US2860970A - Metal alloy - Google Patents
Metal alloy Download PDFInfo
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- US2860970A US2860970A US689476A US68947657A US2860970A US 2860970 A US2860970 A US 2860970A US 689476 A US689476 A US 689476A US 68947657 A US68947657 A US 68947657A US 2860970 A US2860970 A US 2860970A
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- columbium
- chromium
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- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 46
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 46
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/02—Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
Definitions
- This invention relates to a columbium and/or tantalum base metal alloy, and particularly to an alloy that includes alloying metal additives which make the resulting alloy corrosion resistant and of great mechanical work strength at temperatures between 1500 F. and 2000 F.
- alloy of this invention may be hot worked, (2) is highly resistant to oxidation and other forms of corrosion at temperatures up to about 2000 F. and higher, and (3) possesses great mechanical strength at these elevated temperatures.
- this alloy may be used to form blades, vanes, and other parts of high temperature gas turbine engines.
- Other important uses of the alloy of this invention are that it may be used to form exhaust valves and manifolds in internal combustion engines, in heat exchangers, and as linings for retorts and container vessels used in the chemical and metallurgical industries.
- Columbium has a melting point of about 4379 F., and tantalum, a melting point of about 5425? F. At elevated temperatures (i. e., of the order of 2370 F'.) both columbium and tantalum have slightly greater strength properties than molybdenum under the same conditions. Columbium and tantalum do not have th e embrittling characteristics of molybdenum. Unlike molybdenum welds, columbium or tantalum welds are ductile and are not subject to cracking.
- substantially pure columbium or tantalum is, for all practical purposes,- nonutilizable as a material for gas turbine blades, turbine vanes and turbine buckets, rocket nozzles and the like, because at temperatures of the order of 1500 F. and higher and in the presence of flowing air or corrosive gases for an extended period of time, they oxidize rapidly.
- the prior art high temperature, high strength base metal alloys such as the nickel and/ or cobalt base metal alloys which have been used as blades, vanes, and other parts of high temperature gas turbine engines have a maximum operating temperature of about 1500 F.
- a common nickel-cobalt base metal alloy which incorporates molybdenum as a constituentis for all practical purposes non-utilizable as a structural member in a gas turbine engine if the metal temperature is above 1500 F.
- the oxidation resistance of such an alloy fails above 1700" F.
- the metal alloy of this invention is comprised by weight of approximately: 3 to 20 percent of chromium; 2 to 8 percent of aluminum; 3 to 10 percent of vanadium; up to percent'of iron; up to percent of tungsten; and the balance essentially columbium and/or tantalum.
- Patented Nov. 18, 1958 An alloy having the above composition is particularly resistant to oxidation and has high strength at elevated temperatures above 1500 F., so as to be suitable for use in forming liners for retorts and container vessels used in the chemical and metallurgical industries as well as for blades or vanes in high temperature gas turbine engines.
- Preferred proportions by weight of the metals making up the :alloy of this invention are approximately: 15 percent of chromium; 3 to 6 percent of aluminum; 3 to 5 percent of vanadium; up to 1 percent of iron; up to 5 percent of tungsten, and the balance essentially columbium and/ or tantalum.
- the impurities named below be held to the indicated approximate limits by weight.
- the carbon content in the final alloy preferably should be no more than about 0.5 percent by weight.
- the oxygen content should be no more than 0.8 percent, as determined by an increase-on-ignition technique.
- the nitrogen content should be no more than about 0.2 percent.
- the alloy of this invention contains a mixture of columbium and tantalum
- the amount of tantalum in the mixture be from about 3O percent to about percent by Weight of those two metals alone, and the balance of the mixture be essentially columbium to achieve optimum oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures.
- Example 1 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 15 percent of chromium, 3 percent of aluminum, 4 percent of vanadium, and the balance essentially columbium is prepared by arc melting composite consumable electrodes containing columbium and the other constituents in the above named proportions.
- the composite consumable electrodes are prepared by pressing a uniform powder mix of chromium, aluminum, vanadium, and columbium in the above proportions in the form of bars under a pressure of about 50 tons per square inch. The pressed bars are then sintered under a vacuum condition of about lmicron for a period of about 3 hours. The composite electrodes are then are melted in an inert gas atmosphere of helium and argon.
- the are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in moving air at about 2000 F. for twenty-four hours. According to this test, the resistance to oxidation of the alloy is found to be more than 700' times greater than the resistance to oxidation of substantially pure columbium under the same conditions.
- test samples of the alloy are first prepared and the dimensions of such test samples determined.
- the test samples are then subjected to oxidation test conditions.
- the oxide film which forms on the test samples during testing is removed, and the thickness of each vtested sample is then measured and compared with the thickness of the test sample prior to submitting it to the test conditions.
- the same procedure is carried out to determine the oxidation resistance of substantially pure columbium, and a comparison is made between the oxidation resistance of columbium and the alloy being tested.
- Test bars inch diameter and 3 inches long are fabricated from the arc melted ingot of this example by hot working procedure.
- the test bars of .this example have a rupture life in excess of hours under a load of 0 15,000 p. s. i. at a temperature of about 2000 F.-in
- Example 2 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 15 percent of chromium, 3 percent of aluminum, 4 percent of vanadium, and the balance essentially tantalum is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
- the arc melted alloy of this example is-tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with substantially the same test results.
- Example 3 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 15 percent of chromium, 6 percent of aluminum, 5 percent of vanadium, 1 percent of iron, 5 percent of tungsten, and the balance'essentially tantalum is prepared in the same manner as set forth in- Example 1.
- the are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with substantially the same test results.
- Example 4 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight percent of chromium, 6 percent of aluminum, 5 percent of vanadium, 1 percent of iron, 5 percent of tungsten, and the balance essentially columbium is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
- the arc melted alloy of this example is tested foroxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with substantially the same test results.
- Example 5 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 3 percent of chromium, 8 percent of aluminum, 3 percent of vanadium, and the balance essentially tantalum is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
- the are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with test results of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in Example 1.
- Example 7 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight percent of chromium, 2 percent of aluminum, 8 percent of vanadium, and the balance essentially columbium is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
- the arc melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with test results of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in Example 1.
- Example 8 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 20 percent of chromium, 2 percent of aluminum, 8 percent of vanadium, and the balance essentially tantalum is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
- the arc melted alloy of this example is tested-for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with test results of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in Example 1.
- Example 9 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 10 percent of chromium, 8 percent of aluminum, 10 percent of vanadium, and the balance essentially columbium is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
- the arc melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with test results of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in Example 1.
- Example 10 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 10 percent of chromium, 8 percent of aluminum, 10 percent of vanadium, and the balance essentially tantalum is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
- Example 1 The are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture lifein the same manner asset forth in Example 1,. with test results of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in Example 1.
- Example] An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 10 percent of chromium, 3 percent of aluminum, 3 percent of vanadium, 10 percent of tungsten, and the balance essentially columbium is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
- the are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with test results of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in Example 1.
- Example 12 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 10 percent of chromium, 3 percent of aluminum, 3 percent of vanadium, 5 percent of iron, and the balance essentially columbium is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
- the are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with test results of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in Example 1.
- Example 13 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 15 percent of chromium, 6 percent of aluminum, 6 percent of vanadium, 2 percent of iron, 2 percent of tungsten, and the balance essentially columbium is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
- the are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with test results of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in Example 1.
- Example 14 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 15 percent of chromium, 6 percent of aluminum, 6 percent fo vanadium, 2 percent of iron, 2 percent of tungsten, and the balance essentially tantalum is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
- the are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with test results of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in Example 1.
- Example 15 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 15 percent of chromium, 6 percent of aluminum, 5 percent of vanadium, 22.5 percent of tantalum, and the balance essentially columbium is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
- the are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with substantially the same test results.
- Example 16 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 15 percent of chromium, 6 percent of aluminum, 5 percent of vanadium, 3.75 percent fo columbium, and the balance essentially tantalum is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
- the are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with substantially the same test results.
- Example 17 An ingot of an alloyof this invention containing by Weight 15 percent of chromium, 6 percent of aluminum, 5 percent of vanadium, 1 percent of iron, 5 percent of tungsten, 22.5 percent of tantalum, and the balance essentially columbium is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
- the are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with substantially the same test results.
- a metal alloy which comprises, by weight: 3 to 20 percent of chromium; 2 to 8 percent of aluminum; 3 to 10 percent of vanadium; and the balance essentially a metal of the group consisting of tantalum, columbium and mixtures thereof.
- a metal alloy which comprises, by weight: 3 to 20 percent of chromium; 2 to 8 percent of aluminum; 3 to 10 percent of vanadium; and the balance essentially columbium.
- a metal alloy which comprises, by weight: 3 to 20 percent of chromium; 2 to 8 percent of aluminum; 3 to 10 percent of vanadium; and the balance essentially tantalum.
- a metal alloy which comprises, by weight: 3 to 20 percent of chromium; 2 to 8 percent of aluminum; 3 to 10 percent of vanadium; up to 10 percent of tungsten; up to 5 percent of iron; and the balance, essentially a metal of the group consisting of tantalum, columbium, and mixtures thereof.
- a metal alloy which comprises, by weight: 3 to 20 percent of chromium; 2 to 8 percent of aluminum; 3 to 10 percent of vanadium; up to 10 percent of tungsten; up to 5 percent of iron; and the balance, essentially columbium.
- a metal alloy which comprises, by weight: 3 to 20 percent of chromium; 2 to 8 percent of aluminum; 3 to 10 percent of vanadium; up to 10 percent of tungsten; up to 5 percent of iron; and the balance, essentially tantalum.
- a metal alloy which comprises, by weight: 15 percent of chromium; 3 to 6 percent of aluminum; 3 to 5 percent of vanadium; and the balance, essentially a metal of the group consisting of tantalum, columbium, and mixtures thereof.
- a metal alloy which comprises, by weight: 15 percent of chromium; 3 to 6 percent of aluminum; 3 to 5 percent of vanadium; and the balance, essentially columbium.
- a metal alloy which comprises, by weight: 15 percent of chromium; 3 to 6 percent of aluminum; 3 to 5 percent vanadium; and the balance, essentially tantalum.
- a metal alloy which comprises, by Weight: 15 percent of chromium; 3 to 6 percent of aluminum; 3 to 5 percent of vanadium; 1 percent of iron; 5 percent of tungsten; and the balance, essentially a metal of the group consisting of tantalum, columbium, and mixtures thereof.
Description
METAL ALLOY Rudolf H. Thielemanrulalo Alto, Calif., assignor to Sierra Metals Corporation, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application October 11, 1957 i Serial No. 689,476
10 Claims. (Cl. 75-174) This invention relates to a columbium and/or tantalum base metal alloy, and particularly to an alloy that includes alloying metal additives which make the resulting alloy corrosion resistant and of great mechanical work strength at temperatures between 1500 F. and 2000 F.
Important characteristics of the alloy of this invention are that it (1) may be hot worked, (2) is highly resistant to oxidation and other forms of corrosion at temperatures up to about 2000 F. and higher, and (3) possesses great mechanical strength at these elevated temperatures.
As a result, this alloy may be used to form blades, vanes, and other parts of high temperature gas turbine engines. Other important uses of the alloy of this invention are that it may be used to form exhaust valves and manifolds in internal combustion engines, in heat exchangers, and as linings for retorts and container vessels used in the chemical and metallurgical industries.
Columbium has a melting point of about 4379 F., and tantalum, a melting point of about 5425? F. At elevated temperatures (i. e., of the order of 2370 F'.) both columbium and tantalum have slightly greater strength properties than molybdenum under the same conditions. Columbium and tantalum do not have th e embrittling characteristics of molybdenum. Unlike molybdenum welds, columbium or tantalum welds are ductile and are not subject to cracking.
It is important to note that substantially pure columbium or tantalum is, for all practical purposes,- nonutilizable as a material for gas turbine blades, turbine vanes and turbine buckets, rocket nozzles and the like, because at temperatures of the order of 1500 F. and higher and in the presence of flowing air or corrosive gases for an extended period of time, they oxidize rapidly.
The prior art high temperature, high strength base metal alloys such as the nickel and/ or cobalt base metal alloys which have been used as blades, vanes, and other parts of high temperature gas turbine engines have a maximum operating temperature of about 1500 F. For example, a common nickel-cobalt base metal alloy which incorporates molybdenum as a constituentis for all practical purposes non-utilizable as a structural member in a gas turbine engine if the metal temperature is above 1500 F. The oxidation resistance of such an alloy fails above 1700" F. g V Since the'alloy of this invention when used as a blade or vane in a high temperature gas turbine engine can be operated at markedly higher temperatures than was heretofore possible, the performance of the gas turbine engine is improved in that the total thrust is increased and the amount of fuel consumed per pound of thrust is decreased.
The metal alloy of this invention is comprised by weight of approximately: 3 to 20 percent of chromium; 2 to 8 percent of aluminum; 3 to 10 percent of vanadium; up to percent'of iron; up to percent of tungsten; and the balance essentially columbium and/or tantalum.
Patented Nov. 18, 1958 An alloy having the above composition is particularly resistant to oxidation and has high strength at elevated temperatures above 1500 F., so as to be suitable for use in forming liners for retorts and container vessels used in the chemical and metallurgical industries as well as for blades or vanes in high temperature gas turbine engines.
Preferred proportions by weight of the metals making up the :alloy of this invention are approximately: 15 percent of chromium; 3 to 6 percent of aluminum; 3 to 5 percent of vanadium; up to 1 percent of iron; up to 5 percent of tungsten, and the balance essentially columbium and/ or tantalum.
To achieve the optimum desired properties in an alloy of the present invention, it is preferred that the impurities named below be held to the indicated approximate limits by weight. The carbon content in the final alloy preferably should be no more than about 0.5 percent by weight. The oxygen content should be no more than 0.8 percent, as determined by an increase-on-ignition technique. The nitrogen content should be no more than about 0.2 percent.
It is to be noted that when the alloy of this invention contains a mixture of columbium and tantalum, it is preferred that the amount of tantalum in the mixture be from about 3O percent to about percent by Weight of those two metals alone, and the balance of the mixture be essentially columbium to achieve optimum oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures.
Following are examples of the preparation and test results of the columbium and/ or tantalum base metal alloy of this invention:
Example 1 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 15 percent of chromium, 3 percent of aluminum, 4 percent of vanadium, and the balance essentially columbium is prepared by arc melting composite consumable electrodes containing columbium and the other constituents in the above named proportions. The composite consumable electrodes are prepared by pressing a uniform powder mix of chromium, aluminum, vanadium, and columbium in the above proportions in the form of bars under a pressure of about 50 tons per square inch. The pressed bars are then sintered under a vacuum condition of about lmicron for a period of about 3 hours. The composite electrodes are then are melted in an inert gas atmosphere of helium and argon.
The are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in moving air at about 2000 F. for twenty-four hours. According to this test, the resistance to oxidation of the alloy is found to be more than 700' times greater than the resistance to oxidation of substantially pure columbium under the same conditions.
In the test procedure for oxidation resistance, test samples of the alloy are first prepared and the dimensions of such test samples determined. The test samples are then subjected to oxidation test conditions. The oxide film which forms on the test samples during testing is removed, and the thickness of each vtested sample is then measured and compared with the thickness of the test sample prior to submitting it to the test conditions. The same procedure is carried out to determine the oxidation resistance of substantially pure columbium, and a comparison is made between the oxidation resistance of columbium and the alloy being tested.
Test bars inch diameter and 3 inches long) are fabricated from the arc melted ingot of this example by hot working procedure. The test bars of .this example have a rupture life in excess of hours under a load of 0 15,000 p. s. i. at a temperature of about 2000 F.-in
moving air.
Example 2 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 15 percent of chromium, 3 percent of aluminum, 4 percent of vanadium, and the balance essentially tantalum is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
The arc melted alloy of this example is-tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with substantially the same test results.
Example 3 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 15 percent of chromium, 6 percent of aluminum, 5 percent of vanadium, 1 percent of iron, 5 percent of tungsten, and the balance'essentially tantalum is prepared in the same manner as set forth in- Example 1.
The are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with substantially the same test results.
Example 4 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight percent of chromium, 6 percent of aluminum, 5 percent of vanadium, 1 percent of iron, 5 percent of tungsten, and the balance essentially columbium is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
The arc melted alloy of this example is tested foroxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with substantially the same test results.
Example 5 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 3 percent of chromium, 8 percent of aluminum, 3 percent of vanadium, and the balance essentially tantalum is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
The are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with test results of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in Example 1.
Example 7 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight percent of chromium, 2 percent of aluminum, 8 percent of vanadium, and the balance essentially columbium is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
The arc melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with test results of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in Example 1.
Example 8 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 20 percent of chromium, 2 percent of aluminum, 8 percent of vanadium, and the balance essentially tantalum is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
The arc melted alloy of this example is tested-for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with test results of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in Example 1.
4 Example 9 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 10 percent of chromium, 8 percent of aluminum, 10 percent of vanadium, and the balance essentially columbium is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
The arc melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with test results of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in Example 1.
Example 10 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 10 percent of chromium, 8 percent of aluminum, 10 percent of vanadium, and the balance essentially tantalum is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
The are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture lifein the same manner asset forth in Example 1,. with test results of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in Example 1.
Example]! An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 10 percent of chromium, 3 percent of aluminum, 3 percent of vanadium, 10 percent of tungsten, and the balance essentially columbium is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
The are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with test results of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in Example 1.
Example 12 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 10 percent of chromium, 3 percent of aluminum, 3 percent of vanadium, 5 percent of iron, and the balance essentially columbium is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
The are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with test results of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in Example 1.
Example 13 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 15 percent of chromium, 6 percent of aluminum, 6 percent of vanadium, 2 percent of iron, 2 percent of tungsten, and the balance essentially columbium is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
The are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with test results of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in Example 1.
Example 14 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 15 percent of chromium, 6 percent of aluminum, 6 percent fo vanadium, 2 percent of iron, 2 percent of tungsten, and the balance essentially tantalum is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
The are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with test results of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in Example 1.
Example 15 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 15 percent of chromium, 6 percent of aluminum, 5 percent of vanadium, 22.5 percent of tantalum, and the balance essentially columbium is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
The are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with substantially the same test results.
Example 16 An ingot of an alloy of this invention containing by weight 15 percent of chromium, 6 percent of aluminum, 5 percent of vanadium, 3.75 percent fo columbium, and the balance essentially tantalum is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
The are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with substantially the same test results.
Example 17 Example 18 An ingot of an alloyof this invention containing by Weight 15 percent of chromium, 6 percent of aluminum, 5 percent of vanadium, 1 percent of iron, 5 percent of tungsten, 22.5 percent of tantalum, and the balance essentially columbium is prepared in the same manner as set forth in Example 1.
The are melted alloy of this example is tested for oxidation resistance in air and for rupture life in the same manner as set forth in Example 1, with substantially the same test results.
The above detailed description of this invention is given for cl'earness of understanding only. No unnecessary limitations are to be understood therefrom, as modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
I claim:
1. A metal alloy which comprises, by weight: 3 to 20 percent of chromium; 2 to 8 percent of aluminum; 3 to 10 percent of vanadium; and the balance essentially a metal of the group consisting of tantalum, columbium and mixtures thereof.
2. A metal alloy which comprises, by weight: 3 to 20 percent of chromium; 2 to 8 percent of aluminum; 3 to 10 percent of vanadium; and the balance essentially columbium.
3. A metal alloy which comprises, by weight: 3 to 20 percent of chromium; 2 to 8 percent of aluminum; 3 to 10 percent of vanadium; and the balance essentially tantalum.
4. A metal alloy which comprises, by weight: 3 to 20 percent of chromium; 2 to 8 percent of aluminum; 3 to 10 percent of vanadium; up to 10 percent of tungsten; up to 5 percent of iron; and the balance, essentially a metal of the group consisting of tantalum, columbium, and mixtures thereof.
5. A metal alloy which comprises, by weight: 3 to 20 percent of chromium; 2 to 8 percent of aluminum; 3 to 10 percent of vanadium; up to 10 percent of tungsten; up to 5 percent of iron; and the balance, essentially columbium.
6. A metal alloy which comprises, by weight: 3 to 20 percent of chromium; 2 to 8 percent of aluminum; 3 to 10 percent of vanadium; up to 10 percent of tungsten; up to 5 percent of iron; and the balance, essentially tantalum.
7. A metal alloy which comprises, by weight: 15 percent of chromium; 3 to 6 percent of aluminum; 3 to 5 percent of vanadium; and the balance, essentially a metal of the group consisting of tantalum, columbium, and mixtures thereof.
8. A metal alloy which comprises, by weight: 15 percent of chromium; 3 to 6 percent of aluminum; 3 to 5 percent of vanadium; and the balance, essentially columbium.
9. A metal alloy which comprises, by weight: 15 percent of chromium; 3 to 6 percent of aluminum; 3 to 5 percent vanadium; and the balance, essentially tantalum.
,10. A metal alloy which comprises, by Weight: 15 percent of chromium; 3 to 6 percent of aluminum; 3 to 5 percent of vanadium; 1 percent of iron; 5 percent of tungsten; and the balance, essentially a metal of the group consisting of tantalum, columbium, and mixtures thereof.
No references cited.
Claims (1)
- 4. A METAL ALLOY WHICH COMPRISES, BY WEIGHT : 3 TO 2/ PERCENT OF CHROMIUM; 2 TO 8 PERCENT OF ALUMINUM; 3 TO 10 PERCENT VANADIUMF UP TO 10 PERCENT OF TUNGSTEN; UP TO 5 PERCENT OF IRON; AND THE BALANCE, ESSENTIALLY A METAL OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF TANTALUM, COLUMBIUM, AND MIXTURES THEREOF.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US689476A US2860970A (en) | 1957-10-11 | 1957-10-11 | Metal alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US689476A US2860970A (en) | 1957-10-11 | 1957-10-11 | Metal alloy |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2860970A true US2860970A (en) | 1958-11-18 |
Family
ID=24768644
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US689476A Expired - Lifetime US2860970A (en) | 1957-10-11 | 1957-10-11 | Metal alloy |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2860970A (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3028236A (en) * | 1958-12-22 | 1962-04-03 | Union Carbide Corp | Columbium base alloy |
US3136631A (en) * | 1960-04-27 | 1964-06-09 | Union Carbide Corp | Vanadium-columbium alloys |
US3173784A (en) * | 1958-12-22 | 1965-03-16 | Union Carbide Corp | Columbium base alloy |
US3188205A (en) * | 1961-12-20 | 1965-06-08 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Columbium alloy |
US3243290A (en) * | 1963-07-22 | 1966-03-29 | Gen Electric | Tantalum base alloy |
US3442172A (en) * | 1959-03-13 | 1969-05-06 | Fansteel Inc | Gun barrel liner |
US5374393A (en) * | 1990-08-22 | 1994-12-20 | Duke University | High temperature turbine engine alloys containing gold |
-
1957
- 1957-10-11 US US689476A patent/US2860970A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3028236A (en) * | 1958-12-22 | 1962-04-03 | Union Carbide Corp | Columbium base alloy |
US3173784A (en) * | 1958-12-22 | 1965-03-16 | Union Carbide Corp | Columbium base alloy |
US3442172A (en) * | 1959-03-13 | 1969-05-06 | Fansteel Inc | Gun barrel liner |
US3136631A (en) * | 1960-04-27 | 1964-06-09 | Union Carbide Corp | Vanadium-columbium alloys |
US3188205A (en) * | 1961-12-20 | 1965-06-08 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Columbium alloy |
US3243290A (en) * | 1963-07-22 | 1966-03-29 | Gen Electric | Tantalum base alloy |
US5374393A (en) * | 1990-08-22 | 1994-12-20 | Duke University | High temperature turbine engine alloys containing gold |
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