US2973261A - Columbium base alloys - Google Patents

Columbium base alloys Download PDF

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Publication number
US2973261A
US2973261A US819776A US81977659A US2973261A US 2973261 A US2973261 A US 2973261A US 819776 A US819776 A US 819776A US 81977659 A US81977659 A US 81977659A US 2973261 A US2973261 A US 2973261A
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alloy
columbium
weight
molybdenum
alloys
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Expired - Lifetime
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US819776A
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Robert G Frank
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Priority to US819776A priority Critical patent/US2973261A/en
Priority to GB15937/60A priority patent/GB925044A/en
Priority to BE591491A priority patent/BE591491A/fr
Priority to CH663160A priority patent/CH472504A/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/02—Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum

Definitions

  • This invention relates to columbium base alloys and more particularly to high strength columbium base alloys including zirconium as well as at least one of the elements tungsten and molybdenum.
  • Columbium base alloys represent a new class of materials which designers are studying in the selection of materials for applications in the temperature range of 1900-2500 F.
  • the initial approach used by many in the study of columbium base alloys was to direct their work toward oxidation resistance believing that high temperature strength could be easily attained because of the high melting point of the alloy.
  • high temperature strength is not as easily attainable as was first anticipated because of unexpected detrimental effects on strength and/or ductility by elements which improve oxidation resistance of columbium base alloys.
  • a principal object of my invention is to provide a columbium base alloy including combined properties of both strength and oxidation resistance.
  • Another object is to provide a columbium base alloy including small amounts of zirconium as well as at least one of the elements tungsten and molybdenum.
  • Alloys l, 2 and 3 include a relatively large amount of carbon as compared with alloys 4, 5 and 8. Alloy 3 contains no molybdenum or tungsten and alloy 8 contains both molybdenum and tungsten.
  • U.T.S. is the value in pounds per square inch obtained when the maximum load recorded during the plastic straining of a specimen is divided by the cross sectional area of the specimen before straining.
  • 0.2% yield strength shown in the table as 0.2% Y.S., is the stress at which a material exhibits 0.2% deviation from the proportionality of stress to strain;
  • Figs. 1 and 2 are graphical comparisons of tensile properties for a form of my alloy and a known alloy.
  • Fig. 3 is a graphical comparison of stress rupture data for a form of my alloy with those of a known alloy and with pure columbium.
  • I provide a columbium base alloy comprising in percent by weight about 4-20 of at least one of the elements tungsten and molybdenum, about 0.1-1.8 zirconium, up to about 1 titanium, up to about 0.3 carbon, up to about 0.25 oxygen with the balance essentially columbium.
  • columbium powder included an oxygen level of 0.08-0.l2 percent by weight and a carbon level of about 0.06-0.1 percent by weight.
  • Table I includes typical examples of this series of alloys within the range in percent by weight of 4-20 Mo and/or W, 0.1. Ti, 0.0-1, Zr, up to about 0.3 C with commonly used as the basis of design strength of articles.
  • the strongest commercially produced columbium base alloy that I know of and which I will designate as alloy A includes in percent by Weight about l0 Ti and 10 Mo with the balance essentially Cb.
  • Tensile data for alloy A is compared graphically in Figs. l and 2 with pure columbium and with an alloy within my novel composition range. Thus the improved strength of my alloy is easily recognized.
  • Table II represents some of the tensile data obtained from forms of my alloy after swaging and vacuum annealing for about one hour at about 2000 F.
  • the specimens tested which were from 0.350 inch diameter bar stock were 0.160" diameter by l. inch gage length and were tested in a vacuum.
  • the series of alloys of Table III represent a composition range in percent by weight of about -15 Mo, up to about 1.8 Zr, about (m4-.0.13 C, about 0.03-0.26 O2 with the balance essentially columbium.
  • Alloy 4 1 which included no zirconium was ditlicult to work and fractured during swaging.
  • Alloy 4-3. which included 1.84 percent by weight zirconium was just barely workable; it could not be swaged but was double extruded. Thus the useful range of zirconium in my alloy was established to be about 0.1-1.8 percent by weight.
  • the tensile data obtained from alloys 4-2, 4-5 and 4-6 are shown in the following Table IV.
  • alloy 4-5 included a relatively large amount of carbon which resulted in a coarse secondary phase, it exhibited satisfactory tensile properties.
  • the increased carbon at such high levels is; not eiective as a strengthener or a means to increase recrystallation temperature. Carbor would probably be detrimental to workability in amounts greater than about 0.3% by weight.
  • the effect of high oxygen content in alloy 4-6 resulted in higher tensile strength at the 2000" F. testing temperature.
  • Alloy 8 and its variations for example alloy 8-1 of Figs. 1 and 2, which I have found to have the preferable composition in percent by weight of about 0.()4-012A carbon, about 0.03-.06 oxygen, about 4-6' molybdenum, about 13-17 tungsten, about 0.5-1.25 zirconium with the balance essentiallyv columbium, 05ers the best combination of strength and oxidation resistance.
  • stress rupture test A test which I conducted and which shows the excellent strength of my alloy at elevated temperatures is sometimes called a "stress rupture test.
  • stress rupture strength which is the value in pounds per square inch (load on a specimen divided by the cross-sectionalarea of the specimen before straining) of a specified amount of resistance to deformation and/or fracture that the specimen can withstand for a specified length of time.
  • my alloy 8 has good oxidation resistance and is representative of other forms of my alloy. As measured by metal loss in mils per side, alloy 8 loses only about 8 mils per side after 24 hours at 2000 F. and only about 13 mils per side after 24 hours at 2200" F., in air.
  • a columbium base alloy consisting essentially of by weight at least one element selected from the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum, the molybdenum content being selected from the range 413.5% and the tungsten content being selected from the range 5.2- l7%, about 0.l-1.8% zirconium, with the balance essentially columbium.
  • the alloy of claim l including by weight up to about 0.25% oxygenup to about 1% titanium, and up to about 0.3% carbon.
  • the alloy of claim 2 including 0.02-0.25% by weight oxygen.
  • a columbium base alloy consisting essentially of by weight S.2-17% tungsten, 0.3-1.3% zirconium, up to about 1% titanium, (m4-0.12% carbon, with the balance essentially columbium.
  • a columbium base alloy consisting essentially of by weight 4-13.5% molybdenum, (I1-1.8% zirconium, up to about 1% titanium, D04-0.13% carbon with the balance essentially columbium.
  • a columbium base alloy consisting essentially of by weight 10-13.5% molybdenum, 0.5-1.3% zirconium, 0.04-0.13% carbon, with ⁇ the balance essentially columbium.
  • a columbium hase alloy consisting essentially of by weight 13.17'% tungsten, 46%v molybdenum, 0.5- 1.25% zirconium, 0.04-0.12% carbon, 0.03-0.06% oxygen, with the balance essentially columbium.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
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US819776A 1959-06-11 1959-06-11 Columbium base alloys Expired - Lifetime US2973261A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US819776A US2973261A (en) 1959-06-11 1959-06-11 Columbium base alloys
GB15937/60A GB925044A (en) 1959-06-11 1960-05-05 Improvements in columbium base alloys
BE591491A BE591491A (fr) 1959-06-11 1960-06-02 Alliages à base de niobium.
CH663160A CH472504A (de) 1959-06-11 1960-06-10 Niob-Legierung mit verbesserter Zugfestigkeit, Oxydationsbeständigkeit und Verarbeitbarkeit

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US819776A US2973261A (en) 1959-06-11 1959-06-11 Columbium base alloys

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BE (1) BE591491A (fr)
CH (1) CH472504A (fr)
GB (1) GB925044A (fr)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3056672A (en) * 1960-12-01 1962-10-02 Gen Electric Columbium base alloy
US3113863A (en) * 1960-05-31 1963-12-10 Gen Electric Columbium base alloy
US3181946A (en) * 1961-11-09 1965-05-04 Iit Res Inst Columbium base alloys
US3188205A (en) * 1961-12-20 1965-06-08 Fansteel Metallurgical Corp Columbium alloy
US3188207A (en) * 1963-03-08 1965-06-08 Union Carbide Corp Cold workable columbium base alloy
DE1208499B (de) * 1961-06-19 1966-01-05 Gen Electric Nioblegierung hoher Kriechfestigkeit bei hohen Temperaturen sowie verbesserter Verarbeitbarkeit und Schweissbarkeit
US3230119A (en) * 1963-09-17 1966-01-18 Du Pont Method of treating columbium-base alloy
US3236638A (en) * 1963-11-01 1966-02-22 Gen Electric Columbium-base alloy of improved fabricability
US3243290A (en) * 1963-07-22 1966-03-29 Gen Electric Tantalum base alloy
US3266892A (en) * 1965-01-04 1966-08-16 Samuel A Worcester Columbium-hafnium base alloys with yttrium addition
US3317314A (en) * 1959-11-18 1967-05-02 Union Carbide Corp Columbium-base alloy
US3346379A (en) * 1961-11-15 1967-10-10 Union Carbide Corp Niobium base alloy
US3366513A (en) * 1964-02-20 1968-01-30 Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd Heat treatment of niobium alloys
US3384479A (en) * 1965-07-08 1968-05-21 Gen Electric Columbium-base alloys
US3607251A (en) * 1969-04-18 1971-09-21 Ostermann Friedrich G Molybdenum in carbon containing niobium-base alloys
US4299625A (en) * 1978-09-25 1981-11-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Niobium-base alloy

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT391435B (de) * 1988-04-14 1990-10-10 Plansee Metallwerk Verfahren zur herstellung einer odssinterlegierung

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2822268A (en) * 1956-08-01 1958-02-04 Du Pont Compositions of matter
US2838396A (en) * 1956-11-14 1958-06-10 Du Pont Metal production
AT201297B (de) * 1957-10-11 1958-12-27 Plansee Metallwerk Hochschmelzende Sinterlegierung
US2883282A (en) * 1957-05-21 1959-04-21 Horizons Inc Protection of niobium from oxidation

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2822268A (en) * 1956-08-01 1958-02-04 Du Pont Compositions of matter
US2838396A (en) * 1956-11-14 1958-06-10 Du Pont Metal production
US2883282A (en) * 1957-05-21 1959-04-21 Horizons Inc Protection of niobium from oxidation
AT201297B (de) * 1957-10-11 1958-12-27 Plansee Metallwerk Hochschmelzende Sinterlegierung

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3317314A (en) * 1959-11-18 1967-05-02 Union Carbide Corp Columbium-base alloy
US3113863A (en) * 1960-05-31 1963-12-10 Gen Electric Columbium base alloy
US3056672A (en) * 1960-12-01 1962-10-02 Gen Electric Columbium base alloy
DE1208499B (de) * 1961-06-19 1966-01-05 Gen Electric Nioblegierung hoher Kriechfestigkeit bei hohen Temperaturen sowie verbesserter Verarbeitbarkeit und Schweissbarkeit
US3181946A (en) * 1961-11-09 1965-05-04 Iit Res Inst Columbium base alloys
US3346379A (en) * 1961-11-15 1967-10-10 Union Carbide Corp Niobium base alloy
US3188205A (en) * 1961-12-20 1965-06-08 Fansteel Metallurgical Corp Columbium alloy
US3188207A (en) * 1963-03-08 1965-06-08 Union Carbide Corp Cold workable columbium base alloy
US3243290A (en) * 1963-07-22 1966-03-29 Gen Electric Tantalum base alloy
US3230119A (en) * 1963-09-17 1966-01-18 Du Pont Method of treating columbium-base alloy
US3236638A (en) * 1963-11-01 1966-02-22 Gen Electric Columbium-base alloy of improved fabricability
US3366513A (en) * 1964-02-20 1968-01-30 Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd Heat treatment of niobium alloys
US3266892A (en) * 1965-01-04 1966-08-16 Samuel A Worcester Columbium-hafnium base alloys with yttrium addition
US3384479A (en) * 1965-07-08 1968-05-21 Gen Electric Columbium-base alloys
US3607251A (en) * 1969-04-18 1971-09-21 Ostermann Friedrich G Molybdenum in carbon containing niobium-base alloys
US4299625A (en) * 1978-09-25 1981-11-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Niobium-base alloy

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Publication number Publication date
GB925044A (en) 1963-05-01
CH472504A (de) 1969-05-15
BE591491A (fr) 1960-10-03

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