US2876379A - Traveling wave tube structure - Google Patents

Traveling wave tube structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US2876379A
US2876379A US583669A US58366956A US2876379A US 2876379 A US2876379 A US 2876379A US 583669 A US583669 A US 583669A US 58366956 A US58366956 A US 58366956A US 2876379 A US2876379 A US 2876379A
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Prior art keywords
helix
rods
sub
tube
envelope
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US583669A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lauer Anton
Bruck Lothar
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Telefunken AG
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Telefunken AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/36—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/38—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field the forward travelling wave being utilised

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the electrode structure for a traveling wave tube having a delay line built up as a helix.
  • the wire helix serving as a delay line
  • the helix line is generally made from a relatively thin wire which does not ensure the necessary stifiness of the helix.
  • Theassembling of .the tube system is hereby doneas is for instance clearly .shown in Fig. 1 of the French patent specification .954,964---in a way that the ceramic rods together with the helix are pushed into a gaged glass tube into which .there are likewise pushed corresponding structural parts of the electron gun as well as the electron catcher of the tube.
  • the helix line together with its supporting means forms a structural part separate from both the electron gun and the electron catcher.
  • this kind of helix support requires a most exactly calibrated glass tube. This will be extremely difiicult if the tube is to be operated with very short waves at which the helix line has a diameter of only a few millimeters. Consequently, even the dimensions of the other parts of the tube, such .as those of the calibrated glass envelope, of the electron gun system, etc., will at the same time decrease.
  • Said well known structure has been put into practice only with traveling wave tubes to be operated with relatively longer waves. Therefore, another method has already been used as for instance shown in the journal Die Telefunken-Rohre, No.
  • a metallic block is used as a delay line, whereby said block does not require any special support- "ingmeans.”
  • said metallic block being provided with longitudinal and transversal slots, quite handy dimensions, so-called spatial harmonics have been used for operating the tube, said spatial harmonics, as well known, occurring with delay lines having a periodical structure.
  • Such a type of tube has for instance been described on the pages 1035 to 1043 of Proc. of the I. R. E., 1951.
  • the invention is hereby based on the well known method of supporting a helix line wherein said helix line is embedded between several rod-like supports of insulating material, such as ceramic, quartz, or glass.
  • said supports of the helix line are, in accordance with the invention, fastened to a part of the electron gun system or of the electron catcher of the tube by soldering or cementing said part which serves as a structural base. That is why the cementing or soldering tothe part, serving as a structural base, can be easily done with such a precision that the helix line will always be properly embedded between the rods. i. e.
  • the electron gun will be located in the position desired, i. e. that the axis of the electron gun coincides with the axis of the helix line. It is recommended to choose the diameter of the helix support rods, in particular when using ceramic material, within the same range as that of the helix diameter, since hereby, on one hand, the necessary rigidness is ensured, and, on the other hand, an almost complete dispersionlessness is obtained, which is most advantageous with respect to the operation of the tube.
  • soldering joint without applying any special measures, in general not recommended to fit the rods into the structural base by means of a snug fit, the latter is applicable without any disadvantage, when cementing.
  • the soldering may for instance be done as a butt soldering. But it is even possible to fasten the ends of the rods in the structural base by means of a solder or a well known cement suitable for the use in a vacuum, i, e., it is not fastened in a snug fit, said rods having diameters somewhat smaller than the diameter of the -aperture or recess within said structural base.
  • German Patent 887,848 it is already known to locate both the electron gun and the delay line within the structure of the tube with respect to one common part, but the therein described well known arrangements have not the essential feature of the invention, viz. the ceramic rods, serving as helix supports, are soldered to a part which serves as mounting base. Contrary to the design according to the invention, with the arrangements in accordance with the German patent specification 887,848, the single structural parts of the tube system do not form a structural unit which can previously be mounted and adjusted outside the vacuum vessel.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic drawing showing a side view of a traveling wave tube according to the present invention, this figure including wave guide means for feeding into and out of the tube a signal to be amplified.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view through the electron gun end and part of the delay line of a practical embodiment of a tube according to the present invention.
  • Figure-.3 is,a sectional View through a jig of thetype used-to assemble part ofthe elements of the embodiment of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view through the electron catcher end and part of the delay linesupportsof a practical embodiment of a tube according tothc present invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram 'of a traveling wave tube according to the invention.
  • the fvacuum vessel of the tube consists of a metal-cup 1 which contains the electron gun, and which is followed by a tubular cylinder 2 of insulatingmaterial, such as glass or ceramic material.
  • a tubular cylinder 2 of insulatingmaterial such as glass or ceramic material.
  • said tubular part 2 is tapered at the end adjacent to the metal cup 1 in order to reduce the lever effect at the joint, i. e. at the glass-tometal seal or" at the estimate-metal seal, when introducing the tube in the amplifier.
  • said tubular part 2 is terminated by means of the electron collector 3.
  • the feeding ofthe radio frequency waves is done by a schematically indicated wave guide 4 which may be connected to the metal cup for instance through springy contacts 5, and which maybe connected to the helix line through a quarter-wave length resonator 6.
  • the coupling oht device 7, 8, 9, which likewise contains a wave guide, is designed in a similar way.
  • the tubular part 2 of the vacuum vessel is surrounded by a metallic screen 10.
  • the bundled guidance of the electron beam along its way through the helix line 11 is done by means of the coaxial magnetic field of a solenoid 12 which, however, may be replaced by'a corresponding arrangementof permanent magnets or. by electrostatic focussing means known per'se.
  • the sun line is embedded between three ceramic rods 13 only two'of which are to be seen in Fig. I.
  • Said ceramic rods 13 am soldered to a metal part arranged within themetal cup 1, said metal part serving as a mounting base, whereas at their other ends they are merely axially guided in the collector 3.
  • the ceramic rods 13 are soldered to the mounting base 15 atjsuch reciprocal distances that the helix line 11 may be with sliding contact introduced between the rods.
  • any damage to thehelix line such as the slightest bending of single windings, is practically prevented.
  • the ceramic rods 13, however, may also be soldered to the mounting base as such reciprocal distances that the diameter of the inscribed circle, resulting fromj such distances, is equal to the diameterof the helix line, so that the ceramic rods are to be slightly bent oil when introducing the helix. In this case, the.
  • the attenuation device 14 consists in a 'spirally shaped graphite strip' to bedeposited onat leastone ofthe rods 13, said strip serving to absorb the waves recurring from the output of the tube to its input.
  • the design of said attenuation arrangement corresponds to that shown in Germany Patent 932,731. Therefrom results a particularly high degree of reflectionlessness with ashort structurallength, which .in practice, es ially with the embodiment of a traveling ,wave tube shown in Fig. 1, isrn ost useful.
  • Thesoldering of the ceramic rods .13 to the mounting base 15 may for instance be done in the following way:
  • the mounting base 15 isas shown in Fig. 3s1id over-a soldering jig, which has a cylindricalyor tube-like projection 42 extending in the direction of the helix axis. Said projection 42 is surrounded by three guiding-rods 43 parallel to the axis, whereby only two of them are to be seen in Fig. 3.
  • a rod-shaped jig 44- having the same directionas the helix line, is introduced in a centrical boring 'of the part 42;
  • the ceramic r0 ds "13 being exactly ground with respect to their diameterfare fittedfin therecesses provided for the soldering joints in the bottom of the mounting base 15, said ceramic rods 13 being at the same time pressed, by means of springy clips 45, against two sections 46 of the rod-shaped'jig 44, having a somewhat greater diameter.
  • the diameter of said sections 46 has hereby been chosen such that the diameter of the inscribed circle between the ceramic rods, resulting from the diameter of said sections 46, is slightly greater than the outer diameter of the helix later on to be embedded between said ceramic rods 13.
  • the upper part 47 ofthe jig is slid over the guiding rods .43, said part 47, by means of guiding borings, preventing ajtwistr ing of the ceramic rod cage from that side, at the same timeslightly pressing the ceramic rods 13 against the mounting base 15.
  • the position of the mounting base is fixed in the place 48 by means of a groove and a tongue.
  • the soldering can be done, e. g. in an inertgas 7 atmosphere, by heating withthe help of an induction loop 49 of a radio frequency soldering device.
  • the parts 44, 47 of the jigas well as the clips 45 are removed, whereafter the ceramic cage together with the mounting base can be used as a structural unit fortheassenibling of the electrode system.
  • Corning baek tojFigl 2 further details of a.tube iuac cordance the invention are shown.
  • the further parts of theelectron gun, su ch as the,cathode.16 and the Wehnelt electrode 17, are, by means of ceramic distance pieces-18 and 19,.introduced 'in the metal part 15 servingas amounting base.
  • the metal part 15 is then closed by a further metal part 20, which in the embodiment is likewise cup-shaped, in a way that by means ofboth the distance, pieces 18, 19 and said part 20, the electrodes 15 and 16 of the electron gun are properly aligned with respect to the accelerating Yanode 15.
  • the difierent electrodes of saidelectron gun are connected, over flexible conductors 21, 22, to the lead-ins 24 arranged in thesinter glass socket 23.
  • Said sinter. glass socket 23 issealed to a .furthermetal cup 1', so that-there is obtained a complete structural unitconsisting of the ceramic rods and the helixlinc -system together, with its coupling devices, and theleleetronjgun contained in the mounting base 15; Sincethehelix linetogether with itscoupling devices 6, 7is already to be embedded between the ceramicfrods and adjusted, before, introducing it in the vacuum vessel,
  • a hat-like metal part 26 which has already been assembled to the structural unit to be introduced in the vacuum vessel.
  • the whole structural unit in the ready-assembled tube is pressed with its shoulder 29 against the bottom 30 of the metal cup 1 by means of a pressure spring 27 which at one of its ends engages the plate-like part 28 arranged within the part 1', and which at its other end engages the bottom of the part 20.
  • the electrical connection of the helix 11 with its coupling devices is, in the embodiment shown, effected such that the free end 33 of the helix line 11 is electrically connected to a tubular metallic projection of the hatlike part 26, for instance by means of spot welding or soldering, and such that said hat-like part 26 is electrically connected to the cup-like metal part 1 of the vacuum envelope, for instance by giving it an elastic property in the respective joining place.
  • a distance plate 31 of insulating material is inserted between the two parts pressed together.
  • the vacuum tight joint between the parts 1 and 1' is usefully done by means of a so-called concentrator soldering 25 with the metal part 1' being so far slid into the metal cup 1 that the pressure spring 27 with a sufiicient strength presses the electron gun against the bottom of the metal cup 1.
  • Any lateral displacement of the electron gun during said process firstly, by making the shoulder 29 of the cup bottom sufiiciently large, and secondly, by providing an axial guidance of the ceramic rods 13 in the hat-like part 26.
  • there is provided an additional ceramic guiding axis 32 which at one of its ends is fixed in the metal cup 20 closing the mounting base 15, and which at its other end is axially guided in the metallic disk 28 of the part 1.
  • the dimensions of the essential structural parts of an embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention i. e. the diameter of the helix line system together with its coupling devices, the diameter of the electron gun, etc., are furthermore usefully to be chosen such that there is a sufliciently great distance between the vacuum envelope and said structural parts, so that merely the central position, within the bottom 30 of the cup, of the before mentioned structural unit, consisting of the electron gun and the helix line system together with its coupling devices, is determined by the hat-like part 26 by means of the guiding borings for the ceramic rods 13. This is obtained by the fact, as is to be seen from Fig.
  • Fig. 4 shows the details of an embodiment for said design according to the invention.
  • the tubular section 2 of the vacuum vessel which may for instance consists of glass, is sealed to a shoulder of a cup-like metal part 34.
  • the three ceramic rods 13 rest in borings provided in the cup-like part, whereby said bor- .ings are to be recognized at the lower end of the drawing.
  • the rods are dimensioned such that they have a certain play in the axial direction of the tube, whereby it is ensured that they cannot hitthe electron catcher 35 itself.
  • the electron catcher 35 itself is pro vided with a tubular cylindrical part 37 made of metal, said part 37 being vacuum tightly sealed to a corresponding cylindrical part 36 of the metal cup 34 by means of a sinter glass seal 38.
  • the tubular inserts 36, 37 are vacuum tightly joined to their respective parts by means of soldering. Since the design of the exhaust tube is made similar to that of well known constructions of traveling wave tubes of this kind, it is not fully shown in Fig.
  • a metal hat 40 to whichthe free end of the helix line not shown in Fig. 4 is to be conductively connected, by spot welding or soldering, similar to the arrangement shown in Fig. 2.
  • the before mentioned embodiment is to illustrate that with the construction of the electrode system according to the invention it is possible to assemble the helix system, including its coupling devices, and the electron gun to be ⁇ come a rigid structural unit by means of a metal-to-ceframic soldering, which can be easily made with high precision, even with verysmall dimensions of the helix line and the-different structural parts. Thereby it is possible to properly align said parts already outside the vacuum vessel, and thereupon to insert them in an exactly prede termined way into said vacuum vessel. Any mechanical stresses inside the vacuum vessel, which may for instance occur with the well known arrangement described in Fig. 1 of the above French patent specification 954,964, are
  • the tube envelope has free space for dilatation in axial direction, independent of both the electron gun and the helix system together with its coupling devices, for the purposes of preventing unde sired mechanical stresses. It is, therefore, useful designing the feeding conductor between the tube socket e.
  • the electrode system according to the invention is extremely advantageous with traveling wave tubes having helix lines of a very small diameter, i. c. with traveling wave tubes to be operated within the range of the shorter cm.-waves.
  • the electrode system according to the invention may also be advantageously used with traveling wave tubes to be operated with somewhat longer waves, since said system, compared to other well known systems for said range, can be manufactured in a considerably simpler and more exact way.
  • A, traveling wave tube comprising a vacuun envelope; anelectroh gun sub-assembly; an electron catcher sub-assembly; a delay line including an elongated helix disp sed, between said sub-assemblies in the assembled traveling wave tube; and a. delay linesupportingcage including a plurality t of rods of insulating material, said rods being disposed parallelto the axis of the lhelix and touching the outerpefriphery thereof; the rods-at oneend ofthe cagebeing all rigidly .fixed sto one of said subassernblies toaxiallyalign the helix therewith, and the other sub-assembly beingrigidly fixed to said.
  • the envelope and having rod tguide meansfor slidably receiving-the rods at ..t bther end of saideageand supporting them transverselyof said axis, theenvelope having abutment centering means for: receivipgsaidone of said subassemblies and forsupporting it in spaced ,axialalign ment withsaid other sub-assembly, closure means for Closing the, envelopeafter insertion of.
  • saidone of said sub-assemblies and 'delaytline in axial alignment with said other sub-assembly means operative between the envelope and sai d on e.of said sub-assemblies for maintaining the latter engaged in said abntrner tv and v centering n eans and said.
  • one sub-assembly being the, electron/gun sembly and comprising -,electron stream vemitting H and latleast one anode electrodebetweensaid emittingmeans and said delay line, said anode electrode senvingas a mounting base to whichsaid rods are directly attached 2.
  • saidanode electrode being, cup-shaped and opening away from said delay line said rods being'attachedtothe outer surface atthe closed endoftheelectrode; insulated-spacers insertable in said cupshaped electrode and shaped; tosupport said electron stream emitting means; and retaining means receivable vvithin said cup-shaped electrode for ,securing said spacers and saidemitting rneans therein.
  • said abutment and centering means being complementary in shape with at least ajportion of said anode electrode, andsaid means operatiye between said envelope and said .pnesub-asserm lyi c mp is n r n m ans-" om r ss d n tsaid anode electrode and 'urging it toward said electron 1 4.1a a tubeas set, forth in; claim, 3, an insulator disposed between said anode electrode andsaid abutment l ii qii l a 5.
  • a traveling, wave tube comprising a vacuum envelope; an electron gun sub-assembly; an electron catcher subi-assemblyra delay line including an. elongated helix disposed between said sub-assemblies in theassembled traveling.
  • a delay line supporting cage including a plurality of rods of insulating material, said rods being disposed parallel to the axis of the helix and touching the outer periphery thereof the rods atone end of the cage being all rigidly fixed to one of said sub.- assemblies to axially align the .-helix;therewith, and the other sub-assembly being rigidly fixed to said envelope and havingrod guide means for slidably receiving the rods at the otherv end of said cage and supporting them transversely of said axis, the envelope having abutment e s atstias mea f rlr s xi s idl w Said ubssi hli l arrant it ce axi l mentiwitlr said other sub-assembly, closure means for closing the envelope after insertion: ofsaid one of said ing the latter engaged in said abutment and centering g5 meang andsaid envelope comprisinga vessel
  • said closure means comprising an annular member of such diameter as to telescope into said open end of the sleeve and be sealed thereto, and said annular member carrying a plurality of connection pins, the latter being connected to the parts of the electron gun by flexible conductors.
  • said means operative between said envelope and said one sub-assembly comprising a spring compressed between the latter and the said annular, member when telescoped into the open end of said sleeve.
  • a traveling wave tube comprising a vacuum envelope; an electron gun sub-assembly; an electron catcher sub-assembly; a delay line including an elongated helix disposed between said sub assemblies in the assembled traveling wave tube; and a delay line supporting cage including a'plurality of rods of insulating material, said rods being disposed parallel to the axis ofthe helix and touching the outer periphery thereof; the rods at one end of the cage being allrigidly fixed toone of said sub-assemblies to axially align the helix therewith, and the, other sub-assembly being rigidly fixed to, said envelope and having rod guide means for slidably receiving the rods at the other end of said cage andsupporting themtransversely of said axis, the envelope having abutmentand centering means-forvreceiving said one of said sub-assemblies and for supporting it inspaced axial alignment, with said other sub-assembly, closure means
  • a traveling wavetube comprising a vacuum envelope; an electron gun sub-assembly; an electron catcher sub-assembly; a delay line including an elongated helix disposed between said subrassemblies in the assembled traveling Wave tube; and a delay line supporting cage including a plurality of rods of insulating material, said rods being disposed parallel to the axis of the helix and touching the outer periphery thereof; the rods at one end of the cage being all rigidly fixed to one ofsaid sub-assemblies to axially align the helix therewith, and the other sub-assembly being rigidly fixed to said envelope and having rod guide means for slidably receiving the rods at the other end of said cage and supporting them transversely of said axis, the envelope having abutment and centering means for receiving said one of said sub-assemblies and forsupporting it inspaced axial alignment'with said-othensub-assembly, closure
  • a traveling wave tube comprising a vacuum envelope; an electron gun sub-assembly; an electron catcher sub-assembly; a delay line including an elongated helix disposed between said sub-assemblies in the assembled traveling Wave tube; and a delay line supporting cage including a plurality of rods of insulating material, said rods being disposed parallel to the axis of the helix and touching the outer periphery thereof; the rods at one end of the cage being all rigidly fixed to one of said subassemblies to axially align the helix therewith, and the other sub-assembly being rigidly fixed to said envelope and having rod guide means for slidably receiving the rods at the other end of said cage and supporting them transversely of said axis, the envelope having abutment and centering means for receiving said one of said subassemblies and for supporting it in spaced axial alignment with said other sub-assembly, closure means for closing the envelope after insertion of said

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US583669A 1955-05-12 1956-05-09 Traveling wave tube structure Expired - Lifetime US2876379A (en)

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DET10921A DE1209662B (de) 1955-05-12 1955-05-12 Konstruktiver Aufbau einer Lauffeldwendelroehre

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US (1) US2876379A (xx)
DE (1) DE1209662B (xx)
FR (1) FR1153479A (xx)
GB (1) GB798622A (xx)
NL (1) NL207090A (xx)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3026445A (en) * 1958-03-18 1962-03-20 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Travelling wave electron discharge tubes
US3095521A (en) * 1958-12-17 1963-06-25 Philips Corp Travelling wave tubes
US3242375A (en) * 1961-06-19 1966-03-22 Litton Prec Products Inc Helix support
CN114487074A (zh) * 2022-01-27 2022-05-13 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 用于分析空间行波管老炼后残余气体的结构及其制备方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2727179A (en) * 1954-04-29 1955-12-13 Sperry Rand Corp Travelling wave tube
US2740068A (en) * 1951-12-28 1956-03-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave electron discharge device
US2765421A (en) * 1952-02-08 1956-10-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge devices

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL86192C (xx) * 1951-10-02
US2790105A (en) * 1951-11-01 1957-04-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tubes

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2740068A (en) * 1951-12-28 1956-03-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave electron discharge device
US2765421A (en) * 1952-02-08 1956-10-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge devices
US2727179A (en) * 1954-04-29 1955-12-13 Sperry Rand Corp Travelling wave tube

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3026445A (en) * 1958-03-18 1962-03-20 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Travelling wave electron discharge tubes
US3095521A (en) * 1958-12-17 1963-06-25 Philips Corp Travelling wave tubes
US3242375A (en) * 1961-06-19 1966-03-22 Litton Prec Products Inc Helix support
CN114487074A (zh) * 2022-01-27 2022-05-13 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 用于分析空间行波管老炼后残余气体的结构及其制备方法
CN114487074B (zh) * 2022-01-27 2023-06-09 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 用于分析空间行波管老炼后残余气体的结构及其制备方法

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FR1153479A (fr) 1958-03-11
DE1209662B (de) 1966-01-27
GB798622A (en) 1958-07-23
NL207090A (xx)

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