US3036490A - Mountaineering ropes - Google Patents

Mountaineering ropes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3036490A
US3036490A US761408A US76140858A US3036490A US 3036490 A US3036490 A US 3036490A US 761408 A US761408 A US 761408A US 76140858 A US76140858 A US 76140858A US 3036490 A US3036490 A US 3036490A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
core
rope
ropes
mantle
braided
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US761408A
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English (en)
Inventor
Muller Hugo
Meyer Wilhelm
Meier Hans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Glanzstoff AG
Vereinigte Glanzstoff Fabriken AG
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Glanzstoff AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US3036490A publication Critical patent/US3036490A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
    • D07B1/04—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics with a core of fibres or filaments arranged parallel to the centre line
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2083—Jackets or coverings
    • D07B2201/209—Jackets or coverings comprising braided structures
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2501/00—Application field
    • D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2501/2069—Climbing or tents

Definitions

  • This invention in general, relates to the production of ropes and has particular application to the production of ropes which may be subjected to severe shock and bending, as in the case of ropes used in mountain climbing.
  • ropes of fiber yarns or endless threads can be accomplished in various manners.
  • twisted or braided ropes and also core-andmantle construction ropes are produced.
  • the twisted rope is built up by constantly increasing twist units.
  • the spirally formed (plaited or braided) rope is produced by the well known Barmen plaiting.
  • the mantles produced by Barmen plaiting are com.- posed of cross-braided strands which are spirally braided about the core. Each strand follows a spiral, undulating path.
  • the braided mantle has an appearance similar to the structure of a woven fabric.
  • the cross-braided mantles are illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 of the drawings.
  • ropes because of their constructive development, have a moderate to poor utilization of material.
  • material utilization is meant the quotient of the specific rope strength to the total of the specific thread or filament strength. This value varies between 0.33 and 0.55, or 33% to 55%, in ropes of the construction above mentioned. This means that only 33% to 55% of the total maximum usable strength of the filaments is utilized in the rope.
  • ropes distribute the tensions in the bending cross-section more uniformly, if they are composed of synthetic polyrner threads with a mantle-core structure iilustrated in the accompanying drawing in which at least 60% of the thread quantity is contained in the core 1, and the core consists of strands twisted in cable fashion, while the mantle 2 is built up of braided thread layers.
  • the mantle 2 is built up of braided thread layers.
  • the core in accordance with the invention, must consist of one or more cable-twisted strands, which are built up from two or more yarn layers in such a way that the sum of the yarn twist and strand twist torques under loading is equal to zero.
  • the twist length in the outermost core layer is between 70 mm. and 90 mm., preferably about mm.
  • FIG. 1 shows the spirally braided rope with a parallel strand core of previously known construction
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a rope of known construction having a substantially parallel, mildly twisted strand core with a cross-braided mantle;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a rope constructed in accordance with our invention
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-section of the rope of .FIG. 3 taken at right angles to the rope axis.
  • Example 1 A rope (FIG. 1) of altogether 30 yarns of poly-e-caprolactam each of 14,400 denier, has a spirally braided mantle 10 which makes up 97.4% of the total weight mass of the yarns.
  • the core 11 consists of only 3 yarns of 10,800 denier each, which lie nearly parallel and about which the mantle is braided.
  • the basic yarn has a strength of about 6.5 g./deuier at a stretch of 15%.
  • the rope strength amounts to 1.25 g./denier at 92% stretch, has a relative edge strength of 52% and a relative loop strength of 60%.
  • Spirally braided ropes are described, for example, in Melliand-Textilberichte, pp. 406-408 (1935).
  • Example 2 A rope (FIG. 2) of e-caprolactam polyamide threads, consisting of core 12 and mantle 13, with a weight distribution of 60% of the threads by weight in the core and 40% by weight in the mantle is built up in the following manner.
  • the rope is composed of 40 parallel yarns with a denier of 5,750 denier each.
  • Each thread has a S-twist of 80 turns/meter.
  • the threads of the core are stretched in a ratio of 1:42.
  • the basic yarn strength amounts to 4.0 g./denier at a breaking elongation of 32%.
  • a cross-braided mantle 13 is built up, and it is braided from 4 braids, each with 6 braided yarns.
  • Each of these yarns consists of 5 hot-stretched, 850 denier threads of the same caprolactam polyamide with a Z-twist of 30 turns/meter.
  • Strength of the basic mantle yarn was 56 g./ denier at a breaking extension of 18%.
  • the breaking strength of the entire rope amounted, at 9.6 mm. diameter, to approximately 2.9 g./denier, with a breakage extension of approximately 33%.
  • the relative edge strength of the rope was 55%, and the relative loop strength was 60%
  • Example 3 Referring to FIGS.
  • a core is built up from 8,000 denier poly-e-caprolactarn strands by S-twisting (winding in a S-direction) 6 strands 15 about a central, single strand '16 at a twist length of 19 mm. to a diameter of 3.2 mm. About this segment is further S-twisted, at a twist length of 44 mm., 12 additional strands 17 to a diameter of 5.3 mm. The core is further built up by S-twisting about the latter segment eighteen additional strands 18 at a twist length of 66 mm. to a diameter of 7.5 mm. Finally, the core is completed by Z-twisting about the 7.5 mm.
  • segment 24 additional strands 19 at a twist length of 71 mm. to a 9.3 mm. diameter.
  • This core is surrounded by a braided mantle 20, which is constructed of 3,000 denier strands in Barmen plaiting to give a mass distribution of 65% by weight in the core and 35% by weight in the mantle.
  • the strength of the basic yarn amounts to 6.5 g./denier at 22% stretch.
  • the strength of the entire rope is 3.7 g./ denier at 28% stretch.
  • the rope had a relative edge strength of 60%, and a relative loop strength of 69%
  • the invention is hereby claimed as follows:
  • a mountaineering rope consisting of a core and mantle composed only of strands of synthetic filament yarns wherein the core contains at least 60% by weight of the rope yarn mass and consists essentially of a plu- 4 rality of superposed, S-wound and Z-wound layers of strands of synthetic filament yarns, and the mantle consists of strands of synthetic filament yarns braided about the core.
  • a mountaineering rope consisting of a core and mantle composed only of strands of synthetic filament yarns wherein the core contains at least by weight of the rope yarn mass and consists essentially of a plurality of superposed, S-wound and Z-wound layers of strands made of twisted yarns of synthetic fibers, wherein the amount of twist and the direction of twist of the respective yarns and strands in the core makes the sum of the torques of the yarns and the strands in the core equal to zero under loading, and the mantle consists of strands of synthetic filament yarns braided about the core.

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  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
US761408A 1957-09-18 1958-09-16 Mountaineering ropes Expired - Lifetime US3036490A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEV0013117 1957-09-18

Publications (1)

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US3036490A true US3036490A (en) 1962-05-29

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ID=7574088

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US761408A Expired - Lifetime US3036490A (en) 1957-09-18 1958-09-16 Mountaineering ropes

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US (1) US3036490A (en(2012))
BE (1) BE570189A (en(2012))
CH (1) CH365977A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE1071542B (en(2012))
FR (1) FR1201837A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB867283A (en(2012))

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3141372A (en) * 1961-06-20 1964-07-21 Glanzstoff Ag Nonkinking ropes
US3185119A (en) * 1963-08-19 1965-05-25 Choshi Chojiro Mats
FR2166695A5 (en) * 1972-01-04 1973-08-17 Seine & Lys Mountaineering rope - includes high and low elasticity components
US3805667A (en) * 1970-08-21 1974-04-23 Columbian Rope Co Braided rope
US3911785A (en) * 1974-01-18 1975-10-14 Wall Ind Inc Parallel yarn rope
US3968725A (en) * 1974-12-13 1976-07-13 Berkley & Company, Inc. High strength, low stretch braided rope
US4321854A (en) * 1979-06-01 1982-03-30 Berkley & Company, Inc. Composite line of core and jacket
US5605035A (en) * 1991-08-01 1997-02-25 University Of Strathclyde Rope with strain damage indicator
US5649414A (en) * 1996-06-21 1997-07-22 Mcdonnell Douglas Corp. Sling with braided sleeve covering
US5904438A (en) * 1996-06-07 1999-05-18 Bridon Plc Method of terminating a fiber rope
US20130205979A1 (en) * 2010-04-29 2013-08-15 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Multifilament yarn construction

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2549503C2 (de) * 1975-11-05 1982-09-23 M.Schall GmbH + Co KG, 5161 Merzenich Einrichtung zum Befestigen von Zeltplanen an Gerüst-Bauteilen von Großzelten

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE113222C (en(2012)) *
US689662A (en) * 1901-08-01 1901-12-24 Tucker & Carter Rope Company Pull-cord.
US728399A (en) * 1898-03-18 1903-05-19 Adolf Pessl Rope.
GB190611226A (en) * 1906-05-14 1906-10-11 Christian Staudenmaier Improved Rope and Process for the Manufacture of the same.
US1587150A (en) * 1923-10-09 1926-06-01 Samson Cordage Works Braiding machine
US2284728A (en) * 1941-01-09 1942-06-02 Dreyfus Camille Braid
US2346759A (en) * 1940-06-06 1944-04-18 Celanese Corp Textile product
US2468304A (en) * 1947-04-03 1949-04-26 Alvin J Musselman Tire fabric
US2737075A (en) * 1952-09-05 1956-03-06 George H Poirier Cord structure
US2759990A (en) * 1951-01-23 1956-08-21 Pirelli General Cable Works Electrical conducting ropes

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE113222C (en(2012)) *
US728399A (en) * 1898-03-18 1903-05-19 Adolf Pessl Rope.
US689662A (en) * 1901-08-01 1901-12-24 Tucker & Carter Rope Company Pull-cord.
GB190611226A (en) * 1906-05-14 1906-10-11 Christian Staudenmaier Improved Rope and Process for the Manufacture of the same.
US1587150A (en) * 1923-10-09 1926-06-01 Samson Cordage Works Braiding machine
US2346759A (en) * 1940-06-06 1944-04-18 Celanese Corp Textile product
US2284728A (en) * 1941-01-09 1942-06-02 Dreyfus Camille Braid
US2468304A (en) * 1947-04-03 1949-04-26 Alvin J Musselman Tire fabric
US2759990A (en) * 1951-01-23 1956-08-21 Pirelli General Cable Works Electrical conducting ropes
US2737075A (en) * 1952-09-05 1956-03-06 George H Poirier Cord structure

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3141372A (en) * 1961-06-20 1964-07-21 Glanzstoff Ag Nonkinking ropes
US3185119A (en) * 1963-08-19 1965-05-25 Choshi Chojiro Mats
US3805667A (en) * 1970-08-21 1974-04-23 Columbian Rope Co Braided rope
FR2166695A5 (en) * 1972-01-04 1973-08-17 Seine & Lys Mountaineering rope - includes high and low elasticity components
US3911785A (en) * 1974-01-18 1975-10-14 Wall Ind Inc Parallel yarn rope
US3968725A (en) * 1974-12-13 1976-07-13 Berkley & Company, Inc. High strength, low stretch braided rope
US4321854A (en) * 1979-06-01 1982-03-30 Berkley & Company, Inc. Composite line of core and jacket
US5605035A (en) * 1991-08-01 1997-02-25 University Of Strathclyde Rope with strain damage indicator
US5904438A (en) * 1996-06-07 1999-05-18 Bridon Plc Method of terminating a fiber rope
US5649414A (en) * 1996-06-21 1997-07-22 Mcdonnell Douglas Corp. Sling with braided sleeve covering
WO1997048841A1 (en) * 1996-06-21 1997-12-24 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Sling with braided sleeve covering
US20130205979A1 (en) * 2010-04-29 2013-08-15 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Multifilament yarn construction
US9163341B2 (en) * 2010-04-29 2015-10-20 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Multifilament yarn construction
CN105019088A (zh) * 2010-04-29 2015-11-04 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 多丝纱线结构
US9834873B2 (en) 2010-04-29 2017-12-05 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Multifilament yarn construction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH365977A (de) 1962-11-30
GB867283A (en) 1961-05-03
DE1071542B (de) 1959-12-17
BE570189A (en(2012))
FR1201837A (fr) 1960-01-06

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