US2855264A - Activated electrode for electric discharge lamp - Google Patents
Activated electrode for electric discharge lamp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2855264A US2855264A US535331A US53533155A US2855264A US 2855264 A US2855264 A US 2855264A US 535331 A US535331 A US 535331A US 53533155 A US53533155 A US 53533155A US 2855264 A US2855264 A US 2855264A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lamp
- electrode
- electrodes
- envelope
- electric discharge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940087373 calcium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940088417 precipitated calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003452 thorium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGPGQDLTDHGEGT-JCIKCJKQSA-N zeven Chemical compound C=1C([C@@H]2C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C3=CC(O)=C4)C(=O)NCCCN(C)C)=O)[C@H](O)C5=CC=C(C(=C5)Cl)OC=5C=C6C=C(C=5O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O5)C(O)=O)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(C)C)OC5=CC=C(C=C5)C[C@@H]5C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H]6C(=O)N2)=O)C=2C(Cl)=C(O)C=C(C=2)OC=2C(O)=CC=C(C=2)[C@H](C(N5)=O)NC)=CC=C(O)C=1C3=C4O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O KGPGQDLTDHGEGT-JCIKCJKQSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
- H01J61/06—Main electrodes
- H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
- H01J61/0735—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode
- H01J61/0737—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode characterised by the electron emissive material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
- H01J61/06—Main electrodes
- H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
Definitions
- electrodes, ⁇ of which comprise a refractory metal .mem-
- Vsaid electronemissive material being obtained ,fromasubstance .which has .a .melting .point highertthan .2500" .C...and1w.hich produces, during theformation ofthe electrode, ⁇ Aonlygproductsamong Whichthose which are not gaseous in the conditions of their productionhave .melting pointshigher than 2500 C., these .meltinglpoints being measured in .the conditions .to .whichfthe .substancefand products .are subjected when the lamp islbeing. manufactured.
- the .term formation.ofwtheI electrodes does not comprise the electric discharges to -Which ⁇ electrodes .are ,sometimes .-subjected before the.1am p is' put into rnormal service, ttor instance .soas toconvert .a smallfraction of the alkalineearth v.oxides which activatezthem intov alkaline-.earth metal.
- the 'conditions .to which .the substance and products are subjected when.the lamp is beingmanufacturedfand which may influence the meltingpoints thereof are, for example, the j pressures ,to which ttheesubstance 'and V,prod- .ucts are subjected.
- the products originating from said substance may'be temporary products, that is products which Wi1l.be:trans formed during later formationtoper-ations on the: electrode, as well .as ,permanent products, which ywill not .betrans- ⁇ formed any further.
- the electron-emissive material is :deposited on the support ⁇ member-for the emissivefmaterial in a condition of-suspensiondn ea.1iquid,and-the-rdegassing of .the alamp.. and lthe formation. of the .activated electrode, or electrodes,.,f the lamp. is .etected by heating the lWhole of .the lamp .to a .temperature higher-.than 900 '.C. while pumping the non-inert gases out of the lamp, said .elec- .trode, or. electrodes, being fat that .moment located. inthe .1.1amp.
- the .pumping .of .the non-inert 1 gases .contained in .the -lamp may-.be...elfected. ⁇ .byf exhausting the lampfor byfflow- .ingcaninertgas through it, .or byzboththese means.
- ⁇ Heating.thelamp .envelcpefabove .1300" C. is ygenerally to y.be .avoided :since vitreous ...silica .-devitries .at that temperature.
- .the .envelope may .be-heated l by ra, gas oven .or an .electric zeven, :or rby. one ,or more burners, .,or banlcsv of burners, using y.gaseous .or :liquid fuel.-
- FIG. l represents diagrammaticall partly .in .-section, .partly sin elevation, ⁇ 1an electrode fastened to t its ylead-.in
- the metal ⁇ part carrying the emissive material comprising altungsten'ro'd or pin'2, ⁇ of ⁇ l.51mm.in diameter, ⁇ andfa helixfl ofv tungsten Wire of OLS in diam-eter throughwhich the rod.2 has been passed.
- the helix l comprises l8.turnsiof .which vonly ten have 'been shown-for ⁇ greater .clearness ofJthe drawing. Theright! hand end-'olfI thehelix is ⁇ weldedielectrically to .the rod 4f2.
- ThecompositepartL .2 has undergone treatments 'intenderlfto purify .the tungsten surface,-well knownztreatments which involve, 'infp'articulan successive beatings to about l000 .C. in dry hydrogen andtthere after in'wet hydrogen.
- the assembly consisting df the part EIl,"f2, Ythe thin strip 4 'and the leadin 'connection 17 is -f'c-leanetl, for 'instance,” by'heating inL hydrogen.
- the part i1, i2 ' is then coated, f'for instance by dipping or .byfmeans fof. a irbrnsh, Awith -'some v:calcium v.carbonate suspension, .this :coating being carried contain-.fsuchfa way as to ll, by capillarit-y,rthefclearances between thefturnsof the helix 1 and between said helix and the rod 2.
- the suspension is then allowed to dry in air, which yields a coat 3 of calcium carbonate.
- the portion of the coat 3 which is on the outer surface of the part 1, 2 is removed with a brush, so as to avoid fouling the envelope of the lamp when its electrodes are introduced therein, if the electrodes then rub the envelope.
- Two semi-finished electrodes 6, 12 thus obtained are introduced into an envelope for a discharge lamp, made of quartz and comprising as represented in Figure 2, a central portion 5 provided with an exhaust tube 11 and two end pieces 8 and 16 which are open to allow the introduction of the electrodes therethrough.
- One electrode 6, is attached to molybdenum strips 10 and 9, and the other electrode 12, is attached to molybdenum strips 14 and 15. Following the introduction of the electrodes the two end parts are sealed by heating whereafter a vacuum is made through the exhaust tube 11, and the strips 10 and 14 are sealed to the end pieces 8, 16.
- the lamp is connected through its exhaust tube 11 with a vacuum pump, and then placed in an oven which raises its temperature to about 1l00 C.
- This treatment the duration of which is of the order of l5 minutes, results in a removal of gases from the electrode, and in a transformation of calcium carbonate into calcium oxide in acl cordance with the equilibrium reaction:
- Another advantage is that it is possible to manufacture a lamp without any glass sealing after introduction of the electrodes, other than the closing of the exhaust tu'be and of the two end pieces.
- the electrode for which the above numerical data is given is suitable, for example, for mercury vapor lamps operating with a vapor pressure of the order of two atmospheres, a current of several amperes, for instance 3.5 amperes, and a voltage gradient of 5 to 40 volts per centimeter length between electrodes when the inner diameter of the tube 5 is 25 millimeters.
- the suspension is obtained, for instance, by crushing i Figure 3 shows, in section, an electrode, in which the metal coil forms two layers.
- the coil 19, for example, comprises 15 turns.
- the outer diameter of the outer layer of the coil should be suiciently small to allow the electrode to pass through the end piece 8 or 16.
- Figure 4 shows an electrode, the coil of which, made of tungsten wire 0.5 mm. in diameter with spacings of 0.05 mm., is divided into two portions: a front portion 20 which is not provided with electron-emitting material, and a rear portion 21, which supports an emissive coat.
- the portion 20 for instance, may comprise 14 turns and the portion 21 four turns, the distance between the portions 20 and 21 being about 2 millimeters.
- the portion 21 only may be coated by dipping or by using a brush, with the substance which will be transformed into emissive material.
- Figure 5 represents an electrode, the coil of which is divided into a front portion 22 with no electron-emissive material, and a rear portion 23 with a coil forming a double layer and having emissive material.
- the portion 22 may, for example, comprise six turns, and the portion 23 seven turns.
- the activating substance suspension it is also possible to use a suspension of calcium oxide, obtained, for example, 'by milling 100 grams of lime in grams of butyl acetate for 6 to 50 hours, then diluting the mixture obtained in 500 grams of butyl acetate. Thorium oxide may also be used. The heating by the oven, through the envelope, may then, in some cases, not be quite so strong as when calcium carbonate is used.
- the suspension of activating material may also contain a refractory metal, tungsten for instance, in very nely powdered form, or silica, which may increase the adherence of the emissive material.
- a binder may also be added, for instance 1% in weight of nitrocellulose with respect to the activating substance.
- Metal parts of the electrode may be made of molybdenum or tantalum, instead of tungsten.
- the coating with the substance which will produce the emissive material may be effected before welding the rod 2 to the thin molybdenum strip 4 of the lead-in.
- Still other forms of electrodes may be used.
- the discharge atmosphere may be krypton or xenon, with a pressure higher than 0.5 kg./cm.2 during operating.
- an electric discharge lamp containing an ionizable discharge atmosphere and having at least one activated electrode, the discharge atmosphere having an absolute pressure higher than 0.5 kg./cm.2 during the operation of the lamp, the envelope of the lamp being made of a vitreous material having a very high silica content and said activated electrode comprising a refractory metal member provided with electron-emissive material, said electron-emissive material being obtained from a substance which has a melting point higher than 2500 C.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2855264X | 1954-09-22 | ||
| FR811016X | 1955-01-22 | ||
| FR2879427X | 1955-12-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2855264A true US2855264A (en) | 1958-10-07 |
Family
ID=32329518
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US535331A Expired - Lifetime US2855264A (en) | 1954-09-22 | 1955-09-20 | Activated electrode for electric discharge lamp |
| US559424A Expired - Lifetime US2879427A (en) | 1954-09-22 | 1956-01-16 | Activated electrode for electric discharge lamp |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US559424A Expired - Lifetime US2879427A (en) | 1954-09-22 | 1956-01-16 | Activated electrode for electric discharge lamp |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US2855264A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BE (1) | BE541432A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE1047313B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB811016A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1132241B (de) * | 1960-02-11 | 1962-06-28 | Philips Nv | Elektrische Gasentladungslampe mit kalter Kathode |
| WO2005104165A1 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2005-11-03 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | Method for the thermal treatment of tungsten electrodes free from thorium oxide for high-pressure discharge lamps |
| US20070120456A1 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-05-31 | General Electric Company | Barium-free electrode materials for electric lamps and methods of manufacture thereof |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL269416A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1960-09-21 | |||
| US5357167A (en) * | 1992-07-08 | 1994-10-18 | General Electric Company | High pressure discharge lamp with a thermally improved anode |
| US8188663B2 (en) * | 2009-01-05 | 2012-05-29 | General Electric Company | High intensity discharge lamp |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2007926A (en) * | 1930-10-21 | 1935-07-09 | Sirian Lamp Co | Light emitting unit |
| US2249672A (en) * | 1936-12-10 | 1941-07-15 | Gen Electric | Discharge device |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2006081A (en) * | 1934-03-02 | 1935-06-25 | Hanovia Chemical & Mfg Co | Electrode for vapor electric devices |
| US2057908A (en) * | 1935-01-08 | 1936-10-20 | Flexlume Corp | Luminous tube |
| CH197418A (de) * | 1936-08-03 | 1938-04-30 | Quarzlampen Gmbh | Elektrische Hochdruckmetalldampfentladungsröhre mit durch die Entladung aufgeheizter Oxydelektrode. |
| GB486138A (en) * | 1937-01-19 | 1938-05-31 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in electrodes for high-pressure metal vapour electric discharge devices |
| DE697428C (de) * | 1937-02-05 | 1940-10-14 | Patra Patent Treuhand | Elektrische, einen Betriebsdruck von mehr als 5 Atmosphaeren aufweisende Quecksilberdampfentladungslampe mit entladungsgeheizten Betriebsgluehelektroden und Anlasselektroden |
| BE426649A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1937-03-09 | |||
| US2187774A (en) * | 1937-10-08 | 1940-01-23 | Gen Electric | Electric discharge lamp adapted for use as source in optical projection apparatus |
| US2304412A (en) * | 1939-10-04 | 1942-12-08 | Gen Electric | Electric high pressure discharge lamp |
| DE880360C (de) * | 1943-07-14 | 1953-06-22 | Patra Patent Treuhand | Elektrische kugelfoermige Hochdruckentladungslampe |
| GB639536A (en) * | 1946-04-17 | 1950-06-28 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to mercury vapour lamps |
| US2670451A (en) * | 1950-01-12 | 1954-02-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Short arc high-pressure vapor discharge lamp |
| US2682007A (en) * | 1951-01-11 | 1954-06-22 | Hanovia Chemical & Mfg Co | Compact type electrical discharge device |
| US2687489A (en) * | 1952-06-26 | 1954-08-24 | Hanovia Chemical & Mfg Co | Electrode |
| FR1084263A (fr) * | 1953-06-04 | 1955-01-18 | Ets Claude Paz & Silva | Procédé pour la fabrication d'une électrode pour appareil à décharge électrique |
-
0
- BE BE541432D patent/BE541432A/xx unknown
-
1955
- 1955-09-20 US US535331A patent/US2855264A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1956
- 1956-01-09 DE DEE11797A patent/DE1047313B/de active Pending
- 1956-01-16 US US559424A patent/US2879427A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1956-01-20 GB GB2003/56A patent/GB811016A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2007926A (en) * | 1930-10-21 | 1935-07-09 | Sirian Lamp Co | Light emitting unit |
| US2249672A (en) * | 1936-12-10 | 1941-07-15 | Gen Electric | Discharge device |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1132241B (de) * | 1960-02-11 | 1962-06-28 | Philips Nv | Elektrische Gasentladungslampe mit kalter Kathode |
| WO2005104165A1 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2005-11-03 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | Method for the thermal treatment of tungsten electrodes free from thorium oxide for high-pressure discharge lamps |
| US20090302764A1 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2009-12-10 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. | Method for the thermal treatment of tungsten electrodes free from thorium oxide for high-pressure discharge lamps |
| US8087966B2 (en) | 2004-04-21 | 2012-01-03 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Method for the thermal treatment of tungsten electrodes free from thorium oxide for high-pressure discharge lamps |
| CN1942999B (zh) * | 2004-04-21 | 2012-04-25 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 一种用于对高压放电灯的不含氧化钍的钨电极的热处理方法 |
| US20070120456A1 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-05-31 | General Electric Company | Barium-free electrode materials for electric lamps and methods of manufacture thereof |
| WO2007064570A3 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2008-07-03 | Gen Electric | Barium-free electrode materials for electric lamps and methods of manufacture thereof |
| US7633216B2 (en) | 2005-11-28 | 2009-12-15 | General Electric Company | Barium-free electrode materials for electric lamps and methods of manufacture thereof |
| CN101336464B (zh) * | 2005-11-28 | 2012-07-04 | 通用电气公司 | 用于电灯的无钡电极材料及其制造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US2879427A (en) | 1959-03-24 |
| BE541432A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | |
| GB811016A (en) | 1959-03-25 |
| DE1047313B (de) | 1958-12-24 |
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