Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
  • G03C1/91—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by subbing layers or subbing means
  • G03C1/93—Macromolecular substances therefor
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G64/04—Aromatic polycarbonates
  • C08G64/06—Aromatic polycarbonates not containing aliphatic unsaturation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
  • G03C1/795—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of macromolecular substances

Definitions

• photographic films with valuable properties are obtained by replacing the aforementioned polycarbonate in the film support at least partially by further linear high-molecular polycarbonates.
• thermoplastic polycarbonates of high molecular weight can be obtained by reacting dihydroxy diaryl sulphones or mixtures of dihydroxy diaryl sulphones with other biiunctional dihydroxy compounds according to German patent application No. F 17,168 Ive/39c (D.A.S. 1,007,996, published May 9, 1957) and from dihydroxy diaryl ethers or dihydroxy diaryl thioethers or from mixtures of the said compounds with other dihydroxy compounds according to German patent application Nos. F 21,459 IVb/39c and F 21,662 IVc/39c.
• vFurther suitable polycarbonates are those which are derived from mixtures of aliphatic and/ or cycloaliphatic dihydroxy compounds with at least one aromatic dihydroxy compound other than the above cited aromatic dihydroxy compounds.
• the aryl residues can be the same or different.
• the aryl residues can furthermore carry hydrogen atoms or substituents which are incapable of taking part in the reaction to polycarbonates, e.g. the halogens and alkyl groups such as ethyl, methyl, propyl or tertiary butyl.
• dihydroxydiaryl sulphones of the specified type the following may be mentioned:
• Di-monohydroxyarylalkanes as disclosed in copending application Serial No. 577,362, filed April 4, 1956, and in British specification No. 772,627, such as di-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-methane, 2,2- di-( p-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 1, l -di-(p-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, 1,1-di-(p-hydroxy-m-methylphenyl) cyclohexane, 2,2-di (o-hydroxy-p-tert.-butylphenyl) propane and 3,4-di-(p-hydroxy-phenyl)-hexane and 1,1-di-(p-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-phenyl-ethane, furthermore methane derivatives which carry besides two hydroxylaryl groups, a further alkyl residue with at least two, and a second alkyl residue with one or more carbon atoms, e.g.
• the polycarbonates may be produced if, for example, bis-chloro-carbonates of dihydroxy diaryl sulphones or mixture thereof with the aforementioned dihydroxy compounds, are condensed with dihydroxy diaryl sulphones, or mixtures thereof with other dihydroxy compounds. These condensations are suitably brought about in the presence of inert solvents and acid binding agents such as tertiary amines as described for analogous processes in British specification No. 772,627.
• a further method of carrying out the process consists in passing phosgene either into an aqueous alkali solution or suspension of the dihydroxy diaryl sulphone, optionally in the presence of other dihydroxy compounds and inert solvents, or into a solution or suspension of these materials in an inert solvent optionally in the presence of.
• acid-binding agents such as tertiary amines also as described for analogous processes in British specification No. 772,627.
• the polycarbonates by inter-esteriiying dihydroxy diaryl sulphones, optionally mixed with the aforementioned dihydroxy compounds and suitably in the presence of acidic or basic catalysts, with dialkyl or diaryl carbonates.
• the basic catalysts preferably used are suitably neutralised in the course of, or at the end of, the polycondensation by adding basebinding substances are especially suitable since an excess thereof can be removed, by evaporation or sublimation from the melt.
• diphenyl ethers and/or -thioethers may be used in which the two aryl radicals are the same or diiferent.
• the aryl radicals may further carry substituents which are incapable of reacting during the conversion into the polycarbonates such as halogen, or alkyl groups such as the methyl-, ethyl-, propylor the tert. butyl group.
• Suitable dihydroxy-diaryl ethers or -thioethers are, for example:
• the further dihydroxy compound which may be used in combination with the said ethers and thioethers may be the same as those disclosed above in connection with the production of polycarbonates derived from diaryl sulfones.
• the polycarbonates produced from the above ethers and thioethers or mixtures of said compounds with further dihydroxy compounds may be produced by the same methods as the polycar'bonates derived from diarylsulphones and mixtures of said sulphones with further dihydro compounds.
• aromatic dihydroxy compounds derived from mixtures of aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic dihydroxy compounds with aromatic dihydroxy compounds other than the above dihydroxy diarylalkanes, dihydroxydiarylsulfones, and dihydroxydiarylethers and -thioethers there may be used the following aromatic dihydroxy compounds:
• l-Iydroquinone resorcinol, pyrocatechol, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, 2,2-dihydroxydiphenyl, 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,6-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,2. dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,5 dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,4-dihydroxyquinoline, 2,2-dihydroxydinaphthyl-1,1 and mor phydroxybenzyl alcohol.
• aliphatic or cycloaliphatic dihydroxy compounds to be used according to the invention there may be named: ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, thiodiglycol, ethylene dithiodiglycol, propanediol-1,2, propanediol-l,3, butanediol-1,3, butanediol-l,4, 2-methylpropanediol-L3, pentanediol-1,5, 2-ethylpropanediol-l,3, hexanediol 1,6, octanediol 1,8, 2-ethylhexanediol 1,3, decanediol-l,l0, cyclohexanediol-1,4, cyclohexanediol-l,2, o-, mor p-xylylene glycol, 2,2-(4,4'-dihydroxydichlor0- heXyD
• polycarbonatcs derived from the disclosed sulphones, ethers and thioethers may be represented by way of example by the following formula:
• R stands for one of the following bivalent radithe phenyl radicals of which may be substituted and It stands for a whole member preferably greater than 10.
• the mixed polycarbonates may contain the following in which R stands for the same radicals as R and for a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene radical and R" stands for any bivalent organic radical which is different from R whereby R" cannot be a diarylalkane radical in case that R is a phenylene radical, the total number of said units being preferably at least and the relative proportions of said units varying between about 1:30 and 30:1.
• the foils can be manufactured by the conventional casting method on a band or drum machine, the advantages of this process, namely the production of a uniform thickness and optical clarity in transparency and surface, being fully maintained.
• the thoroughly dried raw material is dissolved in a stirrer mechanism,
• a high-speed stirrer for example in methylene chloride to form a solution with a viscosity of about 30,000 to 60,000 cp.
• solvents with a higher boiling point which do not have to be good solvents for the plastic (such as chloroform, propyl acetate or butyl acetate) can also be added.
• plasticisers such as tricresyl phosphate is advisable.
• the solution is cast on a casting machine in the thickness which is required as for instance 0.05 to 0.3 mm. and at the speed which is usual for acetyl cellulose foils.
• polyesters to be used according to the invention can also be worked into film in a manner known per se from the molten mass. It is of course possible for dyes or pigments also to be added to the solutions or melts of the polycarbonates prior to the shaping.
• the layer support is generally provided with suitable adhesive layers which can be produced by various methods.
• the latter can be treated with a solution which contains a mixed acetal of polyvinyl alcohol and aldehydes with water-solubilizing groups and aldehydes without water-solubilizing groups.
• This mixed acetal is soluble in organic solvents and has a strong swelling power in water.
• the treatment with the said solution can take place either alone or in combination with the production of further intermediate or rubbing layers.
• Vinyl chloride copolymers such as for example copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate, have proved highly suitable for the production of such further intermediate layers.
• the aforementioned mixed acetals can be obtained by a conventional process, for example by heating the components for several hours in methanolic solution with sulphuric acid as catalyst.
• aldehydes with water-solubilizing groups are aromatic aldehydes which are substituted in the aromatic nucleus by carboxyl, sulphonic acid or hydroxy groups, for example benzaldehyde-Z-sulphonic acid, benzaldehyde-2,2-disulphonic acid and p-hydroxy benzaldchyde.
• aldehydes without water-solubilizing groups are araliphatic and aliphatic aldehydes, for example benzaldehyde, tolyl aldehyde, p-chlorobenzaldehyde and hydrocinnamaldehyde.
• the mixed acetals are preferably dissolved in a proportion of 0.75 to 1.25% in a mixture of methanol and one or more other organic solvents, for example acetone, tetrahydrofurane or dioxane.
• a partially saponified copolymer of vinyl chloride and an organic vinyl ester for example vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate or vinyl butyrate, for example, a partially saponified copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate.
• These partially saponified copolymers are produced by known methods by saponification in methanol solution with sulphuric acid as catalyst, merely the organic ester groups being partially saponified.
• Suitable saponified copolymers contain approximately 45-70% by Weight of vinyl chloride, 5-30% by weight of vinyl hydroxide and 40% by weight of vinyl acetate or another organic vinyl ester such as vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate or vinyl benzoate.
• Copolymers of vinyl chloride and a, B-unsaturated carboxylic acids or partially saponified copolymers of vinyl chloride'and esters of the aforementioned acids can alternatively be used.
• the coating is advantageously produced by one of the conventional dipping processes.
• the layer support can be provided with a thin intermediate layer of vinyl chloride copolymers and nitrocellulose or organic cellulose esters, a further thin intermediate layer of cellulose esters arranged thereabove, and a thin layer containing gelatine as a third layer.
• vinyl chloride copolymers in the first layer it is advantageous to use a copolymer of about 40 to 70 parts by weight of vinyl chloride with about 30 to 60 parts by weight of copolymerisable components, for example lower alkyl esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids and vinyl esters of lower fatty acids, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid or maleic acid, and also vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate or vinyl butyrate.
• lower alkyl esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids and vinyl esters of lower fatty acids such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid or maleic acid, and also vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate or vinyl butyrate.
• Suitable cellulose esters are mixed esters of cellulose with acetic acid and fatty acids which contain 3-4 carbon atoms, for example cellulose acetopropionate and cellulose acetob'utyrate.
• the cellulose esters are advantageously used in proportions of 30-70% by weight, calculated on the total quantity of the polymers and cellulose esters.
• auxiliary layers which consist essentially of gelatine and a partially hydrolysed copolymer of 40 to 60 parts by weight of vinyl chloride and 60 to 40 parts by weight of the above organic vinyl esters, this copolymer advantageously containing from 45 to 70% by Weight of vinyl chloride, 530% by weight of vinyl hydroxide and 10 to 40% by weight of organic vinyl ester.
• the proportion of gelatine with respect to the copolymer can fluctuate within wide limits; it is however advantageous to use a ratio of 2:3 parts by weight of gelatine to 3:2 parts of copolymer.
• hardening agents for the gelatine can be incorporated into this auxiliary layer, for example formaldehyde or glyoxal.
• the aforemendomed-components are dissolved in conventional organic solvents and the solutions are applied to the support by one of the known dipping processes.
• auxiliary layers consist for example of nitrocellulose and an epoxy resin, above which is applied a second layer of gelatine.
• An additional layer of nitrocellulose can be applied between the layer of nitrocellulose epoxide resin and the gelatine layer.
• epoxide resins which are obtained by reacting epichlorhydrin with the di-(monohydroxy-aryl)alkanes which are used for the production of the polycarbonates of the layer support disclosed above or in copending application Serial No. 577,362.
• epoxide resin it is also possible to use a polycarbonate ester of a di-(monohydroxy-arylene)alkane, also in admixture with nitrocellulose.
• Conventional devices can be used for applying the intermediate layers.
• the foils thus pretreated for coating with a hydrophilic colloid layer are coated with a photographic silver halide emulsion for other light sensitive colloid layers by one of the conventional methods.
• the film material can be manufactured without any diificulty in such a way that it remains flat enough to' satisfy all requirements-in all processing stages, and this flatness is also maintained with various change in climatic conditions.
• the foils thus prepared for coating with a hydrophilic colloid layer can be coated with emulsions of steep and ultra-steep gradations, such as are usual in the reproduction art, for the production of line and screen exposures.
• the empulsions used in the reproduction art for reproducing halftones can be made contrasty, brilliant or normal. All the said emulsions can be unsensitised, orthochromatic or panchromatic.
• the new film support is also suitable for montage films, especially for intaglio and offset printing, because good register is also important in these cases.
• the present films. may also be used for multi layers color films, cine films, roll films and X-ray films.
• Example 1 A polycarbonate is produced as follows: I 71.5 parts-oi phosgene are introduced with stirring at 20 C. within 2 hours into a mixture of 96.3 parts of 2,2-di-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propane, and 47.3 parts of 7 ganic solvent becomes highly viscous in about an hour. It is washed neutral with water in the kneading machine. After evaporating the solvents, a hard elastic colorless high molecular resin remains which is soluble for example in methylene chloride, chloroform, ethylene chloride, dioxane, tetrahydrofurane and dimethylformamide. 100 parts of said polycarbonate are dissolved in 600 parts of methylene chloride. The solution is deaerated by heating at 50 C. and thereafter it is cast to form a film of 0.1 mm. thickness. The film is treated on one side with the following subbing solution:
• a saponification product of a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate (1:1 by weight).
• the saponification products contain 65.7 percent by weight of vinyl chloride, 22.7 percent by weight of vinylhydroxide, 11.6 percent by weight of vinylacetate.
• the film is then coated on the pretreated side with a cinematographic or a phototechnical silver halide emulsion, the binding agent of which is gelatine.
• the film has an excellent dimensional stability (shrinkage after processing 0.02 percent).
• Example 2 The following polycarbonate is produced:
• a colorless resilient plastic material is thus obtained having a softening interval of 205-225 C. and which is soluble e.g. in methylene chloride, benzene, toluene, cyclohexanone and dimethyl formamide.
• Said polycarbonate is dissolved in methylene chloride and cast to a film of 0.14 mm. thickness as explained in Example 1.
• For the subbing of the film the following solution is used:
• Example 3 For the production of the film support disclosed in any of the preceding examples there is used a polycarbonate which is produced according to one of the following prescriptions.
• Example 4 For the production of the film support disclosed above, there is used a polycarbonate which is produced as follows: Into a solution of 109 grams (0.5 mol) of 4,4-di hydroxydiphenyl sulfide and 112 grams (0.5 mol) of 2,2- (4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)-propane in 1640 grams of a 10 percent sodium hydroxide solution, 149 grams (1.5 mol) of phosgene is introduced at 20 C. within 1% hours after the addition of 600 grams of methylene chloride. Upon addition of 0.5 gram of triethylamine and 4 grams of so dium isopropylnaphthalene sulfonate a viscous paste is formed in the course of 1 hour.
• a colorless resilient plastic material is thus obtained having a softening interval of 240-260 C. and dissolving e.g. in methylene chloride, chloroform, benzene, cyclohexanone and dimethyl formamide.
• polycarbonates disclosed herein may be used in admixture with each other or with the polycarbonates of the copending application Serial No. 577,362, filed April 4, 1956, which latter are also disclosed in British specification 772,627.
• the proportions within which these polycarbonates may be used to produce photographic film supports may vary within wide limits since these polycarbonates are compatible with each other in practically all proportions.
• Photographic material comprising a film of a high molecular weight linear film-forming thermoplastic polycarbonate as the support, a hydrop-hilic subbing layer, and a photographic silver halide emulsion layer, said polycarbonate consisting essentially of the units and in which R stands for a member selected from the group the phenyl radicals of which may be substituted, the total number of said units being at least 10, and the relative proportions of said units to each other varying between about 1:30 and 30:1, said hydrophilic subbing layer being selected from the group consisting of layers of (1) a mixture of gelatin and a film-forming, partially saponified vinyl chloride-organic vinyl ester copolymer, and (2) a mixture of a film-forming, partially saponified vinyl chloride-organic vinyl ester copolymer and a filmforming mixed acetal of polyvinyl alcohol with an aromatic aldehyde containing water-solubilizing groups and an aromatic aldehyde free of water-solubilizing groups.
• polycarbonate is prepared from 4,4'-dihydroxy-diphenyl sulfide, 2,2-(4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)-propane and phosgene.

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Citations (5)

• 0
  • NL NL282023D patent/NL282023A/xx unknown
  • BE BE563645D patent/BE563645A/xx unknown
  • NL NL282024D patent/NL282024A/xx unknown
  • NL NL107568D patent/NL107568C/xx active
  • NL NL107566D patent/NL107566C/xx active
  • NL NL282022D patent/NL282022A/xx unknown
  • NL NL111669D patent/NL111669C/xx active
  • NL NL108489D patent/NL108489C/xx active
  • NL NL282025D patent/NL282025A/xx unknown
  • DE DENDAT1001586D patent/DE1001586B/de active Pending
  • BE BE546898D patent/BE546898A/xx unknown
  • NL NL107567D patent/NL107567C/xx active
• 1956
  • 1956-04-11 CH CH348871D patent/CH348871A/de unknown
  • 1956-04-13 FR FR1192131D patent/FR1192131A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1956-04-13 GB GB11360/56A patent/GB808629A/en not_active Expired
  • 1956-12-31 DE DEA26298A patent/DE1060710B/de active Pending
• 1957
  • 1957-12-27 US US705499A patent/US3023101A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1957-12-31 CH CH361715D patent/CH361715A/de unknown
  • 1957-12-31 GB GB40440/57A patent/GB853587A/en not_active Expired

Patent Citations (5)

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