US2927505A - Microtome - Google Patents

Microtome Download PDF

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Publication number
US2927505A
US2927505A US54144255A US2927505A US 2927505 A US2927505 A US 2927505A US 54144255 A US54144255 A US 54144255A US 2927505 A US2927505 A US 2927505A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
work
piece
cutting edge
preparation
blade
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
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English (en)
Inventor
Haanstra Hendrik Bouke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
Original Assignee
US Philips Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2927505A publication Critical patent/US2927505A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
    • G01N1/06—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting providing a thin slice, e.g. microtome
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
    • G01N1/06—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting providing a thin slice, e.g. microtome
    • G01N2001/065—Drive details
    • G01N2001/066—Drive details electric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/202—With product handling means
    • Y10T83/2092—Means to move, guide, or permit free fall or flight of product
    • Y10T83/2096—Means to move product out of contact with tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/283—With means to control or modify temperature of apparatus or work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/647—With means to convey work relative to tool station
    • Y10T83/654—With work-constraining means on work conveyor [i.e., "work-carrier"]
    • Y10T83/6545—With means to guide work-carrier in nonrectilinear path

Definitions

  • the cutting tool is called, more particularly if it is necessary to manufacture a number of sections each having a thickness of, say, 100 Angstrom units.
  • the microtome according to the invention can satisfy more particularly suitable for manufacturing sections hav ina thickness smaller than l micron and comprising a blade, which is immobile during operation, and a preparation holder is characterized in that the preparation holder can perform an oscillating movement such that the preparation is moved at right angles to the direction of length of the cutting edge of the blade and also performs a conat the beginning of each cutting stroke.
  • the microtome according to the invention permits the continuous manufacture of sections having a thickness of about 100 Angstrom and even thinner, all sections being of uniform thickness within narrow limits.
  • the heating leading to the expansion of the holder or the stationary lbody is effected by means of an inductance coil surrounding a part of the holder or of the stationary body and which is periodically traversed by current, the
  • the heating might be effected by means of a biiilarly found coil continuously traversed by current, while the above-mentioned requirements.
  • the oscillating movement of the holder is achieved by magnetic .means, so that mechanical constructions of any kind are avoided.
  • the holder comprises a permanent magnet which cooperates with a fixed inductance coil in such manner that the cutting movement of the holder is effected both due to gravity and by the action of the blade spring whereas the return movements of the holder is effected by energisation of the coil, the permanent magnet being pushed out of the coil, so that likewise in this case any mechanical construction is avoided.
  • a buffer which is active in both directions is provided between the oscillaing holder and the frame of the microtome.
  • the thickness of the sections may be controlled in different ways and is preferably effected, in accordance Iwith one embodiment of the invention, by controlling the duration of the perods during which current is supplied to the inductance coil.v
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the microtome shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows a graph of the relationship between the number of cutting strokes and the forward movement l of the preparation.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the preparation
  • Fig. 5 shows a graph of the relationship between the increase in temperature of the holder or the body and the ⁇ increase in length thereof.
  • reference numeral 1 indicates a container, to which a blade 2 is secured in an inclined position in such manner that the blade, which may be, for
  • a safety razor blade slightly projects from the edge of the container.
  • the container 1 during operation yis filled with a liquid as diluted alcohol.
  • the container 1 is mounted on a compound support constituted by va transverse slide 3 and a longitudinal slide 4, which can be moved by screw spindles 5 and 6, respectively, for ad justing the position of the blade. After adjustment, the
  • a body 11 is rigidly secured in a carrier 9 and in turn has rigidly secured to it a body 10 made of nickel iron or another metal having negative magneto-striction, which is to be understood to mean that a reduction in length occurs when the metal is placed l in a magnetic field, which reduction inl length is completely eliminated when the magnetic fieldyis suppressed and which phenomenon is exactly reproducible.
  • the body 10 exhibits a groove 10a and the resulting limbs 12 are surround by windings 13.
  • the windings 13 are led to the exterior by means of two wires 14 and 15, which are connected to a source of supply.
  • the body 10 comprises, at
  • a ,broad short blade spring 16 which is rigidly secured therein.
  • One extremity of a preparation holder 17 is likewise rigidly connected to the blade spring 16, its other extremity carrying the preparation 18 to be cut, which is secured to the preparation holderin microtome 3 a suitable manner.
  • a permanent magnet 19 is secured to the preparation holder 17, while a piston rod 20 of a liquid buffer 21 is also connected to the preparation holder.
  • the assembly is mounted on a heavy base plate 22, which carries in addition an inductance coil 23, the wire ends 24 and 25 of which are also led to the exterior.
  • the cylinder of the liquid buffer 21 is also secured on the base plate 22.
  • the described device operates as follows:
  • a direct-current source is connected to the wires 14, 15 and the wires 24, 25 with the interposition of rotary switches in such manner that both the coil 12 and the coil 23 are periodically traversed by current, but the coil 23 each time receives current a little later than the coil 12 and the current traversing the coil 12 is also interrupted a litt-le later than the current traversing the coil 23.
  • the blade 2 is adjusted with the aid of the screw spindles and 6 of the compound support in such manner that the preparation 18 just passes along the cutting edge of the blade when the preparation holder 17 is moved up and down.
  • the passage of current through the coil 12 and hence the shortening of the body 10 lasts at least till the preparation holder 17, together with the preparation 18, has arrived again above the blade 2, whereupon the coil 12 becomes currentless.
  • the heat capacity of the body 10 is chosen to be such that the increase in length of the body 10 is continuous and substantially uniform, so that the preparation 18 in the absence of periodic shortening of the body 10 would continuously move towards the blade despite the fact that the current supply does not take place continuously. This is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3, in which the axis of abscissae shows a divisionin Angstrom whereas a number of cornplete strokes, that is one left-to-right and return movement of the preparation holder, is plotted on the axis of ordinates.
  • the preparation moves to the left towards the blade solely by the action of thermal expansion of the body 1l? as indicated by a full line.- After a half stroke has been covered, the preparation would move further along the dotted line, but now the magneto-striction becomes operative, causing sudden retraction of the preparation to the right. This is indicated by a dashed line, since the distance which the preparationl moves to the right bythe action of magneto-striction is actually many times larger than the distance which the preparation has'covered towards the blade as the result of thermal expansion.
  • the last-mentioned distance may be, for example, 50 or 100 Angstrom and the return movement due to magneto-striction may be about 1 micron.
  • the great uniformity 'of the sections' is obtainedv dueto the absence of any centre of 'rotation in the device'proper, so that it is not necessary to make' allowance for any play.
  • the thickness ofV the sections may be regulated' by controlling the current traversing the heating coil, but it is preferable toV control theduration of the passage of current. 1t will be evident that at the moment at which V cutting actuallyl takes place there must be noV passage of current, whereas passage of current is required during the. return movement and certainly when the preparation passes along the blade. With control of theduration, the described.microtome-permits obtaining a. thickness variation of from 50 A. to approximately 30G-400 .5 f.
  • Apparatus for cutting thin sections from a ⁇ workpiece comprising means for supporting, in fixed position, a member having a cutting edge in a given direction relative to the work-piece, a member coupled to said workpiece and consisting of a material which changes in length with temperature and changes in length inresponse to the action of an electrical field, said latter member being at a fixed distance from said cutting edge, means to change the temperature of said latter memberand thereby advance the work-piece toward the cutting'zedge, means to periodically change the length of said latter member in a direction opposite to the change in length brought about by the change in temperature thereof, said latter means including electrical field-producing means positioned to coact with said member causing said member to change in length in response to said field, in a direction opposite to that resulting from the temperature change and means to periodically energize said electrical contractsin response to the action of an' electrical field, means to heat said latter member and thereby advance the work-piece toward the-cutting edge, means to periodcally contract said latter member, said latter means including electrical field-producing
  • Apparatus for cutting thin sections from a work- -piece comprising means for supporting, in fixed position, a member having a cutting edge in a givenl direction rela'- tive to the work-piece, a member at a fixed distance-from ⁇ said cutting edge coupled to said work-piece and consist- ,ing of a material which elongates upon heating and contracts in response to the action of a magnetic field, means to heat said latter member and thereby advance the workpiece in said given direction toward the cutting edge, means to periodically contract said latter member, said llatter means including magnetic field-producing means which produces a magnetostrictive effect in said member thereby causing said member to contract, means to periodically energize said magnetic field-producing means to thereby alternately advance and retract said work-piece relative to said cutting edge, and means to move said work-piece and said cutting edge relative to one another ⁇ iu a direction parallel to said given direction when said work-piece advances to the position of said cutting edge to thereby slice through said work-piece, each successive advance of said work-piece
  • Apparatus for cutting thin sections from a workpiece comprising means for supporting, in fixed position, a member having a cutting edge in a given direction relative to the work-piece, a member at a fixed distance from said cutting edge coupled to said work-piece and consistying of a material which elongates upon heating and contracts in response to the action of an electrostatic field, means to heat said latter member and thereby advance the work-piece in said given direction toward the cutting edge, means to periodically contract said latter member,
  • field-producing means to thereby alternately advance and retract said work-piece relative to said cutting" edge, and means'vl to move said work-piece and said cutting edge relative to one another in a direction parallel to said given direction when said work-piece advances to the position of said cutting edge to thereby slice through said workpiece, each successive advance of the work-piece being slightly greater than the preceding retraction thereby continuously advancing the work-piece relative to the cutting edge.
  • Apparatus for cutting thin sections from a workpiece comprising means for supporting, in fixed position, a member having a cutting edge in a given direction relative to the work-piece, a member at a fixed distance from said cutting edge coupled to said work-piece and con- Sting of a material which elongates upon heating and said latter means including electrostatic field-producing means which produces an electrostrictive effect in said member causing said member to contract, means to periodically energize said electrostatic field-producing means to thereby alternately advance and retract said work-piece relative to said cutting edge, and means to move said work-piece and said cutting edge relative to one another in a direction parallel to said given direction when said work-piece advances to the position of said cutting edge to thereby slice through said work-piece, l
  • each successive advance of said work-piece being slightly greater than the preceding retraction thereby continuously advancing the work-piece relative to the cutting edge.
  • Apparatus for cutting thin sections from a workpiece comprising means for supporting in fixed position, a member having a cutting edge in a given direction relative to the work-piece, supporting means for said workpiece, a member at a fixed distance from said cutting edge coupled to said work-piece supporting means and consisting of a material which elongates upon heating and contracts in response to the action of a magnetic field, means to heat said latter member and thereby advance the work-piece toward the cutting edge, means to periodically contract said latter member, said latter means including magnetic field-producing means which produces a magnetostrietive effect in said member causing said near-,eee
  • Apparatus for cutting thin sections from a workpiece comprising means for supporting in fixed position, a member having a cutting edge in a given direction relative to the work-piece, supporting means for said workpiece including a holder for said work-piece, a member consisting of a material which elongates upon heating and contracts in response to the action of a magneticeld,

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
US54144255 1954-10-28 1955-10-19 Microtome Expired - Lifetime US2927505A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL338033X 1954-10-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2927505A true US2927505A (en) 1960-03-08

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ID=19784604

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US54144255 Expired - Lifetime US2927505A (en) 1954-10-28 1955-10-19 Microtome

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2927505A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH338033A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1039254B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1144183A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB791042A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL87762C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3077806A (en) * 1958-09-10 1963-02-19 Lkb Produkter Fabriksaktiebola Ultramicrotome with return stroke motion separating means
US3603189A (en) * 1968-05-17 1971-09-07 Zeiss Stiftung Microtome with electrical drive
US3613492A (en) * 1968-07-02 1971-10-19 Lkb Produkter Ab Microtome
US4126069A (en) * 1976-12-13 1978-11-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Akashi Seisakusho Microtome
EP1023581B1 (de) * 1997-10-13 2005-08-31 Microm International GmbH Mikrotom mit messerhalter und messer

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1244515B (de) * 1960-06-09 1967-07-13 C E Johanssoni Forster Messaut Einrichtung zur reproduzierbaren Erzeugung kleiner vorgebbarer Verschiebungen insbesondere an Mess- und Werkzeugmaschinen
DE3404098C1 (de) * 1984-02-07 1990-02-15 Parke, Davis & Co., Morris Plains, N.J. Mikrotom mit einer Objektrueckzugeinrichtung
DE102008016165B4 (de) * 2008-03-28 2010-10-14 Leica Biosystems Nussloch Gmbh Mikrotom mit variablem Schneidehub unter Verwendung eines Linearmotors als Antrieb

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189908258A (en) * 1899-04-19 1899-10-28 Horace Darwin Improvements in Microtomes.
US2325238A (en) * 1941-04-17 1943-07-27 Bausch & Lomb Microscope
US2363409A (en) * 1942-06-11 1944-11-21 Bausch & Lomb Fine adjustment mechanism
US2506141A (en) * 1947-08-14 1950-05-02 Drouin Pierre Andre Uniform microdisplacement device, particularly for gratings scriber
US2651236A (en) * 1951-08-08 1953-09-08 Kahler Herbert Microtome specimen holder
GB732217A (en) * 1952-11-06 1955-06-22 Lkb Produkter Fabriksaktiebola Microtome
AT182539B (de) * 1954-06-01 1955-07-11 Hellmuth Sitte Ultramikrotom
US2739507A (en) * 1951-11-01 1956-03-27 Battelle Development Corp Microtome
US2753761A (en) * 1952-09-30 1956-07-10 Rca Corp Microtomes

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE941231C (de) * 1954-03-07 1956-04-05 Phil Max Wolff Dr Med Dr Verfahren zur Herstellung duenner Schnitte mittels eines Mikrotoms

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189908258A (en) * 1899-04-19 1899-10-28 Horace Darwin Improvements in Microtomes.
US2325238A (en) * 1941-04-17 1943-07-27 Bausch & Lomb Microscope
US2363409A (en) * 1942-06-11 1944-11-21 Bausch & Lomb Fine adjustment mechanism
US2506141A (en) * 1947-08-14 1950-05-02 Drouin Pierre Andre Uniform microdisplacement device, particularly for gratings scriber
US2651236A (en) * 1951-08-08 1953-09-08 Kahler Herbert Microtome specimen holder
US2739507A (en) * 1951-11-01 1956-03-27 Battelle Development Corp Microtome
US2753761A (en) * 1952-09-30 1956-07-10 Rca Corp Microtomes
GB732217A (en) * 1952-11-06 1955-06-22 Lkb Produkter Fabriksaktiebola Microtome
AT182539B (de) * 1954-06-01 1955-07-11 Hellmuth Sitte Ultramikrotom

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3077806A (en) * 1958-09-10 1963-02-19 Lkb Produkter Fabriksaktiebola Ultramicrotome with return stroke motion separating means
US3603189A (en) * 1968-05-17 1971-09-07 Zeiss Stiftung Microtome with electrical drive
US3613492A (en) * 1968-07-02 1971-10-19 Lkb Produkter Ab Microtome
US4126069A (en) * 1976-12-13 1978-11-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Akashi Seisakusho Microtome
EP1023581B1 (de) * 1997-10-13 2005-08-31 Microm International GmbH Mikrotom mit messerhalter und messer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL87762C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1900-01-01
DE1039254B (de) 1958-09-18
FR1144183A (fr) 1957-10-10
GB791042A (en) 1958-02-19
CH338033A (de) 1959-04-30

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