US3002362A - Natural gas expansion refrigeration system - Google Patents

Natural gas expansion refrigeration system Download PDF

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US3002362A
US3002362A US842129A US84212959A US3002362A US 3002362 A US3002362 A US 3002362A US 842129 A US842129 A US 842129A US 84212959 A US84212959 A US 84212959A US 3002362 A US3002362 A US 3002362A
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gas
refrigeration
pressure
heat exchange
duct
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Willard L Morrison
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LIQUIFREEZE Co Inc
LIQUIFREEZE COMPANY Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/004—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0232—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes integration within a pressure letdown station of a high pressure pipeline system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
    • F25J3/0426—The cryogenic component does not participate in the fractionation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/60—Natural gas or synthetic natural gas [SNG]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
    • F25J2260/10—Integration in a gas transmission system at a pressure reduction, e.g. "let down" station
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop

Definitions

  • Gas is transmitted in cross country transmission lines at high pressure. At various points along the line where gas is to be used, it passes from the high pressure transmission line through a city gate station or similar discharge and metering plant'for reduction in pressure and discharge for use. 'I propose to take advantage of the reduction in pressure at such point or points to obtain refrigeration.
  • the normal function of the city gate station is to receive the gas at high pressure (usually about 800 p.s.i.g. and 80 degrees F.) from the cross country transmission system and feed the required gas demand into the city main system, to maintain its pressure at about 25 p.s.i.g.
  • high pressure usually about 800 p.s.i.g. and 80 degrees F.
  • the basis of this invention is to utilize the refrigeration effect, which is further intensified by performing the expansion in a polytropic process to a pressure lower than city main pressure and then using the extracted work to compress the expanded gas from this reduced pressure to city main pressure with a turbo machine.
  • the flow path through the proposed system will divide the main high pressure gas stream ahead of the city gate station, conducting that quantity representing the city minimum demand requirement to the inlet of the proposed refrigeration plant.
  • the first step is to thoroughly remove those stream components such as water vapor and carbon dioxide that might deposit on an expander rotor.
  • the gas stream is conducted through a precooler to recover any refrigeration ability rejected by the cycle. From the precooler the gas passes through a work extracting turbine where the gas temperature is reduced to 108 degrees F.
  • the cold exhaust gas will be conducted through a heat exchanger where by heat exchange it will rise in temperature, for example to 55 degrees F. and flow to the inlet gas precooler above referred to, thence to the inlet of the turbo compressor.
  • the turbo compressor will utilize the work produced from the above expansion to compress the gas back to city main pressure, about 25 p.s.i.g.
  • the heat exchanger may be used in an air refrigeration tunnel to cool ambient air from 80 degrees F. down to 83 degrees R, such cooled air being used to cool any suitable commodity which may pass through the refrigeration tunnel.
  • the heat exchanger may be used by heat exchange with some element in a liquid nitrogen production plant to furnish part of the cold necessary to obtain liquid nitrogen from the air, such liquid nitrogen may then at atmospheric pressure be shipped to a point where it is used as a refrigerant.
  • My invention is illustrated diagrammatically in the accompanying drawing which discloses a flow sheet which illustrates the use of the heat exchanger in an air refrigeration chamber but it will be understood other uses as above referred to for the refrigeration effect may be equally efiective.
  • the cross country transmission line 1 carries gas at high, perhaps 800# pressure.
  • the main 2 leads from the transmission line to a distribution valve 3.
  • a duct 4 leads to a gas heater 5.
  • a duct 6 leads to the expansion valve 7.
  • a duct 8 leads from the expansion valve 7 to a metering valve 9.
  • the duct 10 leads thence through the control valve 11 to the city main system 12. All the above is in accordance with usual city gate station practice except that the valve 3 may be adjusted to distribute part of the gas from the duct 2 into duct 4 and part of the gas into the duct 13 which leads to the refrigeration part of the system.
  • the duct 13 leads to a carbon dioxide extractor 14 which in turn discharges to a water extractor 15.
  • the gas from the water extractor at 800# pressure and degrees F. passes through the coil 16 in a precooler 17 from which gas is discharged through the duct 18 at 890# pressure and 65 degrees F. to a turbo expander 19 Where it expands, doing work and is reduced in pressure to 25# p.s.i.g. and 108 degrees F.
  • This cold low pressure gas passes through the duct 20 to the refrigeration heat exchange coil 21, thence it passes at 23# pressure and 55 degrees F. through the duct 22 to the heat exchanger 17. From there the gas passes through the duct 23 at 20# pressure and 70 degrees F. to the compressor 24.
  • the compressor is driven by a turbo expander, the work of which passes the gas from 20# up to 25# and discharges it at degrees F. through the duct 25 to the city main control valve 11.
  • the heat exchanger refrigeration coil 21 may for convenience be located in an air cooling chamber 26.
  • a fan 27 forces ambient air at 80 degrees F. through the heat exchange air refrigeration chamber where it is cooled by the coil 21 and discharged into a product chill tunnel 28 at -83 degrees F.
  • the product to be chilled may enter the tunnel at 29 and be discharged at 30.
  • the refrigeration heat exchanger 21 may form part of a liquid nitrogen plant, the details of which form no part of the present invention and so are not illustrated but such a plant would utilize the cold gas in the refrigeration heat exchange coil to provide part of the cold necessary for the production of liquid nitrogen, which liquid nitrogen can then 'be used in place or shipped elsewhere as a refrigerant.
  • a refrigeration means in parallel with the expansion valve including a heat exchange pre-cooler, a turbo compressor; aturb'o expander and a heat exchange refrigerationcoil, means on the upstream side of theexpansion valve for discharging gas fromthe highpressuremain; conducting it throughthe pre-cooler tothe turbo expander where it does work with resultant fall in temperature and in pressure to apoint below the pressure inthe low pressure main, means for passingthe coldgas through the'refrigeration heat exchange coil and through the pre-cooler, to the turbo compressor where it is compressed to a pressure the same as thatin the low pressure main and means for supplying it to the low pressure main.
  • a gas refrigeration means including in series a source of high pressure warm gas, means for cleaning it, means for cooling it, means for causing it to do work with resultant reduction in pressure and temperature, means for using the resultant cold gas by heat exchange as arefrigerant, means for warming the gas, means for compressing it and means for discharging it from the system.
  • a gas refrigeration system including a heat exchange pre-cooler, a turbo compressor, a turbo expander and a heat exchange refrigeration coil, a source of high pressure warm gas, means for conducting such gas through the heat exchange pre-cooler to the turbo expander where it does work with resultant reduction in temperature and pressure, means for conducting the cold gas from the turbo expander through the heat exchange refrigeration coil and through the heat exchange precooler'to the turbo'cornpressor where his compressed and means for discharging the compressed gas from the system.
  • a gas refrigeration. system including a heat exchange pre-cooler, a-turhocompressor, a turbo expander and a heat exchange refrigeration coil, 21 source of high pressure Warm-gas, means for conductingsuch gas through the heat exchange preacooler' to the turbo expander where it does work with resultant'reduction in pressure and "temperature, means for conducting the cold gas from the turbo'expander through the heat exchange refrigeration coil and through the heat exchange pre-cooler to the turbo compressor where it is compressed to a pressure below that'of' the high pressure gas but above that of the gas inthe refrigeration coil and means for discharging the compressed gas from the system.v

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Description

Oct. 3, 1961 w. L. MORRISON 3,002,362
' NATURAL GAS EXPANSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM Filed Sept. 24, 1959 IN V EN TOR. W/uA/w L/flom/som BY men-n CARTER A ffO/Q/VE KS United States Patent 6 3,002,362 NATURAL GAS EXPANSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM Willard L. Morrison, Lake Forest, 11]., assignor to Liquifreeze Company, Inc, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New York Filed Sept. 24, 1959, Ser. No. 842,129 4 Claims. (Cl. 62-402) This invention relates to improvements in refrigeration systems and has for one object to provide apparatus for and a method of using the high pressure gas in a cross country gas transmission line to provide effective refrigeration at one or more points along the line.
Gas is transmitted in cross country transmission lines at high pressure. At various points along the line where gas is to be used, it passes from the high pressure transmission line through a city gate station or similar discharge and metering plant'for reduction in pressure and discharge for use. 'I propose to take advantage of the reduction in pressure at such point or points to obtain refrigeration.
The normal function of the city gate station is to receive the gas at high pressure (usually about 800 p.s.i.g. and 80 degrees F.) from the cross country transmission system and feed the required gas demand into the city main system, to maintain its pressure at about 25 p.s.i.g. In many instances, it is normal practice to install a gas heater ahead of the break-down regulator to counteract the refrigeration produced by the Joule-Thompson expansion and to assure that no regulator freezing would occur.
The basis of this invention is to utilize the refrigeration effect, which is further intensified by performing the expansion in a polytropic process to a pressure lower than city main pressure and then using the extracted work to compress the expanded gas from this reduced pressure to city main pressure with a turbo machine.
Under ordinary circumstances there will be a continuous flow of gas from the transmission line to the distribution system but as demand varies, the amount discharged will also vary. I propose to take advantage of the continuous supply of part of the gas to continuously recover useful refrigeration.
Such an arrangement will usually only utilize a proportion of the total near to or below minimum city demand and that the city gas regulator would necessarily remain in service to satisfy the daily demand fluctuations.
The flow path through the proposed system will divide the main high pressure gas stream ahead of the city gate station, conducting that quantity representing the city minimum demand requirement to the inlet of the proposed refrigeration plant.
The first step is to thoroughly remove those stream components such as water vapor and carbon dioxide that might deposit on an expander rotor. Next the gas stream is conducted through a precooler to recover any refrigeration ability rejected by the cycle. From the precooler the gas passes through a work extracting turbine where the gas temperature is reduced to 108 degrees F.
The cold exhaust gas will be conducted through a heat exchanger where by heat exchange it will rise in temperature, for example to 55 degrees F. and flow to the inlet gas precooler above referred to, thence to the inlet of the turbo compressor. The turbo compressor will utilize the work produced from the above expansion to compress the gas back to city main pressure, about 25 p.s.i.g.
The heat exchanger may be used in an air refrigeration tunnel to cool ambient air from 80 degrees F. down to 83 degrees R, such cooled air being used to cool any suitable commodity which may pass through the refrigeration tunnel.
ice
On the other hand, the heat exchanger may be used by heat exchange with some element in a liquid nitrogen production plant to furnish part of the cold necessary to obtain liquid nitrogen from the air, such liquid nitrogen may then at atmospheric pressure be shipped to a point where it is used as a refrigerant.
Other objects will appear from time to time throughout the specification and claims.
My invention is illustrated diagrammatically in the accompanying drawing which discloses a flow sheet which illustrates the use of the heat exchanger in an air refrigeration chamber but it will be understood other uses as above referred to for the refrigeration effect may be equally efiective.
Like parts are indicated by like characters throughout the specification and drawings.
In the flow sheet, the cross country transmission line 1 carries gas at high, perhaps 800# pressure. The main 2 leads from the transmission line to a distribution valve 3. From the distribution valve 3, a duct 4 leads to a gas heater 5. From the gas heater 5, a duct 6 leads to the expansion valve 7. A duct 8 leads from the expansion valve 7 to a metering valve 9. The duct 10 leads thence through the control valve 11 to the city main system 12. All the above is in accordance with usual city gate station practice except that the valve 3 may be adjusted to distribute part of the gas from the duct 2 into duct 4 and part of the gas into the duct 13 which leads to the refrigeration part of the system. The duct 13 leads to a carbon dioxide extractor 14 which in turn discharges to a water extractor 15. The gas from the water extractor at 800# pressure and degrees F., passes through the coil 16 in a precooler 17 from which gas is discharged through the duct 18 at 890# pressure and 65 degrees F. to a turbo expander 19 Where it expands, doing work and is reduced in pressure to 25# p.s.i.g. and 108 degrees F. This cold low pressure gas passes through the duct 20 to the refrigeration heat exchange coil 21, thence it passes at 23# pressure and 55 degrees F. through the duct 22 to the heat exchanger 17. From there the gas passes through the duct 23 at 20# pressure and 70 degrees F. to the compressor 24. The compressor is driven by a turbo expander, the work of which passes the gas from 20# up to 25# and discharges it at degrees F. through the duct 25 to the city main control valve 11.
The heat exchanger refrigeration coil 21 may for convenience be located in an air cooling chamber 26. A fan 27 forces ambient air at 80 degrees F. through the heat exchange air refrigeration chamber where it is cooled by the coil 21 and discharged into a product chill tunnel 28 at -83 degrees F. The product to be chilled may enter the tunnel at 29 and be discharged at 30.
As above indicated, the refrigeration heat exchanger 21 may form part of a liquid nitrogen plant, the details of which form no part of the present invention and so are not illustrated but such a plant would utilize the cold gas in the refrigeration heat exchange coil to provide part of the cold necessary for the production of liquid nitrogen, which liquid nitrogen can then 'be used in place or shipped elsewhere as a refrigerant.
The important thing here is that instead of wasting all the heat necessary to protect the city main system from the Joule-Thompson elfect as the pressure drops from, say, 800# down to 25#, I am using part of but not all of the Joule-Thompson effect amplified by the turbo compressor combination to obtain useful refrigeration, whether it is used in place as a coolant or as part of a gas reduction process being beside the point.
I claim:
1. In a gas distribution station having a high pressure gas main, a low pressure gas main and an expansion valve between them, a refrigeration means in parallel with the expansion valve including a heat exchange pre-cooler, a turbo compressor; aturb'o expander and a heat exchange refrigerationcoil, means on the upstream side of theexpansion valve for discharging gas fromthe highpressuremain; conducting it throughthe pre-cooler tothe turbo expander where it does work with resultant fall in temperature and in pressure to apoint below the pressure inthe low pressure main, means for passingthe coldgas through the'refrigeration heat exchange coil and through the pre-cooler, to the turbo compressor where it is compressed to a pressure the same as thatin the low pressure main and means for supplying it to the low pressure main.
2. A gas refrigeration means including in series a source of high pressure warm gas, means for cleaning it, means for cooling it, means for causing it to do work with resultant reduction in pressure and temperature, means for using the resultant cold gas by heat exchange as arefrigerant, means for warming the gas, means for compressing it and means for discharging it from the system.
3. A gas refrigeration system including a heat exchange pre-cooler, a turbo compressor, a turbo expander and a heat exchange refrigeration coil, a source of high pressure warm gas, means for conducting such gas through the heat exchange pre-cooler to the turbo expander where it does work with resultant reduction in temperature and pressure, means for conducting the cold gas from the turbo expander through the heat exchange refrigeration coil and through the heat exchange precooler'to the turbo'cornpressor where his compressed and means for discharging the compressed gas from the system.
4. A gas refrigeration. system including a heat exchange pre-cooler, a-turhocompressor, a turbo expander and a heat exchange refrigeration coil, 21 source of high pressure Warm-gas, means for conductingsuch gas through the heat exchange preacooler' to the turbo expander where it does work with resultant'reduction in pressure and "temperature, means for conducting the cold gas from the turbo'expander through the heat exchange refrigeration coil and through the heat exchange pre-cooler to the turbo compressor where it is compressed to a pressure below that'of' the high pressure gas but above that of the gas inthe refrigeration coil and means for discharging the compressed gas from the system.v
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,002,565 Booth May 28, 1935 2,392,783 Stevens Jan. 8, 1946 2,494,120 Ferro Jan. 10, 1950 2,753,700 Morrison July 10, 1956 2,875,589 Horn Mar. 3, 1959 OTHER REFERENCES Natural Gas and Gasoline Journal, September 1917, page 245.
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Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3118286A (en) * 1964-01-21 Method and apparatus for obtaining work from a compressed gas
US3226948A (en) * 1964-10-07 1966-01-04 Ingersoll Rand Co Dehumidifying apparatus
DE1237594B (en) * 1962-07-03 1967-03-30 Saurer Ag Adolph Cooling system
US3735601A (en) * 1971-07-16 1973-05-29 J Stannard Low temperature refrigeration system
US3846994A (en) * 1973-11-05 1974-11-12 W Reid Low temperature natural gas transmission
US3995440A (en) * 1975-12-24 1976-12-07 Sun Oil Company Of Pennsylvania Vapor control system
US4522636A (en) * 1984-02-08 1985-06-11 Kryos Energy Inc. Pipeline gas pressure reduction with refrigeration generation
US4563203A (en) * 1984-04-16 1986-01-07 Kryos Energy Inc. Refrigeration from expansion of transmission pipeline gas
US4711093A (en) * 1987-02-27 1987-12-08 Kryos Energy Inc. Cogeneration of electricity and refrigeration by work-expanding pipeline gas
US4797141A (en) * 1987-04-21 1989-01-10 Carburos Metalicos S.A. Method for obtaining CO2 and N2 from internal combustion engine or turbine generated gases
US5036678A (en) * 1990-03-30 1991-08-06 General Electric Company Auxiliary refrigerated air system employing mixture of air bled from turbine engine compressor and air recirculated within auxiliary system
US5056335A (en) * 1990-04-02 1991-10-15 General Electric Company Auxiliary refrigerated air system employing input air from turbine engine compressor after bypassing and conditioning within auxiliary system
US5372010A (en) * 1992-07-10 1994-12-13 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Method and arrangement for the compression of gas
WO2000052403A1 (en) * 1999-03-04 2000-09-08 Robert Wissolik Natural gas letdown liquefaction system
US20100215566A1 (en) * 2006-11-20 2010-08-26 Jose Lourenco Method to condense and recover carbon dioxide from fuel cells
US20110214839A1 (en) * 2008-11-10 2011-09-08 Jose Lourenco Method to increase gas mass flow injection rates to gas storage caverns using lng
US20150000261A1 (en) * 2011-11-29 2015-01-01 HUCON Swiss AG Pressure Reduction of Gaseous Operating Media
US10006695B2 (en) 2012-08-27 2018-06-26 1304338 Alberta Ltd. Method of producing and distributing liquid natural gas
US10077937B2 (en) 2013-04-15 2018-09-18 1304338 Alberta Ltd. Method to produce LNG
US10288347B2 (en) 2014-08-15 2019-05-14 1304338 Alberta Ltd. Method of removing carbon dioxide during liquid natural gas production from natural gas at gas pressure letdown stations
US10571187B2 (en) 2012-03-21 2020-02-25 1304338 Alberta Ltd Temperature controlled method to liquefy gas and a production plant using the method
US10634426B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2020-04-28 1304338 Alberta Ltd Method to produce liquefied natural gas (LNG) at midstream natural gas liquids (NGLs) recovery plants
US10852058B2 (en) 2012-12-04 2020-12-01 1304338 Alberta Ltd. Method to produce LNG at gas pressure letdown stations in natural gas transmission pipeline systems
US11097220B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2021-08-24 1304338 Alberta Ltd. Method of preparing natural gas to produce liquid natural gas (LNG)
US11486636B2 (en) 2012-05-11 2022-11-01 1304338 Alberta Ltd Method to recover LPG and condensates from refineries fuel gas streams

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US2002565A (en) * 1932-09-13 1935-05-28 Jackson & Moreland Utilization of high pressure gas
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US3118286A (en) * 1964-01-21 Method and apparatus for obtaining work from a compressed gas
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US4522636A (en) * 1984-02-08 1985-06-11 Kryos Energy Inc. Pipeline gas pressure reduction with refrigeration generation
US4563203A (en) * 1984-04-16 1986-01-07 Kryos Energy Inc. Refrigeration from expansion of transmission pipeline gas
US4711093A (en) * 1987-02-27 1987-12-08 Kryos Energy Inc. Cogeneration of electricity and refrigeration by work-expanding pipeline gas
WO1988006704A1 (en) * 1987-02-27 1988-09-07 The Brooklyn Union Gas Company Cogeneration of electricity and refrigeration by work-expanding pipeline gas
US4797141A (en) * 1987-04-21 1989-01-10 Carburos Metalicos S.A. Method for obtaining CO2 and N2 from internal combustion engine or turbine generated gases
US5036678A (en) * 1990-03-30 1991-08-06 General Electric Company Auxiliary refrigerated air system employing mixture of air bled from turbine engine compressor and air recirculated within auxiliary system
US5056335A (en) * 1990-04-02 1991-10-15 General Electric Company Auxiliary refrigerated air system employing input air from turbine engine compressor after bypassing and conditioning within auxiliary system
US5372010A (en) * 1992-07-10 1994-12-13 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Method and arrangement for the compression of gas
WO2000052403A1 (en) * 1999-03-04 2000-09-08 Robert Wissolik Natural gas letdown liquefaction system
US8088528B2 (en) * 2006-11-20 2012-01-03 Jose Lourenco Method to condense and recover carbon dioxide from fuel cells
US20100215566A1 (en) * 2006-11-20 2010-08-26 Jose Lourenco Method to condense and recover carbon dioxide from fuel cells
US20110214839A1 (en) * 2008-11-10 2011-09-08 Jose Lourenco Method to increase gas mass flow injection rates to gas storage caverns using lng
US20150000261A1 (en) * 2011-11-29 2015-01-01 HUCON Swiss AG Pressure Reduction of Gaseous Operating Media
US10634426B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2020-04-28 1304338 Alberta Ltd Method to produce liquefied natural gas (LNG) at midstream natural gas liquids (NGLs) recovery plants
US10571187B2 (en) 2012-03-21 2020-02-25 1304338 Alberta Ltd Temperature controlled method to liquefy gas and a production plant using the method
US11486636B2 (en) 2012-05-11 2022-11-01 1304338 Alberta Ltd Method to recover LPG and condensates from refineries fuel gas streams
US10006695B2 (en) 2012-08-27 2018-06-26 1304338 Alberta Ltd. Method of producing and distributing liquid natural gas
US10852058B2 (en) 2012-12-04 2020-12-01 1304338 Alberta Ltd. Method to produce LNG at gas pressure letdown stations in natural gas transmission pipeline systems
US10077937B2 (en) 2013-04-15 2018-09-18 1304338 Alberta Ltd. Method to produce LNG
US10288347B2 (en) 2014-08-15 2019-05-14 1304338 Alberta Ltd. Method of removing carbon dioxide during liquid natural gas production from natural gas at gas pressure letdown stations
US11097220B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2021-08-24 1304338 Alberta Ltd. Method of preparing natural gas to produce liquid natural gas (LNG)
US11173445B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2021-11-16 1304338 Alberta Ltd. Method of preparing natural gas at a gas pressure reduction stations to produce liquid natural gas (LNG)

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