US2971912A - Lubricating oil compositions - Google Patents

Lubricating oil compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
US2971912A
US2971912A US658519A US65851957A US2971912A US 2971912 A US2971912 A US 2971912A US 658519 A US658519 A US 658519A US 65851957 A US65851957 A US 65851957A US 2971912 A US2971912 A US 2971912A
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weight
ester
esters
group
mols
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US658519A
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Elliott John Scotchford
Edwards Eric Descamp
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Castrol Ltd
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Castrol Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/36—Esters of polycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/22—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/28—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M133/10—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms cycloaliphatic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M133/44—Five-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M133/44—Five-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C10M133/46—Imidazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
    • C10M135/10—Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
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    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
    • C10M135/28—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C10M135/30—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
    • C10M135/36—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
    • C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1045—Aromatic fractions used as base material
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    • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
    • C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
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    • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
    • C10M2203/1085—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks used as base material
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    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/049—Phosphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/10—Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin, cephalin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/044—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
    • C10N2040/13—Aircraft turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention comprises improvements in or relating to lubricating compositions and relates particularly to fluid lubricants suitable for use over a wide range of temperatures and under a variety of conditions.
  • Recent improvements in the design of gas turbine engines have increased the severity of the demands made upon the lubricant, which must have good oxidation resistance at high temperatures, e.g. of the order of 200' C., at the same time being non-corrosive towards metals used in the construction of the turbine engines, e.g. steel, copper, brass, magnesium, aluminium and cadmium plated steel. It must also possess a high load-carrying capacity, in order to provide adequate lubrication of the reduction gearing in the propeller-turbine type of engines.
  • di(hydroxyaryl) thioethers are a class of thermally stable compounds which may be added to the esters above referred to in order to improve their oxidation resistance at high temperatures.
  • antioxidants are phenm thiazine and some of its derivatives as described in the Journal entitled Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, December 1950, p. 2479 to p. 2489. I
  • Another class of antioxidants which are quite effective at high temperatures are the dialkyl selenides of relatively high molecular weight.
  • ester-type synthetic lubricants containing phenothiazine may, under certain conditions, produce at elevated temperatures an undesirable amount of tarnishing of copper and cuprous metals or silver, whilst di(hydroxyaryl) thioethers react with copper and cuprous metals to form copper derivatives which at very high temperatures, e.g. of the order of 280 C., tend to decompose with the formation of copper sulphides.
  • di(hydroxyaryl) thioethers react with copper and cuprous metals to form copper derivatives which at very high temperatures, e.g. of the order of 280 C., tend to decompose with the formation of copper sulphides.
  • ester-type synthetic lubricants containing one or more antioxidants of the foregoing classes of a minor proportion of one or more heterocyclic compounds as hereinafter defined, effective protection of cuprousrnetals and silver can be achieved even at high temperatures.
  • the present invention provides a lubricating composition
  • neutral ester used throughout the specification is to be understood as referring to esters having an acidity not exceeding 1 mg. KOH per gm.
  • esters which are suitable for use as the lubricant base in accordance with the present invention are substantially neutral saturated organic carboxylic acid esters having a viscosity index of at least 100, a pour point or freezing point not exceeding --40 F., a boiling or decomposition temperature not less than 600 F. and a flash point not less than 350 F. It will be understood that mixtures of esters may be employed comprising individual esters which have freezing points above -40 F. and viscosity indices below 100, provided that the mixture itself has the desired properties.
  • the preferred esters have the general formula coon. - ⁇ COOR:
  • Ri a saturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms
  • esters having the above general formula are-pre-' ferred, it'is also within the scope of the invention to employ esters obtained by esterifying the dicarboxylic acids with a mixture of an alcohol and a glycol to give I complex esters having the general formula R OOCRCOOR OOCRCOOR wherein R, R and R 'are as defined above and 3 /OH Rs is a glycol or polyglycol having not more than about 12 carbon atoms.
  • complex esters which may be employed are prepared by esterifying a dicarboxylic acid (1 mol) with a glycol (2 mols) and a monocarboxylic acid (2 mols) or with 1 mol each of a glycol, a monocarboxylic acid and a monohydric alcohol or with 2 mols eachof a hydroxy-acid and an alcohol.
  • Still other types of complex ester may be prepared by esterifying a glycol (1 mol) 3 l with a hydroxy-acid (2 mols) and a monocarboxylic acid (2 mols).
  • esters which may be suitable in certain circumstances are prepared by csterifying a glycol or polyglycol (1 mol) with 2 mols of a monocarboxylic acid, while still other esters may be obtained by completely esterifying with a suitable monocarboxylic acid polyhydric alco- 1101 such as trimcthylol propane or pentaerythrit'ol.
  • radicals R R and R may, if desired, contain ether oxygen linkages.
  • the mono-, diand polyhydric alcohols, and the monocarboxylic acids employed in the preparation of the complex esters may also contain ether oxygen linkages.
  • the esters should, however, be free from elements other than carbon hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the preferred diesters are derived from suceinic, pyrotartaric, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic, sebacic and pinic acids, specific esters being:
  • esters falling within the foregoing class possess both a high viscosity index and low pour'point
  • certain of them e.g. di( 1:3 dimethyl butyl) adipate.
  • di(3-methyl butyl) sebacate have relatively high freezing points (above 0 F.), and therefore would not normally be suitable for the purpose of this invention, except in admixture with other esters of lower freezing point.
  • esters may be selected according to the conditions under which the lubricant is to be used. Thus for use at very high temperatures it will be preferred to employ the esters of high molecular weight and particularly the higher branchedchain di-esters of azelaic and sebacic acid.
  • the complex esters which may be employed are preferably prepared by esterifying 2 mols of the dicarboxylic acid, 2 mols of the branched-chain aliphatic or alkylsubstituted cycloaliphatic alcohol. and not more than 1 mol of glycol.
  • glycols which may be used are ethylene, propylene and hexylcne glycols.
  • a monocarboxylic acid When a monocarboxylic acid is used in preparing a complex ester this should be a straight or branched-chain aliphatic acid having from 2 to carbon atoms inclusive.
  • glycol and polyhydric alcohol esters of monocarboxylic acids which may be employed are:
  • the antioxidants, additive (a) consist as already indicated of organic compounds having antioxidant properties at elevated temperatures and containing the group C-S-C- or --CSeC.-. Whilst a wide variety of compounds of this general type, e.g. the aliphatic sulphides, have certain antioxidant properties at elevated temperatures, many compounds have serious limitations at really high temperatures, e.g. of theorder of C., such as are encountered in the lubrication of gas turbine engines.-
  • the preferred antioxidants which are efiective to a greater or less degree at high temperatures are of three different types:
  • the dibenzothiazines are preferably dibenzo 1,4 thiazines.
  • the benzo radicals may contain further substituents e.g. alkyl or aryl groups, or halogens.
  • the selenium analogues of these compounds may also be employed i.e. dibenzoselenazines.
  • the antioxidants employed in the present invention should have a decomposition temperature of at least 200 C. and have adequate solubility in the esters in which they are to be dissolved.
  • the compounds selected should not boil or decompose below 200 C., and preferably not below 300 C.
  • the major proportion of the lubricating composition of the present invention consists of the esters hereinbeforedescribed.
  • the antioxidants may be employed in proportions ranging from 0.05 percent to 5.0 percent, and preferably from 0.1 percent to 2.0 percent, by weight on the weight of the final composition.
  • the organic hetcrocyclic compounds will be employed in relatively small amounts e.g. from 0.01 percent to 2.0 percent, and
  • the dicarboxylic addition of polymers of esters of acrylic or alkyLsubstituted acrylic acids e.g. polymerised n-butyl or higher esters of methacrylic acid.
  • Compositions of this type can be produced having sufiiciently high viscositics combined with very low pour-points.
  • the polymers are employed in proportions of from 1% to 15% preferably from 5% to by weight on the weight of the final composition;
  • polymers which may be employed are the polymerised n-hexyl, 3:5:5 trimethyl hexyl and lauryl esters of methacrylic acid, and various commercially available materials sold under the trade name Acryloid. It is preferred to use polymers which are not only freely soluble in the diester lubricants but also miscible with mineral oil.
  • polyesters e.g. polypropylene glycol sebacates of varying molecular weights may be used in place of the polymers of esters of acrylic or alkyl-substituted acrylic acids in order to increase the viscosity of the lubricating composition.
  • amines in order to reduce the corrosion of cuprous metals and to impart to the blend increased stability towards oxidation.
  • suitable amines are described in our United acid diesters of the type described are thickened by the Generally these amines will be employed in relatively small amounts, e.g. from 0.01 to 1.0 percent, and preferably from 0.05 to 0.5 percent, by weight on the weight of the final composition.
  • compositions of the present invention In order to enhance the load-carrying capacity of the lubricating compositions of the present invention particularly when such compositions are to be used for gas I turbine lubrication there may be added to the compositions a proportion of one or more load-carrying additives.
  • load-carrying additives there may be included in the composition a proportion of the neutral organic phosphate or phosphite esters disclosed in our United States patent application No. 483,824, now U.S..Patent No. 2,820,766.
  • Examples of such compounds include Tri(n-butyl) phosphate Tri(2-ethyl hexyl) phosphate Tri-o-tolyl phosphate Tri-rn-tolyl phosphate Tri(p-tertiary amyl phenyl) phosphate- Tri(methyl cyclohexyl) phosphate Tri(n-butyl phosphite) T ri phenyl phosphite Tritolyl phosphitc Tri cyclohexyl phosphite Di 3-carbomethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) thioether ditolyl phosphite
  • the phosphate ester may be employed in an amount of from 0.5 percent to 10 percent, preferably from 1.0 percent to 5.0 percent, by weight on the weight of the final composition and the phosphite ester may be employed in an amount of from 0.1 percent to 5 .0 percent, preferably from 0.25 percent to 2.0 percent, by weight on the weight of
  • rust inhibitors such as very small amounts of metal petroleum sulphonates, or other known compounds capable of inhibiting rust formation in the presence of water.
  • compositions which may be employed in accordance with the present invention are exemplified in the tables of test results which follow.
  • test-tubes which were partially filled with the oil under test, the copper strip being completely immersed.
  • the test-tube was placed in a beaker of oil and heated in an oven.
  • Antioxidants of the dibenzothiazine type such as phenothiazine, possessed greater thermal stability than the di- (hydroxyaryl) thioethers and prqducedf no more than light staining of the copper under the foregoing test con ditions, even at 250' C. (6 hours).
  • Table III Test N 0. Composition or blend Inhibitor Appearance of copper strip omp ex er 13 3% Polynonyl methacrylat None sgg ggggg sg at and 0.5% Phenothiazino (techn 14 omp ex Benzimidazole (0 2 Smooth peacock above oil 37 Pciynonyl methacrylate.
  • the complex ester was of the type obtained by esterifying a dicarboxylic acid (2 mols) with a branched-chain aliphatic alcohol (2 mols) and a glycol (1 mol), and was a material known as ,Paraplex AP-52 (Paraplex is ,a. registered trademark).
  • "ONS .repre- Mineral oil A was a solvent-refined mineral oil of viscosity about 65 seconds Redwood I at F.
  • Tests Nos. 18 and 21 demonstrate the very high acidities developed by uninhibited dicsters and blends based on them, with consequent severe corrosion of the cadmiumplated steel specimens.
  • Tests Nos. 19, 22 and 24 show how acidity rise and attack of cadmium-plated steel can be effectively controlled by the presence of antioxidants of the types described, although this is accompanied by an undesirable attack on the copper specimens and catalysts which is particularly severe with phenothiazine.
  • Tests Nos. 20, 23 and 25 show that, by the inclusion in the blends of the inhibitors of the present invention, this attack of copper can be reduced to negligible proportions.
  • a lubricating composition consisting essentially of a substantially neutral saturated organic carboxylic acid ester having a viscosity index of at least 100, a pour point not exceeding F., a boiling temperature not less than 600 F., and a flash point not less than 350 F., the said ester being selected from the group consisting of an ester having the general formula COO R1 GOOR:
  • R is a radical selected from the group consisting of saturated aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms
  • R and R are radicals selected from the group consistingv of branched-chain alkyl and alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl radicals having at least four carbon atoms, and an ester having the general formula icals having at least 4 carbon atoms
  • R is selected from the group consisting of saturated hydrocarbon radicals and polyglycol radicals having not more than 12 carbon atoms; from 0.05 to 5.0% by weight on the weight of the final composition of a compoundselected from the group consisting of di(hydroxy aryl) thioethers and dibenzothiazines having good antioxidant properties at elevated temperatures; and from 0.01 to 2.0% by weight on the weight 'of the final composition of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of imidazole, benzimidazole, pyrazole, benzotriazole and indazole and
  • ester is a compound selected from the group consisting of di(3-methyl butyl) azelate, di(2-ethyl hexyl) azelate, di(2-ethyl hexyl) sebacate, di(3:5:5-trimethylhexyl) sebacate, di(3:5:5 trimethylhexyl) azelate, di- (1-methyl-4-ethyl octyl) sebacate and 2-ethyl hexyl 3:5:5 trimethylhexyl sebacate.
  • a lubricating composition consisting essentially of a neutral ester having the formula cooni COOR:
  • R is a radical selected from the group consisting of saturated aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms
  • R and R are radicals selected from the group consisting of branched-chain alkyl and alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl radicals having at least four carbon atoms, from 0.1 to 2.0 percent by weight on the weight of the final composition of a dibenzothiazine having good antioxidant properties at elevated temperatures, and from 0.05 to 0.5 percent by weight on the weight of the final composition of at 5 least one compound selected from the group consisting of imidazole, benzimidazole, pyrazole, benzotriazole and indazole and methyl derivatives of any of the fore going wherein said methyl groups are substituents of the carbon atoms of the ring.
  • a lubricating composition consisting essentially of a neutral ester havingthe formula COOR! ⁇ COORI wherein R is a radical selected from the group consisting of saturated aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and R and R are radicals selected from the group consisting of branched-chain alkyl and alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl radicals having at least four carbon atoms, from 0.1 to 2.0 percent by weight on the weight of the final composition of a di(hydroxyaryl)thioether, and from 0.05 to 0.5 percent by weight on the weight of the final composition of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of imidazole, benzimidazole, pyrazole, benzotriazole and indazole and methyl derivatives of any of the foregoing wherein said methyl groups are substituents of the carbon atoms of the ring.
  • a lubricating composition consisting essentially of a neutral ester having the formula wherein R is a radical selected from the group consisting of saturated aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and R and R are radicals selected from the group consisting of branched-chain alkyl and alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl radicals having at least four carbon atoms, from 0.1 to 2.0 percent by weight on the weight of the final com position'of phenothiazine, and from 0.05 to 0.5 percent by weight on the weight of the final composition of benv zotriazole.
  • a lubricating composition consisting essentially ofat least one ester selected from the group consisting of di(2-ethyl hexyl) sebacate and di(3:5:5 trimethylhexyl) sebacate, from 0.1 to 2.0 percent by weight of phenothiazine and from 0.05 to 0.5 percent by weight of benzotriazole.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
US658519A 1956-05-14 1957-05-13 Lubricating oil compositions Expired - Lifetime US2971912A (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3148147A (en) * 1961-01-31 1964-09-08 Eastman Kodak Co 2, 2-dialkyl-1, 3-propanediol diesters as functional fluids
US3218256A (en) * 1959-01-14 1965-11-16 Castrol Ltd Lubricating compositions
US3255110A (en) * 1962-07-30 1966-06-07 Chevron Res Lubricating composition
US3344068A (en) * 1964-03-11 1967-09-26 Shell Oil Co Ester base lubricants
US3696851A (en) * 1964-02-11 1972-10-10 Geigy Chem Corp Chemical compounds and compositions
DE2429512A1 (de) * 1974-06-20 1976-01-08 Rhein Chemie Rheinau Gmbh Korrosionsinhibierung
EP0978554A2 (en) * 1998-08-04 2000-02-09 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Turbine and R&O oils containing neutral rust inhibitors
US6046144A (en) * 1997-06-02 2000-04-04 R.T. Vanderbilt Co., Inc. Combination of phosphate based additives and sulfonate salts for hydraulic fluids and lubricating compositions

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE759166A (fr) * 1969-06-25 1971-05-19 Exxon Research Engineering Co Composition d'huile lubrifiante
TWI757376B (zh) 2016-12-09 2022-03-11 美商藝康美國公司 頂壓回收渦輪沉積控制

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1805953A (en) * 1928-08-17 1931-05-19 Harold A Morton Mineral oil and anti-oxidant agent and process
US2370552A (en) * 1941-03-20 1945-02-27 Continental Oil Co Method of inhibiting deterioration of organic compounds
US2508617A (en) * 1947-04-02 1950-05-23 Cities Service Oil Co Colored lubricating oil
US2618608A (en) * 1952-09-12 1952-11-18 Procter & Gamble Detergent compositions containing metal discoloration inhibitors
US2642396A (en) * 1952-05-01 1953-06-16 Texas Co Hydrocarbon oil containing a mercaptobenzimidazole
GB711211A (en) * 1950-08-24 1954-06-30 Standard Oil Dev Co Improved lubricant blend
US2692191A (en) * 1952-06-24 1954-10-19 Texas Co Unsaturated mineral oil distillate containing a mercaptobenzimidazole and an arylidene amine
US2754216A (en) * 1953-03-11 1956-07-10 Universal Oil Prod Co Metal deactivator

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2618606A (en) * 1949-02-04 1952-11-18 Procter & Gamble Detergent compositions containing metal discoloration inhibitors
GB700804A (en) * 1949-06-18 1953-12-09 California Research Corp Lubricating oil compositions
US2722518A (en) * 1952-06-27 1955-11-01 Shell Dev Synthetic lubricants
FR1112197A (fr) * 1953-09-17 1956-03-09 Wakefield & Co Ltd C C Perfectionnements aux compositions lubrifiantes

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1805953A (en) * 1928-08-17 1931-05-19 Harold A Morton Mineral oil and anti-oxidant agent and process
US2370552A (en) * 1941-03-20 1945-02-27 Continental Oil Co Method of inhibiting deterioration of organic compounds
US2508617A (en) * 1947-04-02 1950-05-23 Cities Service Oil Co Colored lubricating oil
GB711211A (en) * 1950-08-24 1954-06-30 Standard Oil Dev Co Improved lubricant blend
US2642396A (en) * 1952-05-01 1953-06-16 Texas Co Hydrocarbon oil containing a mercaptobenzimidazole
US2692191A (en) * 1952-06-24 1954-10-19 Texas Co Unsaturated mineral oil distillate containing a mercaptobenzimidazole and an arylidene amine
US2618608A (en) * 1952-09-12 1952-11-18 Procter & Gamble Detergent compositions containing metal discoloration inhibitors
US2754216A (en) * 1953-03-11 1956-07-10 Universal Oil Prod Co Metal deactivator

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3218256A (en) * 1959-01-14 1965-11-16 Castrol Ltd Lubricating compositions
US3148147A (en) * 1961-01-31 1964-09-08 Eastman Kodak Co 2, 2-dialkyl-1, 3-propanediol diesters as functional fluids
US3255110A (en) * 1962-07-30 1966-06-07 Chevron Res Lubricating composition
US3696851A (en) * 1964-02-11 1972-10-10 Geigy Chem Corp Chemical compounds and compositions
US3344068A (en) * 1964-03-11 1967-09-26 Shell Oil Co Ester base lubricants
DE2429512A1 (de) * 1974-06-20 1976-01-08 Rhein Chemie Rheinau Gmbh Korrosionsinhibierung
US6046144A (en) * 1997-06-02 2000-04-04 R.T. Vanderbilt Co., Inc. Combination of phosphate based additives and sulfonate salts for hydraulic fluids and lubricating compositions
EP0978554A2 (en) * 1998-08-04 2000-02-09 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Turbine and R&O oils containing neutral rust inhibitors
EP0978554A3 (en) * 1998-08-04 2000-03-08 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Turbine and R&O oils containing neutral rust inhibitors

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NL217260A (pt)
BE557513A (pt)
DE1063739B (de) 1959-08-20
FR1175008A (fr) 1959-03-19
GB824114A (en) 1959-11-25

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