US3065526A - Material for handling molten glass - Google Patents
Material for handling molten glass Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3065526A US3065526A US760061A US76006158A US3065526A US 3065526 A US3065526 A US 3065526A US 760061 A US760061 A US 760061A US 76006158 A US76006158 A US 76006158A US 3065526 A US3065526 A US 3065526A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- platinum
- molten glass
- rhodium
- gold
- alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000629 Rh alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- JUWSSMXCCAMYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold platinum Chemical compound [Pt].[Au] JUWSSMXCCAMYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/018—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of a noble metal or a noble metal alloy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/08—Bushings, e.g. construction, bushing reinforcement means; Spinnerettes; Nozzles; Nozzle plates
- C03B37/0805—Manufacturing, repairing, or other treatment of bushings, nozzles or bushing nozzle plates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/08—Bushings, e.g. construction, bushing reinforcement means; Spinnerettes; Nozzles; Nozzle plates
- C03B37/095—Use of materials therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
- Y10S428/924—Composite
- Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/934—Electrical process
- Y10S428/935—Electroplating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/941—Solid state alloying, e.g. diffusion, to disappearance of an original layer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12875—Platinum group metal-base component
Definitions
- the present invention deals with an apparatus for handling molten glass as, for example, glass forming dies or extrusion nozzles for the spinning of glass fibers.
- Alloys of platinum with up to about 50 percent rhodium have been suggested and used for the manufacture of many types of spinning nozzles for artificial fibers, these alloys combining the required properties for the purpose, to a large extent, such as hardness and corrosion resistance.
- the desired properties of hardness, and of non-Wetting by molten glass can be obtained by depositing, for example by electroplating or any other suitable method, a double coating upon an article of a platinum-rhodium alloy, which may be the portion of an apparatus which contacts molten glass, such as a spinnerette for spinning glass fibers, a die in a press or the like.
- the article is coated with platinum, and then a coating of gold is applied upon the platinum layer whereupon the article is heated to diffusion temperature, preferably by placing it in a furnace at about 800 C. and gradually raising the temperature to about 1200 C.
- the heat treatment causes the metals to diffuse into each other whereby, in the different boundary zones, solid solutions are formed, thus insuring that the coatings adhere firmly to each other and to the platinum-rhodium surface.
- the coatings of platinum and gold may be in the range of about 0.0001 to about 0.001 inch and good results have been obtained with layers of about 0.0005 inch.
- a material for handling molten glass and resistant to wetting by molten glass composed of an alloy of platinum and from 10 percent to 50 percent rhodium with a coating on a surface thereof composed of interdifiused layers of platinum and gold with the platinum on the platinum-rhodium surface and the gold on the platinum and each of the layers having a thickness of up to 0.001", and the surface of the coating having a hardness at least equal to the platinum-rhodium alloy.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
Description
3,055,526 Patented Nov. 27, 1962 MATERIAL 1 R NDLING MOLTEN GLASS James S. Hill, Cranford, NJ, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Engeihard Industries, ind, Newark, NJ, a
corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Qriginal application Oct. 25, 1957, Ser.
No. 692,257, new Fatent No. 2,973,283, dated Feb.
28, 1961. Divided and this application Sept. 10, 1958,
Ser. No. 760,061
2 Claims. (Ci. 29199) The present invention deals with an apparatus for handling molten glass as, for example, glass forming dies or extrusion nozzles for the spinning of glass fibers.
Alloys of platinum with up to about 50 percent rhodium have been suggested and used for the manufacture of many types of spinning nozzles for artificial fibers, these alloys combining the required properties for the purpose, to a large extent, such as hardness and corrosion resistance.
However, for apparatus handling molten glass, such as e.g. glass spinnerettes, a further requirement for satisfactory operation becomes important, i.e., the surface which is in contact with the molten glass should not be Wetted thereby. This requirement is not satisfactorily met by the platinum-rhodium alloys used heretofore. On the other hand, it is known that platinum-gold alloys show a considerable resistance to wetting by molten glass, but they are mechanically insufiiciently resistant, especially at the high temperature of molten glass.
It has been found that the desired properties of hardness, and of non-Wetting by molten glass, can be obtained by depositing, for example by electroplating or any other suitable method, a double coating upon an article of a platinum-rhodium alloy, which may be the portion of an apparatus which contacts molten glass, such as a spinnerette for spinning glass fibers, a die in a press or the like.
According to the invention, the article is coated with platinum, and then a coating of gold is applied upon the platinum layer whereupon the article is heated to diffusion temperature, preferably by placing it in a furnace at about 800 C. and gradually raising the temperature to about 1200 C. The heat treatment causes the metals to diffuse into each other whereby, in the different boundary zones, solid solutions are formed, thus insuring that the coatings adhere firmly to each other and to the platinum-rhodium surface.
The coatings of platinum and gold may be in the range of about 0.0001 to about 0.001 inch and good results have been obtained with layers of about 0.0005 inch.
Moreover, it has been found by tests made with platinum-rhodium alloys containing percent to 40 percent by weight rhodium that the surfaces obtained display a combination of properties which the single components do not show. The surfaces are extremely repellent to molten glass, due to the predominating content of gold in the outer layer, wherein some platinum but practically no rhodium is present, but at the same time the hardness is increased beyond the hardness the original platinumrhodium alloy would have attained, when subjected to the same heat treatment, without being coated or if coated with one of the components only.
It is believed that this result is due to the formation of solid solutions which are gradually enriched in gold near the surface whereas an increasing content of rhodium is present deeper in the metal. The intermediate layer of platinum prevents undesirable diffusion between the rhodium content of the alloy and the gold coating, thus acting simultaneously as a buffer and as a bonding agent between the platinum-rhodium alloy and the gold layer.
it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that many modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit thereof, and
the invention includes all such modifications.
This application is a division of co-pending application Serial No. 692,257 fiied October 25, 1957, now Patent No. 2,973,283.
What is claimed is:
1. A material for handling molten glass and resistant to wetting by molten glass, composed of an alloy of platinum and from 10 percent to 50 percent rhodium with a coating on a surface thereof composed of interdifiused layers of platinum and gold with the platinum on the platinum-rhodium surface and the gold on the platinum and each of the layers having a thickness of up to 0.001", and the surface of the coating having a hardness at least equal to the platinum-rhodium alloy.
2. A material according to claim -1, wherein the platinum and gold layers are electroplated layers.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 111,551 Kearsing Feb. 7, 1871 145,274 Blake Dec. 9, 1873 1,460,888 Cook July 3, 1923 1,659,757 Aderer Feb. 21, 1928 1,704,126 Fry Mar. 5, 1929 1,947,180 Bart Feb. 13, 1934 1,963,910 McIntyre June 19, 1934 2,106,527 Hostetter Jan. 25, 1938 2,190,296 Richardson Feb. 13, 1940 2,391,457 Carlson Dec. 25, 1945 2,460,547 Stevens Feb. 1, 1949 2,803,925 Klausmann Aug. 27, 1957 2,949,633 Drummon Aug. 23, 1960
Claims (1)
1. A MATERIAL FOR HANDLING MOLTEN GLASS AND RESISTANT TO WETTING BY MOLTEN GLASS, COMPOSED OF AN ALLOY OF PLATINUM AND FROM 10 PERCENT TO 50 PERCENT RHODIUM WITH A COATING ON A SURFACE THEREOF COMPOSED OF INTERDIFFUSED LAYERS OF PLATINUM AND GOLD WITH THE PLATINUM ON THE PLATINUM-RHODIUM SURFACE AND THE GOLD ON THE PLATINUM AND EACH OF THE LAYERS HAVING A THICKNESS OF UP TO 0.001", AND THE SURFACE OF THE COATING HAVING A HARDNESS AT LEAST EQUAL TO THE PLATINUM-RHODIUM ALLOY.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB14510/58A GB829730A (en) | 1957-10-25 | 1958-05-06 | Improvements in or relating to the surface treatment of articles made from platinum-rhodium alloys |
| FR1195986D FR1195986A (en) | 1957-10-25 | 1958-05-19 | Process for surface treatment of parts made of platinum and rhodium alloys |
| DEE15896A DE1106577B (en) | 1957-10-25 | 1958-05-20 | Process for the production of objects from a platinum-rhodium alloy, e.g. B. spinnerets for glass |
| US760061A US3065526A (en) | 1957-10-25 | 1958-09-10 | Material for handling molten glass |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US692257A US2973283A (en) | 1957-10-25 | 1957-10-25 | Surface treatment |
| US760061A US3065526A (en) | 1957-10-25 | 1958-09-10 | Material for handling molten glass |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3065526A true US3065526A (en) | 1962-11-27 |
Family
ID=27104934
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US760061A Expired - Lifetime US3065526A (en) | 1957-10-25 | 1958-09-10 | Material for handling molten glass |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3065526A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1106577B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1195986A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB829730A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3210167A (en) * | 1962-04-19 | 1965-10-05 | Louyot Comptoir Lyon Alemand | Metallic appliances and components subjected to contact with molten materials at high temperature |
| US4525433A (en) * | 1981-09-08 | 1985-06-25 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Composite material |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3172829A (en) * | 1961-01-24 | 1965-03-09 | Of an alloy to a support | |
| DE1144886B (en) * | 1961-05-12 | 1963-03-07 | Gruenzweig U Hartmann A G | Device for dividing a silicate melt into individual jets, e.g. B. for the purpose of subsequent processing into threads or fibers |
| DE1210993B (en) * | 1962-04-19 | 1966-02-17 | Louyot Comptoir Lyon Alemand | Metallic devices and metal parts that are exposed to contact with molten materials at high temperatures and consist of a multilayer material made using platinum metals |
Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US111551A (en) * | 1871-02-07 | Improvement in the preparation of platinum for filling teeth | ||
| US145274A (en) * | 1873-12-09 | Improvement in metallic foils for dental purposes | ||
| US1460888A (en) * | 1920-12-10 | 1923-07-03 | Frederick D Cook | Method of continuously melting vitreous enamels |
| US1659757A (en) * | 1925-03-05 | 1928-02-21 | Aderer Julius | Denture material |
| US1704126A (en) * | 1924-09-23 | 1929-03-05 | Wilson H A Co | Composite precious-metal stock |
| US1947180A (en) * | 1930-05-31 | 1934-02-13 | Precious Metals Developing Com | Tarnish resisting silver |
| US1963910A (en) * | 1930-08-05 | 1934-06-19 | Ferro Enamel Corp | Method of making vitreous materials |
| US2106527A (en) * | 1936-06-27 | 1938-01-25 | Corning Glass Works | Refractory for contacting molten glass |
| US2190296A (en) * | 1938-08-27 | 1940-02-13 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Guide for molten material |
| US2391457A (en) * | 1944-02-01 | 1945-12-25 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Spark plug electrode construction |
| US2460547A (en) * | 1946-10-07 | 1949-02-01 | Glass Fibers Inc | Drawing crucible |
| US2803925A (en) * | 1951-10-25 | 1957-08-27 | Baker & Co Inc | Glass forming die |
| US2949633A (en) * | 1956-12-31 | 1960-08-23 | Lof Glass Fibers Co | Apparatus used in the production of glass fibers |
-
1958
- 1958-05-06 GB GB14510/58A patent/GB829730A/en not_active Expired
- 1958-05-19 FR FR1195986D patent/FR1195986A/en not_active Expired
- 1958-05-20 DE DEE15896A patent/DE1106577B/en active Pending
- 1958-09-10 US US760061A patent/US3065526A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US111551A (en) * | 1871-02-07 | Improvement in the preparation of platinum for filling teeth | ||
| US145274A (en) * | 1873-12-09 | Improvement in metallic foils for dental purposes | ||
| US1460888A (en) * | 1920-12-10 | 1923-07-03 | Frederick D Cook | Method of continuously melting vitreous enamels |
| US1704126A (en) * | 1924-09-23 | 1929-03-05 | Wilson H A Co | Composite precious-metal stock |
| US1659757A (en) * | 1925-03-05 | 1928-02-21 | Aderer Julius | Denture material |
| US1947180A (en) * | 1930-05-31 | 1934-02-13 | Precious Metals Developing Com | Tarnish resisting silver |
| US1963910A (en) * | 1930-08-05 | 1934-06-19 | Ferro Enamel Corp | Method of making vitreous materials |
| US2106527A (en) * | 1936-06-27 | 1938-01-25 | Corning Glass Works | Refractory for contacting molten glass |
| US2190296A (en) * | 1938-08-27 | 1940-02-13 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Guide for molten material |
| US2391457A (en) * | 1944-02-01 | 1945-12-25 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Spark plug electrode construction |
| US2460547A (en) * | 1946-10-07 | 1949-02-01 | Glass Fibers Inc | Drawing crucible |
| US2803925A (en) * | 1951-10-25 | 1957-08-27 | Baker & Co Inc | Glass forming die |
| US2949633A (en) * | 1956-12-31 | 1960-08-23 | Lof Glass Fibers Co | Apparatus used in the production of glass fibers |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3210167A (en) * | 1962-04-19 | 1965-10-05 | Louyot Comptoir Lyon Alemand | Metallic appliances and components subjected to contact with molten materials at high temperature |
| US4525433A (en) * | 1981-09-08 | 1985-06-25 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Composite material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1106577B (en) | 1961-05-10 |
| FR1195986A (en) | 1959-11-20 |
| GB829730A (en) | 1960-03-09 |
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