US2920005A - Electrical resistors - Google Patents
Electrical resistors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2920005A US2920005A US625811A US62581156A US2920005A US 2920005 A US2920005 A US 2920005A US 625811 A US625811 A US 625811A US 62581156 A US62581156 A US 62581156A US 2920005 A US2920005 A US 2920005A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- antimony
- coating
- oxide
- tin
- resistor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony pentoxide Chemical compound O=[Sb](=O)O[Sb](=O)=O LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910011255 B2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012799 electrically-conductive coating Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000004127 vitreous body Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 150000001463 antimony compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 9
- FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)Cl FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical class [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940058905 antimony compound for treatment of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- MOWNZPNSYMGTMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidoboron Chemical class O=[B] MOWNZPNSYMGTMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HOPSCVCBEOCPJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carboxymethyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O HOPSCVCBEOCPJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 tin halide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KHMOASUYFVRATF-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);tetrachloride;pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl KHMOASUYFVRATF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
- C03C17/23—Oxides
- C03C17/25—Oxides by deposition from the liquid phase
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/08—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/21—Oxides
- C03C2217/23—Mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/11—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/11—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions
- C03C2218/112—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions by spraying
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Non-Adjustable Resistors (AREA)
- Apparatuses And Processes For Manufacturing Resistors (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB35435/55A GB803885A (en) | 1955-12-09 | 1955-12-09 | Improvements in or relating to electrical resistors |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2920005A true US2920005A (en) | 1960-01-05 |
Family
ID=10377687
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US625811A Expired - Lifetime US2920005A (en) | 1955-12-09 | 1956-12-03 | Electrical resistors |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2920005A (de) |
DE (1) | DE1067510B (de) |
FR (1) | FR1179987A (de) |
GB (1) | GB803885A (de) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3036018A (en) * | 1958-05-05 | 1962-05-22 | Renault | Refractory, dielectric, semi-conducting material, and method of preparing same |
US3044901A (en) * | 1958-10-27 | 1962-07-17 | Welwyn Electric Ltd | Process for the production of electrical resistors and resulting article |
US3669907A (en) * | 1966-12-07 | 1972-06-13 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Semiconductive elements |
JPS4929841A (de) * | 1972-07-14 | 1974-03-16 | ||
JPS4929839A (de) * | 1972-07-14 | 1974-03-16 | ||
US4595822A (en) * | 1983-06-14 | 1986-06-17 | Kyocera Corporation | Thermal head and producing process thereof |
US4701769A (en) * | 1984-08-17 | 1987-10-20 | Kyocera Corporation | Thermal head and method for fabrication thereof |
US4992772A (en) * | 1988-03-14 | 1991-02-12 | Taiyo Yuden Co., Ltd. | Metal oxide film resistor |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2118795A (en) * | 1931-09-21 | 1938-05-24 | Corning Glass Works | Insulator |
US2440691A (en) * | 1945-03-07 | 1948-05-04 | Continental Carbon Inc | Alloy metal film resistor |
US2564706A (en) * | 1946-05-02 | 1951-08-21 | Corning Glass Works | Coated resistance |
US2564677A (en) * | 1947-09-15 | 1951-08-21 | Corning Glass Works | Electrically conducting coating on glass and other ceramic bodies |
US2564707A (en) * | 1947-09-03 | 1951-08-21 | Corning Glass Works | Electrically conducting coatings on glass and other ceramic bodies |
US2617741A (en) * | 1951-12-19 | 1952-11-11 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Electroconductive article and production thereof |
US2624823A (en) * | 1949-06-23 | 1953-01-06 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Electroconductive article |
US2671735A (en) * | 1950-07-07 | 1954-03-09 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electrical resistors and methods of making them |
US2717946A (en) * | 1950-10-14 | 1955-09-13 | Sprague Electric Co | Electrical resistance elements |
US2720471A (en) * | 1952-03-12 | 1955-10-11 | Suchet Jacques | High temperature coefficient resistances, compositions and resistance formed therefrom having a silicate or borosilicate coating thereon |
US2818354A (en) * | 1954-12-17 | 1957-12-31 | Pritikin | Electrical resistor and method of making same |
-
1955
- 1955-12-09 GB GB35435/55A patent/GB803885A/en not_active Expired
-
1956
- 1956-12-03 US US625811A patent/US2920005A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1956-12-06 DE DEW20239A patent/DE1067510B/de active Pending
- 1956-12-08 FR FR1179987D patent/FR1179987A/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2118795A (en) * | 1931-09-21 | 1938-05-24 | Corning Glass Works | Insulator |
US2440691A (en) * | 1945-03-07 | 1948-05-04 | Continental Carbon Inc | Alloy metal film resistor |
US2564706A (en) * | 1946-05-02 | 1951-08-21 | Corning Glass Works | Coated resistance |
US2564707A (en) * | 1947-09-03 | 1951-08-21 | Corning Glass Works | Electrically conducting coatings on glass and other ceramic bodies |
US2564677A (en) * | 1947-09-15 | 1951-08-21 | Corning Glass Works | Electrically conducting coating on glass and other ceramic bodies |
US2624823A (en) * | 1949-06-23 | 1953-01-06 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Electroconductive article |
US2671735A (en) * | 1950-07-07 | 1954-03-09 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electrical resistors and methods of making them |
US2717946A (en) * | 1950-10-14 | 1955-09-13 | Sprague Electric Co | Electrical resistance elements |
US2617741A (en) * | 1951-12-19 | 1952-11-11 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Electroconductive article and production thereof |
US2720471A (en) * | 1952-03-12 | 1955-10-11 | Suchet Jacques | High temperature coefficient resistances, compositions and resistance formed therefrom having a silicate or borosilicate coating thereon |
US2818354A (en) * | 1954-12-17 | 1957-12-31 | Pritikin | Electrical resistor and method of making same |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3036018A (en) * | 1958-05-05 | 1962-05-22 | Renault | Refractory, dielectric, semi-conducting material, and method of preparing same |
US3044901A (en) * | 1958-10-27 | 1962-07-17 | Welwyn Electric Ltd | Process for the production of electrical resistors and resulting article |
US3669907A (en) * | 1966-12-07 | 1972-06-13 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Semiconductive elements |
JPS4929841A (de) * | 1972-07-14 | 1974-03-16 | ||
JPS4929839A (de) * | 1972-07-14 | 1974-03-16 | ||
US4595822A (en) * | 1983-06-14 | 1986-06-17 | Kyocera Corporation | Thermal head and producing process thereof |
US4701769A (en) * | 1984-08-17 | 1987-10-20 | Kyocera Corporation | Thermal head and method for fabrication thereof |
US4992772A (en) * | 1988-03-14 | 1991-02-12 | Taiyo Yuden Co., Ltd. | Metal oxide film resistor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR1179987A (fr) | 1959-05-29 |
GB803885A (en) | 1958-11-05 |
DE1067510B (de) | 1959-10-22 |
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