US2903874A - Shelters - Google Patents

Shelters Download PDF

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Publication number
US2903874A
US2903874A US545445A US54544555A US2903874A US 2903874 A US2903874 A US 2903874A US 545445 A US545445 A US 545445A US 54544555 A US54544555 A US 54544555A US 2903874 A US2903874 A US 2903874A
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shaft
shelter
cylindrical
segments
segment
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US545445A
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Drager Otto Heinrich
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
    • E04H9/10—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls
    • E04H9/12—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls entirely underneath the level of the ground, e.g. air-raid galleries

Definitions

  • This invention relates to air raid shelters.
  • the invention is directed to the construction of an emergency exit shaft for an underground shelter.
  • an underground shelter which is composed of a number of cylindrical segments joined together.
  • the segments may be made of prestressed concrete.
  • An exit shaft is shown at the end of the shelter.
  • Such a structure has a disadvantage in that ground movement may cause a separation between the shelter and the emergency shaft.
  • the ⁇ object of the instant invention is to provide a cylindrical underground shelter composed of a plurality of segments with an emergency exit shaft which cannot be displaced relative to the shelter.
  • the object is obtained by locating the emergency shaft on top of the shelter, with the wall of the shaft passing through the ceiling portion of the shelter to afford communication with the interior of the shelter.
  • This structure is stable and is easily fabricated.
  • the wall of the shaft may bear on the floor portion of the shelter, or may be otherwise supported from the oor. In any event, a relative displacement between the shelter and shaft is prevented so that no separation can take place.
  • the cylindrical elements forming the shelter adjacent the position of the shaft are each provided with a shoulder or projection on their ceiling sides where contact is made with the wall of the shaft. These shoulders are joined together by a locking ring which can be composed of steel or reinforced concrete. Furthermore, these segments have open ceiling portions through which the wall of the shaft passes, and the edges of the openings form a seat for the shaft. This permits the construction of a simple, tube-like shelter of prestressed concrete.
  • the shaft portion which passes through the ceiling of the shelter is preferably provided with an annular ange which engages the shoulders of the cylindrical elements forming the shelter, this flange extending over the shoulders.
  • the shaft itself is composed of a plurality of cylindrical rings, the lowermost of which is provided with the flange.
  • the cylindrical elements forming the shelter are provided with wings upon which the lowest element of the shaft rests. These Winged elements may be tied together by reinforcing rods which also can function as rungs for climbing out of the shelter. In the shaft, reinforcing rods can be exposed to form ruugs in the shaft.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view through the shelter and shaft
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view on the line 2-2 of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view on the line 3-3 of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional View on the line 4 4 of Figure 3.
  • tubular shelter 1 is composed of a plurality of cylmdrical elements 2, preferably of prestressed concrete.
  • a shaft 3 which may also be formed of a plurality of cylindrical elements.
  • cylindrical elements 4 and 4 adjacent the shaft 3 have crescent-shaped openings in the ceiling thereof. 'Ilhe ends of segment 4 are provided with circular segment wings 5. The lower edge 6 of shaft 3 rests on the top of these wings.
  • the intermediate cylindrical element 4 is likewise provided with a centrally inwardly extending wing 8, which also provides a support for the lower edge 6 of shaft 3.
  • segments 4 On the upper sides of segments 4 are shoulders or projections 4a, and the segment 4 is likewise provided with projections 7. These shoulders are joined together by the locking ring 9 composed of steel or reinforced concrete. Consequently, the segments are connected together so that they cannot be displaced with respect to each other or to the shaft.
  • the lowest cylindrical element 10 of shaft 3 has a circumferential ange 11 which extends over and bears upon the tops of shoulders 4a and 7. This constitutes a further means of holding the cylindrical elements together.
  • Wing elements 5 are connected by reinforcing rods 12 which also form rungs. Similarly, rungs 13 are mounted in shaft 3.
  • the shelter can be easily mass produced inasmuch as it is composed of precast elements 2, 4 and 4.
  • the shaft 3 is composed of cylindrical elements and base element 10.
  • the locking ring 9 serves to connect the elements together on a simple, unobjectionable manner.
  • An underground shelter comprising a horizontally extending housing composed of cylindrical segments each having a floorportion, side wall portions and a ceiling portion, an upwardly extending emergency shaft mounted on said housing intermediate the longitudinal ends of the housing, said shaft having a cylindrical shaft element eX- tending through the ceiling portion of at least one segment and having a circumferential flange bearing upon the top of said housing, and wing walls extending from the side wall portions of said one segment and directly supporting the lower edge of said cylindrical shaft element upon said Hoor portion.
  • An underground shelter as in claim 2 further comprising another cylindrical segment having wing walls for supporting said cylindrical shaft element, and a third cylindrical segment between the other segments and having similar Wing walls centrally thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Description

United States Patent C SHELTERS Otto Heinrich Drager, Lubeck, Germany Application November 7, 1955, Serial No. 545,445 4 Claims. (Cl. 72-1) This invention relates to air raid shelters. In particular, the invention is directed to the construction of an emergency exit shaft for an underground shelter.
In the co-pending application of Drager, Serial No. 514,618, led lune l0, 1955, and now abandoned, for Emergency Exits for Shelters, an underground shelter is disclosed which is composed of a number of cylindrical segments joined together. The segments may be made of prestressed concrete. An exit shaft is shown at the end of the shelter. Such a structure has a disadvantage in that ground movement may cause a separation between the shelter and the emergency shaft.
The `object of the instant invention is to provide a cylindrical underground shelter composed of a plurality of segments with an emergency exit shaft which cannot be displaced relative to the shelter.
In general, the object is obtained by locating the emergency shaft on top of the shelter, with the wall of the shaft passing through the ceiling portion of the shelter to afford communication with the interior of the shelter. This structure is stable and is easily fabricated. The wall of the shaft may bear on the floor portion of the shelter, or may be otherwise supported from the oor. In any event, a relative displacement between the shelter and shaft is prevented so that no separation can take place.
The cylindrical elements forming the shelter adjacent the position of the shaft are each provided with a shoulder or projection on their ceiling sides where contact is made with the wall of the shaft. These shoulders are joined together by a locking ring which can be composed of steel or reinforced concrete. Furthermore, these segments have open ceiling portions through which the wall of the shaft passes, and the edges of the openings form a seat for the shaft. This permits the construction of a simple, tube-like shelter of prestressed concrete.
The shaft portion which passes through the ceiling of the shelter is preferably provided with an annular ange which engages the shoulders of the cylindrical elements forming the shelter, this flange extending over the shoulders. The shaft itself is composed of a plurality of cylindrical rings, the lowermost of which is provided with the flange. In order to further support the shaft, the cylindrical elements forming the shelter are provided with wings upon which the lowest element of the shaft rests. These Winged elements may be tied together by reinforcing rods which also can function as rungs for climbing out of the shelter. In the shaft, reinforcing rods can be exposed to form ruugs in the shaft.
The means by which the objects of the invention are obtained are described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view through the shelter and shaft;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view on the line 2-2 of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view on the line 3-3 of Figure 2; and
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional View on the line 4 4 of Figure 3.
'I 'he tubular shelter 1 is composed of a plurality of cylmdrical elements 2, preferably of prestressed concrete.
Patented Sept. 15, 1959 ice Mounted on shelter 1 and extending through the ceiling thereof is a shaft 3 which may also be formed of a plurality of cylindrical elements.
In the shelter the cylindrical elements 4 and 4 adjacent the shaft 3 have crescent-shaped openings in the ceiling thereof. 'Ilhe ends of segment 4 are provided with circular segment wings 5. The lower edge 6 of shaft 3 rests on the top of these wings. The intermediate cylindrical element 4 is likewise provided with a centrally inwardly extending wing 8, which also provides a support for the lower edge 6 of shaft 3.
On the upper sides of segments 4 are shoulders or projections 4a, and the segment 4 is likewise provided with projections 7. These shoulders are joined together by the locking ring 9 composed of steel or reinforced concrete. Consequently, the segments are connected together so that they cannot be displaced with respect to each other or to the shaft.
The lowest cylindrical element 10 of shaft 3 has a circumferential ange 11 which extends over and bears upon the tops of shoulders 4a and 7. This constitutes a further means of holding the cylindrical elements together.
Wing elements 5 are connected by reinforcing rods 12 which also form rungs. Similarly, rungs 13 are mounted in shaft 3.
The shelter can be easily mass produced inasmuch as it is composed of precast elements 2, 4 and 4. Likewise, the shaft 3 is composed of cylindrical elements and base element 10. The locking ring 9 serves to connect the elements together on a simple, unobjectionable manner.
Having now described the means by which the objects of the invention are obtained, I claim:
l. An underground shelter comprising a horizontally extending housing composed of cylindrical segments each having a floorportion, side wall portions and a ceiling portion, an upwardly extending emergency shaft mounted on said housing intermediate the longitudinal ends of the housing, said shaft having a cylindrical shaft element eX- tending through the ceiling portion of at least one segment and having a circumferential flange bearing upon the top of said housing, and wing walls extending from the side wall portions of said one segment and directly supporting the lower edge of said cylindrical shaft element upon said Hoor portion.
2. An underground shelter as in claim l, said Wing walls extending inwardly from an end of said one segment.
3. An underground shelter as in claim 2, further comprising another cylindrical segment having wing walls for supporting said cylindrical shaft element, and a third cylindrical segment between the other segments and having similar Wing walls centrally thereof.
4. An underground shelter as in claim 3, further comprising a projection on the upper side of each cylindrical segment having wing walls and forming a bearing for the circumferential flange of said cylindrical shaft element, and a locking ring surrounding said projection for joilaling together the cylindrical segments having wing w s.
References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS
US545445A 1955-11-07 1955-11-07 Shelters Expired - Lifetime US2903874A (en)

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US545445A US2903874A (en) 1955-11-07 1955-11-07 Shelters

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3155057A (en) * 1962-05-02 1964-11-03 Raymar Construction Co Inc Secondary escape hatch attachment for underground fallout or blast shelters
US3464374A (en) * 1965-07-08 1969-09-02 Ernst Basler Underground shelter
FR2446367A1 (en) * 1978-11-20 1980-08-08 Gonot Henri Underground shelter for protection against nuclear radiations - built from prefabricated reinforced concrete pipes rapidly available and easily laid

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1873905A (en) * 1929-10-23 1932-08-23 Smith Corp A O Electric welding of pressure vessels
FR741791A (en) * 1933-02-18
GB526019A (en) * 1939-03-06 1940-09-09 Hans Schoszberger Shelter for protection from aircraft bombs
US2392940A (en) * 1943-08-05 1946-01-15 Olevin Adolph Electrical conduit fitting
CH255661A (en) * 1946-12-30 1948-07-15 Kleiner Ernst Recessed shaft with height-adjustable mouthpiece.

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR741791A (en) * 1933-02-18
US1873905A (en) * 1929-10-23 1932-08-23 Smith Corp A O Electric welding of pressure vessels
GB526019A (en) * 1939-03-06 1940-09-09 Hans Schoszberger Shelter for protection from aircraft bombs
US2392940A (en) * 1943-08-05 1946-01-15 Olevin Adolph Electrical conduit fitting
CH255661A (en) * 1946-12-30 1948-07-15 Kleiner Ernst Recessed shaft with height-adjustable mouthpiece.

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3155057A (en) * 1962-05-02 1964-11-03 Raymar Construction Co Inc Secondary escape hatch attachment for underground fallout or blast shelters
US3464374A (en) * 1965-07-08 1969-09-02 Ernst Basler Underground shelter
FR2446367A1 (en) * 1978-11-20 1980-08-08 Gonot Henri Underground shelter for protection against nuclear radiations - built from prefabricated reinforced concrete pipes rapidly available and easily laid

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