlieu Nov. 23, 1937 FOREIGN PATENTS 819,804 Germany Nov. 5, 1951 1,014,738 France Aug. 20, 1952
US377630A 1953-08-31 1953-08-31 Fins for swimmers Expired - Lifetime US2737668A (en)

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2889563A (en) * 1956-02-27 1959-06-09 Edward W Lamb Swim flipper
US3019458A (en) * 1957-12-03 1962-02-06 Barbieri Ettore De Spoon-shaped swim-fin
US3112503A (en) * 1962-08-01 1963-12-03 Barney B Girden Swimming device
US3165764A (en) * 1962-10-15 1965-01-19 Sports Ind Inc Detachable coupling for swimming fin
US4697407A (en) * 1980-03-24 1987-10-06 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Retroreflective fiber and method of making same
US4737127A (en) * 1985-11-12 1988-04-12 Under Sea Industries, Inc. Hydrodynamic swim fin
US4775343A (en) * 1985-11-12 1988-10-04 Undersea Industries, Inc. Hydrodynamic swim fin
US4795385A (en) * 1987-01-14 1989-01-03 Tabata Co Ltd Diving fin
US5356323A (en) * 1990-12-31 1994-10-18 Evans Robert B Closed shoe swim fin
US6568974B2 (en) 2000-09-29 2003-05-27 Scubapro Europe S.R.L. Swim and scuba fin
US6568973B2 (en) 2000-02-25 2003-05-27 Salvas Sub S.P.A. Swim or dive fin
US20040029465A1 (en) * 2002-08-06 2004-02-12 Landel Technology, Inc. Swim training fin
US20100120304A1 (en) * 2008-11-12 2010-05-13 Twombly Susan M Swim Fin Device
US20110081813A1 (en) * 2008-11-12 2011-04-07 Twombly Susan M Recreational Swimming Ensemble
US20110312231A1 (en) * 2010-06-21 2011-12-22 David Montemurro Swim Fin Boot
US9643055B2 (en) 2015-10-08 2017-05-09 Tyr Sport, Inc. Swim fin
USD886223S1 (en) 2019-02-08 2020-06-02 Tyr Sport, Inc. Swim fin
US10744374B1 (en) 2019-04-08 2020-08-18 Tyr Sport, Inc. Swim fin with an upper portion having debossed regions and triple-bladed rails
US10905175B1 (en) 2020-05-21 2021-02-02 Tyr Sport, Inc. Swimsuit with tension bands and reinforcement liners

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2099973A (en) * 1933-04-06 1937-11-23 Corlieu Louis Marie De Lifesaving and swimming propelling device
USRE23006E (en) * 1948-06-15 Swim fin
DE819804C (en) * 1950-05-27 1951-11-05 Kessler & Riedemann Swimming flippers to be attached to the foot
FR1014738A (en) * 1950-03-17 1952-08-20 Swimming device adaptable to the feet allowing rapid advance of the swimmer

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE23006E (en) * 1948-06-15 Swim fin
US2099973A (en) * 1933-04-06 1937-11-23 Corlieu Louis Marie De Lifesaving and swimming propelling device
FR1014738A (en) * 1950-03-17 1952-08-20 Swimming device adaptable to the feet allowing rapid advance of the swimmer
DE819804C (en) * 1950-05-27 1951-11-05 Kessler & Riedemann Swimming flippers to be attached to the foot

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2889563A (en) * 1956-02-27 1959-06-09 Edward W Lamb Swim flipper
US3019458A (en) * 1957-12-03 1962-02-06 Barbieri Ettore De Spoon-shaped swim-fin
US3112503A (en) * 1962-08-01 1963-12-03 Barney B Girden Swimming device
US3165764A (en) * 1962-10-15 1965-01-19 Sports Ind Inc Detachable coupling for swimming fin
US4697407A (en) * 1980-03-24 1987-10-06 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Retroreflective fiber and method of making same
US4737127A (en) * 1985-11-12 1988-04-12 Under Sea Industries, Inc. Hydrodynamic swim fin
US4775343A (en) * 1985-11-12 1988-10-04 Undersea Industries, Inc. Hydrodynamic swim fin
US4795385A (en) * 1987-01-14 1989-01-03 Tabata Co Ltd Diving fin
US5356323A (en) * 1990-12-31 1994-10-18 Evans Robert B Closed shoe swim fin
US6568973B2 (en) 2000-02-25 2003-05-27 Salvas Sub S.P.A. Swim or dive fin
US6568974B2 (en) 2000-09-29 2003-05-27 Scubapro Europe S.R.L. Swim and scuba fin
US20040029465A1 (en) * 2002-08-06 2004-02-12 Landel Technology, Inc. Swim training fin
US6979241B2 (en) * 2002-08-06 2005-12-27 Zoomers Swim training fin
US20100120304A1 (en) * 2008-11-12 2010-05-13 Twombly Susan M Swim Fin Device
US7854638B2 (en) 2008-11-12 2010-12-21 Twombly Susan M Swim fin device
US20110081813A1 (en) * 2008-11-12 2011-04-07 Twombly Susan M Recreational Swimming Ensemble
US20110312231A1 (en) * 2010-06-21 2011-12-22 David Montemurro Swim Fin Boot
US9643055B2 (en) 2015-10-08 2017-05-09 Tyr Sport, Inc. Swim fin
USD886223S1 (en) 2019-02-08 2020-06-02 Tyr Sport, Inc. Swim fin
US10744374B1 (en) 2019-04-08 2020-08-18 Tyr Sport, Inc. Swim fin with an upper portion having debossed regions and triple-bladed rails
US10905175B1 (en) 2020-05-21 2021-02-02 Tyr Sport, Inc. Swimsuit with tension bands and reinforcement liners
US11058157B1 (en) 2020-05-21 2021-07-13 Tyr Sport, Inc. Swimsuit with tension bands and reinforcement liners

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