US3113863A - Columbium base alloy - Google Patents
Columbium base alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3113863A US3113863A US32581A US3258160A US3113863A US 3113863 A US3113863 A US 3113863A US 32581 A US32581 A US 32581A US 3258160 A US3258160 A US 3258160A US 3113863 A US3113863 A US 3113863A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- columbium
- weight
- columbium base
- base alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 39
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101710179738 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710186608 Lipoyl synthase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710137584 Lipoyl synthase 1, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710090391 Lipoyl synthase 1, mitochondrial Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/02—Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
Definitions
- This invention relates to columbium base alloys and, more particularly, to columbium base alloys hardened by both solution hardening through tungsten and molybdenum and dispersion hardening through a combination of zirconium, hafnium and titanium in the presence of carbon.
- columbium base alloys includes improvement in both strength as well as in oxidation resistance. Generally, however, an alloy which finally finds its way into production is neither the strongest alloy available nor the one having the best oxidation resistance. It is an alloy having the best combination of strength and oxidation resistance along with suitable ductility to allow it to be fabricated.
- Various columbium base alloys achieve their strength through two co-acting mechanisms.
- One of these mechanisms is solution hardening in which certain judiciously selected quantities of particular substitutional elements are put into a single phase or solid solution with the base metal. This is generally accomplished during vacuum arc melting of the alloy.
- Another of the co-acting strengthening mechanisms is dispersion hardening in which other judiciously selected quantities of particular substitutional elements are included in the alloy along with such interstitial elements as. carbon or oxygen or both to form fine, well dispersed and thermodynamically stable particles of carbides or oxides or both.
- the presence of such a fine, well dispersed phase within the matrix of a metal alloy is very effective in inhibiting motion of dislocations and thereby slip during long time constant load stress rupture conditions.
- the principal object of this invention is to provide an improved columbium base alloy having a good balance of strength and oxidation resistance and having a strong matrix reinforced by a fine dispersion of complex highly stabilized carbides.
- Another object is to provide an improved columbium base alloy which is both solution and dispersion hardened to give improved strength properties through carbides of titanium, zirconium and hafnium and a judicious ratio of carbide former to carbon.
- this invention provides a columbium base alloy solution hardened with tungsten and molybdenum and dispersion hardened with 0.1-1% by weight titanium, 0.11.8% by weight zirconium and 0.5-1% by weight hafnium in the presence of carbon to form dispersed simple and complex carbides of titanium, zirconium and hafnium.
- columbium base alloy described in co-pending application Serial Number 819,776, Frank, filed June 11, 1959, now US. Patent 2,973,261, issued February 28, 1961, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention, is an example of a columbium base alloy solution hardened with a judicious selection of one or both of the elements tungsten and molybdenum within the range of 420% by weight.
- a preferred form of the present invention is an alloy consisting essentially of, in percent by weight, 1520% W, 540% Mo, 0.5-1% Zr, 0.050.1% C, (LS-1% Hf, O.10.25% Ti with the balance columbium.
- small amounts of boron can be added in order to further improve strength properties.
- Table I provides the composition of some typical alloys Within and Without the scope of this invention which were melted and tested. These alloys were vacuum arc melted in five pound heats, extruded and swaged to diameter stock.
- Tables II and III below report the results of tensile and stress rupture tests conducted in vacuum on the swaged alloys.
- AS 10 and 11 which are significantly stronger in all respects
- AS 10 the preferred form of the alloy of this invention is represented by the range of alloys AS 10 and 11 (which are significantly stronger in all respects) and specifically the composition of AS 10, it can be recognized that alloy AS 7, within the range of this invention results in improved tensile strength properties at 2200" F. and improved 0.2% yield stnength and stress rupture life at 2000 F. in comparison with the strongest alloy of the abovementioned co-pending application, herein represented as alloy F 8-1.
- the dramatic increase in the 3 tensile properties of alloys AS 10 and 11 is readily seen in Table II.
- the stress rupture strength of the alloy of this invention, and particularly AS 10 is dramatically greater than similar alloys which are not as judiciously solution and dispersion hardened through the careful selection of the elements Within the scope of the present invention.
- Another Way of representing the greatly improved stress rupture properties of the specifically preferred alloy form AS 10 in comparison with alloy F 8-1 is to note that the 2200 F1100 hour stress rupture life of AS 10 is 22,000 psi. in comparison with 16,500 p.s.i. for alloy form F 8-1.
- An improved columbium base ailloy consisting esi sentially, in percent by weight, of 15-20% W, 510% M0, 0.51% Zr, ODS-0.1% C, O.51% Hf, (ll-0.25% "Di, up to about 0.05% B With the balance oolumbium.
- An improved columbium base alloy consisting essentially, in percent by weight, of 20% W, 10% M0,
- An improved columbium base alloy consisting essentially, in percent by Weight, of 20% W, 10% Mo, 1% Zr, 0.1% C, 0.5% Hf, 0.1% Ti, 0.05% B, with the balance oolumbium.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Description
United States Patent ice 3,113,853 COLUMBIUM BASE ALLOY Winston H. Chang, Cincinnati, and Jack W. Clark, Milford, Ulric, assignors to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York No Drawing. Filed May 31, 1960, Ser. No. 32,581 3 Claims. (Cl. 75-174) This invention relates to columbium base alloys and, more particularly, to columbium base alloys hardened by both solution hardening through tungsten and molybdenum and dispersion hardening through a combination of zirconium, hafnium and titanium in the presence of carbon.
The development of columbium base alloys includes improvement in both strength as well as in oxidation resistance. Generally, however, an alloy which finally finds its way into production is neither the strongest alloy available nor the one having the best oxidation resistance. It is an alloy having the best combination of strength and oxidation resistance along with suitable ductility to allow it to be fabricated.
Various columbium base alloys achieve their strength through two co-acting mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is solution hardening in which certain judiciously selected quantities of particular substitutional elements are put into a single phase or solid solution with the base metal. This is generally accomplished during vacuum arc melting of the alloy. Another of the co-acting strengthening mechanisms is dispersion hardening in which other judiciously selected quantities of particular substitutional elements are included in the alloy along with such interstitial elements as. carbon or oxygen or both to form fine, well dispersed and thermodynamically stable particles of carbides or oxides or both. The presence of such a fine, well dispersed phase within the matrix of a metal alloy is very effective in inhibiting motion of dislocations and thereby slip during long time constant load stress rupture conditions.
The principal object of this invention is to provide an improved columbium base alloy having a good balance of strength and oxidation resistance and having a strong matrix reinforced by a fine dispersion of complex highly stabilized carbides.
Another object is to provide an improved columbium base alloy which is both solution and dispersion hardened to give improved strength properties through carbides of titanium, zirconium and hafnium and a judicious ratio of carbide former to carbon.
These and other objects and advantages will become more readily apparent from the following more detailed description which is meant to be exemplary and not a limitation on the broad scope of the invention.
Briefly, this invention provides a columbium base alloy solution hardened with tungsten and molybdenum and dispersion hardened with 0.1-1% by weight titanium, 0.11.8% by weight zirconium and 0.5-1% by weight hafnium in the presence of carbon to form dispersed simple and complex carbides of titanium, zirconium and hafnium.
The columbium base alloy described in co-pending application Serial Number 819,776, Frank, filed June 11, 1959, now US. Patent 2,973,261, issued February 28, 1961, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention, is an example of a columbium base alloy solution hardened with a judicious selection of one or both of the elements tungsten and molybdenum within the range of 420% by weight. In addition, that alloy is dispersion hardened with about 0=.1-1.8%- by Weight zirconium and optionally up to 1% by weight titanium in the presence of 3,113,853 Patented Dec. 10, 1963 a up to about 0.3% by weight carbon and optionally up to about 0.25% by weight oxygen.
It has been found through the present invention that a dramatic increase in strength without loss of oxidation resistance can be achieved in such an alloy, particularly with the larger amounts of tungsten and molybdenum, through the judicious use of 0.5-1% by Weight hafnium along with titanium and zirconium in the presence of carbon to form highly stabilized complex carbides well dispersed throughout the solution hardened Cb-Mo-W matrix.
A preferred form of the present invention is an alloy consisting essentially of, in percent by weight, 1520% W, 540% Mo, 0.5-1% Zr, 0.050.1% C, (LS-1% Hf, O.10.25% Ti with the balance columbium. In another form, small amounts of boron can be added in order to further improve strength properties.
The following Table I provides the composition of some typical alloys Within and Without the scope of this invention which were melted and tested. These alloys were vacuum arc melted in five pound heats, extruded and swaged to diameter stock.
TABLE I Percent By Weight Alloy W Mo Zr 0 Hi Ti B G b 20 10 1 Balance. 20 10 0. 5 Do. 15 5 0. 5 D0. 15 5 0. 5 DO. 15 5 1 Do.
Tables II and III below report the results of tensile and stress rupture tests conducted in vacuum on the swaged alloys.
TABLE II Tensile Properties Ultimate Strength 0.2% Yield Strength (1,000 p.s.1.) (1,000 p.S.i.) Alloy 2,000 F. 2,200 F. 2,000 F. i 2,200 F.
AS 11 61.2 58. 0 AS 10 90. 0 64. 2 86. 4 55. 5 AS 7 59. 8 50. 3 51. 3 48. 3 AS 12 52. 0 45. 2 48.4 40.0 F 8-1 64 48 50 35 TABLE III Stress Rupture Properties Life (hrs. Alloy 35,000 p.s.i.
. and 2,000 F.)
AS 10 104.12 AS 7 u 48. 07 AS 12. 19. 7 F 8-1 20 Although the preferred form of the alloy of this invention is represented by the range of alloys AS 10 and 11 (which are significantly stronger in all respects) and specifically the composition of AS 10, it can be recognized that alloy AS 7, within the range of this invention results in improved tensile strength properties at 2200" F. and improved 0.2% yield stnength and stress rupture life at 2000 F. in comparison with the strongest alloy of the abovementioned co-pending application, herein represented as alloy F 8-1. The dramatic increase in the 3 tensile properties of alloys AS 10 and 11 is readily seen in Table II.
As represented in Table III, the stress rupture strength of the alloy of this invention, and particularly AS 10, is dramatically greater than similar alloys which are not as judiciously solution and dispersion hardened through the careful selection of the elements Within the scope of the present invention. Another Way of representing the greatly improved stress rupture properties of the specifically preferred alloy form AS 10 in comparison with alloy F 8-1 is to note that the 2200 F1100 hour stress rupture life of AS 10 is 22,000 psi. in comparison with 16,500 p.s.i. for alloy form F 8-1.
Although the present invention has been described in connection with specific examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art, that the modifications and variations of which this invention is capable fall within the broad concept of a judicious selection of the element hafnium along With titanium and zirconium, in the presence of carbon to provide improved dispersion hard ening to a solution hardened columbium base alloy.
What is claimed is:
1. An improved columbium base ailloy consisting esi sentially, in percent by weight, of 15-20% W, 510% M0, 0.51% Zr, ODS-0.1% C, O.51% Hf, (ll-0.25% "Di, up to about 0.05% B With the balance oolumbium.
2. An improved columbium base alloy consisting essentially, in percent by weight, of 20% W, 10% M0,
0.5% Zr, 0.1% C, 1% Hf, 0.25% Ti, with the balance columbium.
3. An improved columbium base alloy consisting essentially, in percent by Weight, of 20% W, 10% Mo, 1% Zr, 0.1% C, 0.5% Hf, 0.1% Ti, 0.05% B, with the balance oolumbium.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS
Claims (1)
1. AN IMPROVED COLUMBIUM BASE ALLOY CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY, IN PERCENT BY WEIGHT, OF 15-20% W, 5-10% MO, 0.5-1% ZR, 0.05-0.1% C, 0.5-1% HF, 0.1-0.25% TI, UP TO ABOUT 0.05% B WITH THE BALANCE COLUMBIUM.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US32581A US3113863A (en) | 1960-05-31 | 1960-05-31 | Columbium base alloy |
| GB18323/61A GB957335A (en) | 1960-05-31 | 1961-05-19 | Improvements in columbium base alloys |
| BE604196A BE604196A (en) | 1960-05-31 | 1961-05-25 | Niobium-based alloy |
| CH629861A CH410438A (en) | 1960-05-31 | 1961-05-30 | Niobium alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US32581A US3113863A (en) | 1960-05-31 | 1960-05-31 | Columbium base alloy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3113863A true US3113863A (en) | 1963-12-10 |
Family
ID=21865693
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US32581A Expired - Lifetime US3113863A (en) | 1960-05-31 | 1960-05-31 | Columbium base alloy |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3113863A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE604196A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH410438A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB957335A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3222166A (en) * | 1963-10-11 | 1965-12-07 | Crucible Steel Co America | Tungsten-base alloy |
| US3230119A (en) * | 1963-09-17 | 1966-01-18 | Du Pont | Method of treating columbium-base alloy |
| US3243291A (en) * | 1963-10-29 | 1966-03-29 | Gen Telephone & Elect | High-temperature alloy |
| US3341370A (en) * | 1963-12-10 | 1967-09-12 | United Aircraft Corp | Hafnium-containing columbium-base alloys |
| US3366513A (en) * | 1964-02-20 | 1968-01-30 | Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd | Heat treatment of niobium alloys |
| US3384479A (en) * | 1965-07-08 | 1968-05-21 | Gen Electric | Columbium-base alloys |
| US3390983A (en) * | 1964-04-20 | 1968-07-02 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Tantalum base alloys |
| US3607251A (en) * | 1969-04-18 | 1971-09-21 | Ostermann Friedrich G | Molybdenum in carbon containing niobium-base alloys |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2822268A (en) * | 1956-08-01 | 1958-02-04 | Du Pont | Compositions of matter |
| GB803855A (en) * | 1957-04-03 | 1958-11-05 | Du Pont | Improvements in or relating to niobium alloys |
| AT201297B (en) * | 1957-10-11 | 1958-12-27 | Plansee Metallwerk | Refractory sintered alloy |
| US2883282A (en) * | 1957-05-21 | 1959-04-21 | Horizons Inc | Protection of niobium from oxidation |
| US2973261A (en) * | 1959-06-11 | 1961-02-28 | Gen Electric | Columbium base alloys |
-
1960
- 1960-05-31 US US32581A patent/US3113863A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1961
- 1961-05-19 GB GB18323/61A patent/GB957335A/en not_active Expired
- 1961-05-25 BE BE604196A patent/BE604196A/en unknown
- 1961-05-30 CH CH629861A patent/CH410438A/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2822268A (en) * | 1956-08-01 | 1958-02-04 | Du Pont | Compositions of matter |
| GB803855A (en) * | 1957-04-03 | 1958-11-05 | Du Pont | Improvements in or relating to niobium alloys |
| US2883282A (en) * | 1957-05-21 | 1959-04-21 | Horizons Inc | Protection of niobium from oxidation |
| AT201297B (en) * | 1957-10-11 | 1958-12-27 | Plansee Metallwerk | Refractory sintered alloy |
| US2973261A (en) * | 1959-06-11 | 1961-02-28 | Gen Electric | Columbium base alloys |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3230119A (en) * | 1963-09-17 | 1966-01-18 | Du Pont | Method of treating columbium-base alloy |
| US3222166A (en) * | 1963-10-11 | 1965-12-07 | Crucible Steel Co America | Tungsten-base alloy |
| US3243291A (en) * | 1963-10-29 | 1966-03-29 | Gen Telephone & Elect | High-temperature alloy |
| US3341370A (en) * | 1963-12-10 | 1967-09-12 | United Aircraft Corp | Hafnium-containing columbium-base alloys |
| US3366513A (en) * | 1964-02-20 | 1968-01-30 | Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd | Heat treatment of niobium alloys |
| US3390983A (en) * | 1964-04-20 | 1968-07-02 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Tantalum base alloys |
| US3384479A (en) * | 1965-07-08 | 1968-05-21 | Gen Electric | Columbium-base alloys |
| US3607251A (en) * | 1969-04-18 | 1971-09-21 | Ostermann Friedrich G | Molybdenum in carbon containing niobium-base alloys |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE604196A (en) | 1961-09-18 |
| GB957335A (en) | 1964-05-06 |
| CH410438A (en) | 1966-03-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3160500A (en) | Matrix-stiffened alloy | |
| US2973261A (en) | Columbium base alloys | |
| US3030206A (en) | High temperature chromiummolybdenum alloy | |
| US3113863A (en) | Columbium base alloy | |
| US2328580A (en) | Ruthenium alloy pen point | |
| US2160659A (en) | High resistance electrode | |
| US3322534A (en) | High temperature nickel-chromium base alloys | |
| US2756489A (en) | Metal alloy | |
| US3116145A (en) | Tungsten-hafnium alloy casting | |
| US3056672A (en) | Columbium base alloy | |
| US3027255A (en) | High strength niobium base alloys | |
| US3169860A (en) | Molybdenum-hafnium alloy casting | |
| US3554737A (en) | Cast refractory alloy | |
| US3278280A (en) | Workable ruthenium alloy and process for producing the same | |
| US3898081A (en) | Nickel base alloy for precision resistors | |
| US3243291A (en) | High-temperature alloy | |
| US3177076A (en) | Forgeable high temperature cast alloys | |
| US3507632A (en) | Composition of matter comprising hard materials | |
| US2747993A (en) | High temperature nickel-base alloy | |
| US2581420A (en) | Alloys | |
| US2188405A (en) | Molybdenum alloys | |
| US2947624A (en) | High temperature alloy | |
| US3463621A (en) | Alloys of sintered carbides | |
| US3395012A (en) | Niobium alloys | |
| US3597193A (en) | Vanadium base alloy |