US3063435A - Cylinder head assembly for air-cooled internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Cylinder head assembly for air-cooled internal combustion engines Download PDF

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US3063435A
US3063435A US150449A US15044961A US3063435A US 3063435 A US3063435 A US 3063435A US 150449 A US150449 A US 150449A US 15044961 A US15044961 A US 15044961A US 3063435 A US3063435 A US 3063435A
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Prior art keywords
cylinder head
air
cooling
valve
wall portion
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Expired - Lifetime
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US150449A
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Meurer Siegfried
Dusold Georg
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MAN AG
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MAN Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nuernberg AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/12—Arrangements for cooling other engine or machine parts
    • F01P3/14—Arrangements for cooling other engine or machine parts for cooling intake or exhaust valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
    • F02F1/28—Cylinder heads having cooling means for air cooling
    • F02F1/30—Finned cylinder heads
    • F02F1/32—Finned cylinder heads the cylinder heads being of overhead valve type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/12—Other methods of operation
    • F02B2075/125—Direct injection in the combustion chamber for spark ignition engines, i.e. not in pre-combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/34—Lateral camshaft position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the cylinder head assembly for air-cooled Otto or diesel internal combustion engines having vertical or horizontally aligned cylinders.
  • the cylinder head portions composed of the valve bridge and the adjoining walls forming portions of the air intake and gas exhaust ducts, and the wall portions forming the configurations for the openings for the fuel injection nozzle and spark plug were only insufficiently cooled by fresh air.
  • These wall portions, and especially the valve bridge wall portion are highly heated because they are adjacent the combustion chamber, and on the other hand, they are scarcely accessible to the cooling fresh air becuase they are surrounded by the cylinder head configurations for the fuel injection nozzle and spark plug.
  • the provision of cooling fins in these wall portions is hardly feasible because of casting techniques, so that the disadvantage remains that cracks will occur in the valve bridge and adjacent wall portions of the cylinder head.
  • the object of this invention is to avoid the abovementioned difiiculties.
  • the outside surfaces of the cylinder head wall portions for the gas exhaust and air inlet ducts which lie between the two valve openings and are connected by the valve bridge wall portion are cooled by means of one or more streams of cooling fluid.
  • the cylinder head assembly includes an oil injection device having an outlet orifice located in the vicinity of and above the valve bridge wall portion and the outside wall portions of the gas exhaust and air inlet ducts so that these wall portions are heavily sprayed with the cooling fluid.
  • valve bridge wall portion cross walls are provided between the cylinder, head configurations for the exhaust and inlet valves so that a chamber is formed around the valve bridge wall portion, which chamber directs the cooling fiuid against the hottest cylinder head portion, namely the valve bridge wall portion.
  • the oil injection device is either in the form of a separate injection nozzle or a hollow valve rocker arm shaft having one or more orifices through which oil can be sprayed onto the cylinder head wall portions.
  • FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional view through the cylinder head of a diesel engine
  • FIGURE 2 is a partial cross-sectional view taken generally on the line 2--2 of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a cross-sectional view through the cylinder head taken at a right angle to FIGURE 1.
  • the cylinder head 1 covers the engine cylinder 2 which contains a piston 3 having a combustion chamber 4, the piston being shown in its upper dead center position.
  • the exhaust gas duct 5 contains an exhaust valve 6 which is supported in the valve guide 7.
  • the air intake duct 8 contains a valve 9 which is supported in the valve guide '10.
  • the valve bridge wall portion r11 extends between the two valve seats.
  • the cylinder head exhaust duct wall portion 12 has an outside surface 13 which merges in with the valve guide 7, and likewise the air intake duct wall portion has an outside surface 15 which merges with the valve guide 10.
  • Exhaust valve 6 has a valve stem 16 and intake valve 9 has a valve stem 17.
  • the wall portions 12 and 14 are joined by cross walls 18 and 19, note FIGURES 2 and 3 with the latter being formed in part by the cylinder head configuration 20 for the fuel injection nozzle and the configuration 21 for the glow or spar-k plug 23 which, respectively, contain the injection nozzle 22 and the plug 23.
  • Wall portions 12, 14, 18 and 19 form the side walls of the cooling chamber 24 of this invention, the bottom of which is the valve bridge L1.
  • Orifice 26 In the vicinity of chamber 24, such as above it in the direction of the valve rocker arm 25 is the outlet orifice 26 for the pipe 27 forming a cooling oil injection device. Orifice 26 directs a stream of oil 28 particularly upon the valve bridge wall portion 1-1 in order to spray the hottest portion of the cylinder head with a cooling agent. A plurality of oil streams 28 can be used in order to cool the valve bridge portion 1 1 and the adjacent wall portions 13 and 15 for the chamber 24.
  • a further feature of this invention for increasing the cooling effect comprises providing the shaft 29 for rocker arm 25 with a cylindrical bore so that this bore can be connected to the lubricating system of the engine by means of line 31.
  • hollow shaft 29 is further provided with a bore 32 and the bearing 33 for arm 25 has an aligned opening 34, these two openings being directed towards valve bridge 11 and the adjacent wall portions so that the surfaces 13 and '15 are sprayed by the oil jets 35 and 36.
  • a wide area spraying of the valve bridge wall portion 11 and the Wall surfaces 13 and 15 is obtained when a plurality of openings are used instead of a single opening 34.
  • the cooling agent is discharged in the form of a fan and thus covers a greater area of the Wall surfaces. This manner of cooling is especially advantageous in engines having horizontal cylinders.
  • chamber 24 will be filled with the cooling agent and the oil jets 28, 35 and 36 which have a pressure of about 3 atmospheres absolute will reach the valve bridge wall portion 11 and the adjacent surfaces 13 and 15 and, at the same time, will whirl the cooling agent around in chamber 24 so that the cooling agent will reach the wall portions for the injection nozzle 22 and the plug 23.
  • the oil jets 35 and 36 will swing through an arc of about 5 as produc'ed by the movement of the rocker arm 25 so that the swirling of the cooling agent in chamber 24 is ensured.
  • a cylinder head assembly for an air-cooled internal combustion engine, said head having an intake air duct wall portion, a gas exhaust duct wall portion, and a valve bridge'wall portion joining the air duct wall portion to the exhaust duct wall portion, the improvement comprising a pair of cross walls extending between the air duct 20 wall portion and the exhaust duct wallportion for forming a chamber around said valve bridge Wall portion, and oil jet 'means'm'ount'ed above said chamber for directing 4 at least one jet of a liquid cooling agent against the exterior surface of each wall portion.
  • said oil jet means comprising an oil injector having at least one outlet orifice positioned adjacent said valve bridge wall portion for providing said jet of a liquid cooling agent.
  • said cross walls including openings 'in the cylinder head for a fuel injection nozzle and a glow plug, respectively.
  • said oil injector comprising a hollow rocker arm shaft mounted above said chamber, a rocker arm on said shaft, and aligned openings in said shaft and rocker arm directed toward the Wall portions of the chamber for applying the jet of cooling agent against thewall portions.

Description

Nov. 13, 1962 s. MEURER ETAL 3,063,435
CYLINDER HEAD ASSEMBLY FOR AIR- LED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Nov. 6, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 VIII / Nzzz $1:
INVENTORG Siegfried Meurer Georg Duso/d Nov. 13, 1962 s. MEURER ETAL 3,063,435
CYLINDER HEAD ASSEMBLY FOR AIR- LED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE I Filed NOV. 6, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I 24 l I 22 Fly 5 2o l I I l l 3 b4 INVENTORS Siegfried Meurer Georg Dusold United States Patent p 3,063,435 CYLINDER HEAD ASSEMBLY FOR AIR-COOLED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Siegfried Meurer and Georg Dusold, both of Numberg,
Germany, assignors to Maschinenfabrik Augsburg- Nurnberg A.G., Nurnlherg, Germany Filed Nov. 6, 1961, Ser. No. 150,449 Claims priority, application Germany Dec. 24, 1960 4 Claims. (Cl. 123-4157) This invention relates to the cylinder head assembly for air-cooled Otto or diesel internal combustion engines having vertical or horizontally aligned cylinders.
In these types of engines, the cylinder head portions composed of the valve bridge and the adjoining walls forming portions of the air intake and gas exhaust ducts, and the wall portions forming the configurations for the openings for the fuel injection nozzle and spark plug were only insufficiently cooled by fresh air. These wall portions, and especially the valve bridge wall portion, are highly heated because they are adjacent the combustion chamber, and on the other hand, they are scarcely accessible to the cooling fresh air becuase they are surrounded by the cylinder head configurations for the fuel injection nozzle and spark plug. The provision of cooling fins in these wall portions is hardly feasible because of casting techniques, so that the disadvantage remains that cracks will occur in the valve bridge and adjacent wall portions of the cylinder head. Although there is an air-cooled internal combustion engine having cooling fin inserts, nevertheless, because of the narrow space between the inserts, the tendency is that the air flow is impeded so as to produce a lessened rather than an increased cooling effect.
Attempts have been made to provide special cooling agent passageways in the cylinder head so that the valve bridge wall portion can be liquid cooled. Furthermore, in such an engine, an increased cooling efiect at the hot-ttest portions of the cylinder head is obtained by increasing the velocity of the cooling liquid so that the cooling liquid can be forced to flow through constrictions formed by special fins. In still another cooling system for cylinder blocks of multi-cylinder engines, the cooling liquid is conducted to the middle of the block and then divided into two streams by a baflle in order to direct the cooling agent to the critical areas such as the valve seats.
In air-cooled internal combustion engines, it is also known to use an axial air blower in order to force the cooling air through the cooling fins of the cylinder. In a multi-cylinder air-cooled high capacity engine, the blower is driven by the engine to cool the cylinder wall having fins. The use of blowers is expensive and requires additional power for forcing the cooling air to where it is needed. It is also known to provide an engine with a cooling system which is divided so that one stream of cooling fluid flows around the cylinder liner and the other stream around the valve openings. This is expensive to construct and requires special valve structures and additional engine power. Moreover, this construction does not provide for the cooling of the valve bridge and the adjoining walls of the cylinder head.
The object of this invention is to avoid the abovementioned difiiculties. According to this invention, the outside surfaces of the cylinder head wall portions for the gas exhaust and air inlet ducts which lie between the two valve openings and are connected by the valve bridge wall portion are cooled by means of one or more streams of cooling fluid. To this end, the cylinder head assembly includes an oil injection device having an outlet orifice located in the vicinity of and above the valve bridge wall portion and the outside wall portions of the gas exhaust and air inlet ducts so that these wall portions are heavily sprayed with the cooling fluid. order to obtain an especially intensive cooling of the valve bridge wall portion, cross walls are provided between the cylinder, head configurations for the exhaust and inlet valves so that a chamber is formed around the valve bridge wall portion, which chamber directs the cooling fiuid against the hottest cylinder head portion, namely the valve bridge wall portion. ,The oil injection device is either in the form of a separate injection nozzle or a hollow valve rocker arm shaft having one or more orifices through which oil can be sprayed onto the cylinder head wall portions.
The means by which the objects of the invention are obtained are described more fully with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional view through the cylinder head of a diesel engine;
FIGURE 2 is a partial cross-sectional view taken generally on the line 2--2 of FIGURE 1; and
FIGURE 3 is a cross-sectional view through the cylinder head taken at a right angle to FIGURE 1.
The cylinder head 1 covers the engine cylinder 2 which contains a piston 3 having a combustion chamber 4, the piston being shown in its upper dead center position. The exhaust gas duct 5 contains an exhaust valve 6 which is supported in the valve guide 7. In a similar manner, the air intake duct 8 contains a valve 9 which is supported in the valve guide '10. The valve bridge wall portion r11 extends between the two valve seats. The cylinder head exhaust duct wall portion 12 has an outside surface 13 which merges in with the valve guide 7, and likewise the air intake duct wall portion has an outside surface 15 which merges with the valve guide 10. Exhaust valve 6 has a valve stem 16 and intake valve 9 has a valve stem 17. The wall portions 12 and 14 are joined by cross walls 18 and 19, note FIGURES 2 and 3 with the latter being formed in part by the cylinder head configuration 20 for the fuel injection nozzle and the configuration 21 for the glow or spar-k plug 23 which, respectively, contain the injection nozzle 22 and the plug 23. Wall portions 12, 14, 18 and 19 form the side walls of the cooling chamber 24 of this invention, the bottom of which is the valve bridge L1.
In the vicinity of chamber 24, such as above it in the direction of the valve rocker arm 25 is the outlet orifice 26 for the pipe 27 forming a cooling oil injection device. Orifice 26 directs a stream of oil 28 particularly upon the valve bridge wall portion 1-1 in order to spray the hottest portion of the cylinder head with a cooling agent. A plurality of oil streams 28 can be used in order to cool the valve bridge portion 1 1 and the adjacent wall portions 13 and 15 for the chamber 24.
In addition to the oil injection device formed by pipe 27 with orifice 26, a further feature of this invention for increasing the cooling effect comprises providing the shaft 29 for rocker arm 25 with a cylindrical bore so that this bore can be connected to the lubricating system of the engine by means of line 31. Accordingly, hollow shaft 29 is further provided with a bore 32 and the bearing 33 for arm 25 has an aligned opening 34, these two openings being directed towards valve bridge 11 and the adjacent wall portions so that the surfaces 13 and '15 are sprayed by the oil jets 35 and 36. A wide area spraying of the valve bridge wall portion 11 and the Wall surfaces 13 and 15 is obtained when a plurality of openings are used instead of a single opening 34. In so doing, the cooling agent is discharged in the form of a fan and thus covers a greater area of the Wall surfaces. This manner of cooling is especially advantageous in engines having horizontal cylinders.
. Patented Nov. 43, 1962 In engines with vertical cylinders, chamber 24 will be filled with the cooling agent and the oil jets 28, 35 and 36 which have a pressure of about 3 atmospheres absolute will reach the valve bridge wall portion 11 and the adjacent surfaces 13 and 15 and, at the same time, will whirl the cooling agent around in chamber 24 so that the cooling agent will reach the wall portions for the injection nozzle 22 and the plug 23. In so doing, the oil jets 35 and 36 will swing through an arc of about 5 as produc'ed by the movement of the rocker arm 25 so that the swirling of the cooling agent in chamber 24 is ensured.
Having now described the means by which the objects of the invention are obtained,
We claim:
I. In a cylinder head assembly for an air-cooled internal combustion engine, said head having an intake air duct wall portion, a gas exhaust duct wall portion, and a valve bridge'wall portion joining the air duct wall portion to the exhaust duct wall portion, the improvement comprising a pair of cross walls extending between the air duct 20 wall portion and the exhaust duct wallportion for forming a chamber around said valve bridge Wall portion, and oil jet 'means'm'ount'ed above said chamber for directing 4 at least one jet of a liquid cooling agent against the exterior surface of each wall portion.
2. In a cylinder head assembly as in claim 1, said oil jet means comprising an oil injector having at least one outlet orifice positioned adjacent said valve bridge wall portion for providing said jet of a liquid cooling agent.
3. In a cylinder head assembly as in claim 2, said cross walls including openings 'in the cylinder head for a fuel injection nozzle and a glow plug, respectively.
4. In a cylinder head assembly as in claim 2, said oil injector comprising a hollow rocker arm shaft mounted above said chamber, a rocker arm on said shaft, and aligned openings in said shaft and rocker arm directed toward the Wall portions of the chamber for applying the jet of cooling agent against thewall portions.
References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,415,793 Cattaneo May 9, 1922 FOREIGN PATENTS 264,344 Great Britain Jan. 20, 1927 188,152 Austria Jan. 10, 1957
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2438193A1 (en) * 1974-08-08 1976-02-26 Tatra Np Air cooled engine cooling system - uses lubricating oil for cooling hot parts of cylinder heads
US4364339A (en) * 1978-10-28 1982-12-21 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Internal combustion engine with cooling system
DE3141070A1 (en) * 1981-10-16 1983-04-28 Motoren-Werke Mannheim AG, vorm. Benz Abt. stat. Motorenbau, 6800 Mannheim Combustion engine with fuel injection and coolable nozzle holder
US4445486A (en) * 1982-06-28 1984-05-01 Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited Internal combustion engine
US20070251470A1 (en) * 2006-04-27 2007-11-01 Merchant Jack A Engine and method for operating an engine
US20190063276A1 (en) * 2017-08-28 2019-02-28 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Internal combustion engine with oil warming with directed spray in cylinder head

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1415793A (en) * 1918-04-27 1922-05-09 Cattaneo Giustino Cooling arrangement for exhaust valves of internal-combustion engines
GB264344A (en) * 1926-02-18 1927-01-20 William Cooper Matthews Improvements in means for cooling the cylinders, and moistening the charge of internal combustion engines
AT188152B (en) * 1954-10-04 1957-01-10 Franz Kirsch Additional cooling device for air-cooled internal combustion engines, in particular for motorcycles

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1415793A (en) * 1918-04-27 1922-05-09 Cattaneo Giustino Cooling arrangement for exhaust valves of internal-combustion engines
GB264344A (en) * 1926-02-18 1927-01-20 William Cooper Matthews Improvements in means for cooling the cylinders, and moistening the charge of internal combustion engines
AT188152B (en) * 1954-10-04 1957-01-10 Franz Kirsch Additional cooling device for air-cooled internal combustion engines, in particular for motorcycles

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2438193A1 (en) * 1974-08-08 1976-02-26 Tatra Np Air cooled engine cooling system - uses lubricating oil for cooling hot parts of cylinder heads
US4364339A (en) * 1978-10-28 1982-12-21 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Internal combustion engine with cooling system
DE3141070A1 (en) * 1981-10-16 1983-04-28 Motoren-Werke Mannheim AG, vorm. Benz Abt. stat. Motorenbau, 6800 Mannheim Combustion engine with fuel injection and coolable nozzle holder
US4445486A (en) * 1982-06-28 1984-05-01 Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited Internal combustion engine
US20070251470A1 (en) * 2006-04-27 2007-11-01 Merchant Jack A Engine and method for operating an engine
WO2007126562A1 (en) * 2006-04-27 2007-11-08 Caterpillar Inc. Engine and method for operating an engine
US7415946B2 (en) 2006-04-27 2008-08-26 Caterpillar Inc. Engine and method for operating an engine
GB2450294A (en) * 2006-04-27 2008-12-17 Caterpillar Inc Engine and method for operating an engine
JP2009535555A (en) * 2006-04-27 2009-10-01 キャタピラー インコーポレイテッド Engine and method for operating the engine
GB2450294B (en) * 2006-04-27 2010-11-03 Caterpillar Inc Engine and method for operating an engine
US20190063276A1 (en) * 2017-08-28 2019-02-28 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Internal combustion engine with oil warming with directed spray in cylinder head
US10415442B2 (en) * 2017-08-28 2019-09-17 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Internal combustion engine with oil warming with directed spray in cylinder head

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