US2831403A - Sliding breechblock locking mechanism for self-loading firearms - Google Patents

Sliding breechblock locking mechanism for self-loading firearms Download PDF

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Publication number
US2831403A
US2831403A US518307A US51830755A US2831403A US 2831403 A US2831403 A US 2831403A US 518307 A US518307 A US 518307A US 51830755 A US51830755 A US 51830755A US 2831403 A US2831403 A US 2831403A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
breech
elements
sliding
case
sliding unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US518307A
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English (en)
Inventor
Maillard Bernard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Brev Aero Mecaniques S A Soc
Society "brevets Aero-Mecaniques " S A
Original Assignee
Brev Aero Mecaniques S A Soc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL696906736A priority Critical patent/NL153487B/xx
Priority to NL93056D priority patent/NL93056C/xx
Priority to NL6805742.A priority patent/NL165278B/xx
Priority to LU30050D priority patent/LU30050A1/xx
Priority to BE502095D priority patent/BE502095A/xx
Priority to NL93801D priority patent/NL93801C/xx
Priority to GB17339/52A priority patent/GB687339A/en
Priority to GB6206/51A priority patent/GB687315A/en
Priority to DEB14191A priority patent/DE860019C/de
Priority to CH310860D priority patent/CH310860A/fr
Priority to CH309604D priority patent/CH309604A/fr
Priority to FR1042830D priority patent/FR1042830A/fr
Priority to US218370A priority patent/US2756640A/en
Priority claimed from US218370A external-priority patent/US2756640A/en
Application filed by Brev Aero Mecaniques S A Soc filed Critical Brev Aero Mecaniques S A Soc
Priority to US518307A priority patent/US2831403A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2831403A publication Critical patent/US2831403A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A15/00—Cartridge extractors, i.e. devices for pulling cartridges or cartridge cases at least partially out of the cartridge chamber; Cartridge ejectors, i.e. devices for throwing the extracted cartridges or cartridge cases free of the gun
    • F41A15/12—Cartridge extractors, i.e. devices for pulling cartridges or cartridge cases at least partially out of the cartridge chamber; Cartridge ejectors, i.e. devices for throwing the extracted cartridges or cartridge cases free of the gun for bolt-action guns
    • F41A15/14—Cartridge extractors, i.e. devices for pulling cartridges or cartridge cases at least partially out of the cartridge chamber; Cartridge ejectors, i.e. devices for throwing the extracted cartridges or cartridge cases free of the gun for bolt-action guns the ejector being mounted on or within the bolt; Extractors per se
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/36—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing
    • F41A3/38—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing having rocking locking elements, e.g. pivoting levers or vanes
    • F41A3/40—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing having rocking locking elements, e.g. pivoting levers or vanes mounted on the bolt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64—Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
    • F41A3/66—Breech housings or frames; Receivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/18—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock gas-operated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to self-loading firearms (this ⁇ term being meant vto include both semi-automatic firearms which require a separate trigger-pull for every shot, and automatic firearms, which fire bursts, and also double action arms capable of working either in semiautomatic or in fully automatic fashion) in which the breech-block structure is held temporarily locked in bore closing or active position by a longitudinal sliding unit carrying the striker and capable, once said breech-block structure has reached said active position, of further moving toward the front to perform this temporary locking action and to fire the cartridge.
  • breechblock In a different kind of firearm, i. e. repeating firearms, it has been suggested to use'a longitudinally split breechblock, the sections or elements of which, when the breechblock is in its home position, are laterally expanded, into engagement with abutment shoulders provided on the inner walls of the breech-case housing.
  • the two breech-block elements are pivotally connected to each other about an axis located in the plane of symmetry (normally vertical) of the unit formed by the barrel and the breech-case and the above mentioned abutment shoulders are parallel to this axis.
  • the breech-block elements It is very important to give the breech-block elements a longitudinal dimension as small as possible, because said elements support a very great longitudinal thrust every time a shot is tired and they are necessaryily slightly oblique.
  • the opening provided in ⁇ the breech-case for ejection of the spent cartridgecases is located in one of the sides of said breech-case, that is to'say in one of the walls of the breech-case housing where must be provided one of the above mentioned abutment shoulders. Therefore, since this opening must extend rearwardly behind the rear edge of the cartridge States Patent O ice chamber and since the abutment shoulder is necessarily p breech-case.
  • the abutment shoulders can be located in portions of said breech-case intermediate between the transverse planes passing through the front and rear ends of said openings, and the longitudinal dimension of the breech-block elements is much smaller.
  • the pivot axis about which said two breech-block elements can rotate with respect to each other may be located exactly at the point where the two front edges of these two elements are in contact with each other; thus, when the breech-block elements are locked in their front position, the area of contact with the 'rear face of the cartridge case corresponds to a full circle.
  • the breech-block elements are not directly tixed to each other, they can undergo small individual displacements when they bear against the'correspending abutment shoulder of the breech-case, which ensures an equal distribution of the stresses between the two breech-block elements.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 show, with some parts removed, respectively in elevation with portions in section on the line I-I of Fig. 2 and in plan view with portions in section on the line II-II of Fig. l, the breech mechanism of an automatic cannon made according to my invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a plan view, on a smaller scale and partly in section through the horizontal axial plane of the barrel, of the sliding system of this mechanism.
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view, with portions cut away, ot said breech mechanism.
  • Fig. 5 shows a modification of some parts of this mechanism.
  • the firearm includes a barrel 1, preferably removable, extending rearwardly to form a breech case 42.
  • This barrel and breech case unit has a longitudinal (generally vertical) plane of symmetry. Its walls transverse to said plane, i. e. in the conventional arrangement its top and bottom walls are provided with openings, one of these openings serving to the introduction Vof fresh cartridges and the other to the ejection of spent cartridge cases.
  • the breech mechanism includes two breech-.block elements 3a and 3b capable of moving transversely between a retracted and unlocked position (shown by Figs. 3 and 5) in which they can reciprocate inside breech case 2, and an active locked position (shown by Figs. 2 and 4) in which they bear upon said breech case, against distinct abutment shoulders 4 made of an especially hard metal,v
  • Shoulders 4 are located in a portion of breech case 2 intermediate between the transverse planes passing through the front and rear ends of the two above mentioned openings.
  • a sliding unit 6 supports both a striker 7 and the above mentioned breech-block elements 3a and 3b, which are slidable on saidunit 6.
  • This unit 6, which is urged frontwardly by return means which will be more exphcitly referred to hereinafter, is adapted to have, once said breech-block elements 3a and 3b have reached the end of their frontward stroke, a supplementary frontward displacement intended first to bring said breechblock elements into locked position and to hold them therein, and finally to re the cartridge.
  • Breech-block elements 3a and 3b are constituted by two similar pieces mounted symmetrically withv respect to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the firearm and having front edge lines held adjacent to each other along a vertical line XX', the movements of said elements from their retracted unlocked position to their expanded locked position and vice versa being obtained by horizontal pivoting Ythereof about vertical line XX' (of course 'the terms horizontal and vertical are used onthe assumption that the arm barrel is horizontal and its longitudinal plane of symmetry is vertical).
  • Sliding unit6 is'arranged to act, -inv the'course'fof its supplementary frontward stroke, as 'awedgefbetween said elements'Sa and 3b sol as to cause'them to pivot about line XXuntil they bear against abutments4.
  • The' sliding unit is constituted by two bars aguided longitudinally 'in slideways 2a provided for this purpose in the breech case, said slidingbars being interconnected by a cross piece 6b which carriesthe bloclo which forms the active element (with respect to'v elements ⁇ *Jaand 3b) of said sliding unit.
  • Block 6 is provided 'with verticalshoulders- S- inclined outwardly toward the rear and adapted'to bear, ⁇ as long as elements 3a and 3b are in retracted position, against surfaces s of corresponding inclination carried' by said elements, the supplementary frontward stroke iof the sliding unit producing, through a cam effect exerted by shoulders S on surfaces s, the outward transverse. pivoting of elements 3a' and-3b which have then reached the end of their frontwardstroke and lhave thus been brought into active position (the position of the respectiveparts rwhen shoulders S start acting on sur'facesfsl is shownfby Fig. 3 and the position of the same parts once locking has' been preformed 'is shown byFig. 2).
  • the sliding unit carries, on the one hand, near the rear end thereof and preferably on blockcsproper, trigger stops 6c and, on the other hand, near 'the front end thereof andpreferably on cross plate 6b, two-projections 6d (shown on Fig. 4) vwhich determine the limit'frontward position of elements 3a and A3b with respect to unit during the recoil of the reciprocating breechparts and imperatively compel said elements 3a and '3b to move towardeach -other at ⁇ the beginning of the recoil 'stroke of the sliding unit.
  • I further provide, in the central region of the tfront edges of said elements 3a and 3b, a passage for thepoint of striker 7.
  • I might also, according to a modification illustrated by' Fig, 5, substitute for shoulders S rollers 8 -cooperating with the surfaces s of elements 3a and 3b.
  • the semi-circular 'portions -Ta 'and Tb of the front faces of elements 3a and 3b, which are to constitute the bearing surface for the rear wall a of the cartridge 5 when said elements are in front position; must be located 1in the same -plane when the breech-block'elements occupyttheir locked position, wherebyfsaid cartridge rear Wallis then supported over its whole 'area (position shown for member 3a on Fig. 2).
  • SurfacesTa and Tb will therefore form a dihedral angle when elements'a and 3b are retracted, as shown by Fig. 3.
  • This-firearm - is furtherprovided on the one hand 'with an extractor "9 mounted, ⁇ as will be more explicitly 'explainedhereinafter, in cross ⁇ piece-fashion lbetween' elementseafand 3b ⁇ -'and, on the other l1arid,fwith acontrol device capableofproducingfafter the Efi'ring "of every 4 round, a recoildisplacement of the sliding unit against the action of a recuperator system intended to achieve the frontward return movementv of said sliding unit.
  • rst extractor 9 it is arranged in such manner that its nose 9a projects to the front of the front edge of elements 3a and 3b Vand to the inside of the periphery of bearing surfaces Taz-Tb.
  • Extractor 9 includes a transverse trunnion 9b the journal portions of which engage in housings 10 provided for this purpose inl elements 3a and 3b.
  • journal and-housings are arranged in such manner as to make allowance for the pivoting movements of elements 3a and 3b, for which purpose, for instance, and as shown by Fig. 5, vthe journal surfaces of the trunniffelmade of 'straight cylindrical shape over their whole length andhousings 10 ⁇ are given a flaring shape (from their orifice toward their bottom) whereby the journals of the trunnion bear against the front portion of housings 10 when-elements-3a3b are retracted toward each other and against their rear portion when these elements are moved away from each other.
  • I provide two springs 11 housed in longitudinal bores formed for this purposeA respectively yin each of the elements 3a and 3b, said4 springs further tending, due to the fact that their lines of action are oblique with respect to axis XX', to move said elements 3a and 3b away from veach other.
  • the trunnion also has the function of keeping the two elements 3a and 3b exactly opposite each other, with their vertical edge lines in contact along XX.
  • this -control device may be made in the usual manner, that is to say include la driving piston acting upon the sliding unit through a fork and push-pieces housed in the breech case, it seems preferable to arrange said control device according to a particular feature of my invention, applicable to all firearms having a sliding unit intended temporarily to keep the breech mechanism in locked position.
  • I convey, through a system of conduits 12, the gases tapped from the firearm barrel toward two chambers of variable volume 13, of quadrangular section, provided in the breech case and the movable wall of whichis constituted by the front edge of sliding bars 6a, ⁇ said chambers'l ⁇ beingconseque'ntly located near the front of the breech case in line with the sliding bars 6a of sliding unit 6.
  • recuperator system which is to return saidl slidingunit frontwardly, it is preferably made, according to another feature of my invention, independent lof the preceding ones, in such manner that it cooperates with the unit in question not directly but through an intermediatepart having a movement simultaneous with that of the sliding unit but of smaller amplitude, whereby it is possible to reduce the overall dimensions of the firearm.
  • each sliding bar 6a with a rack I4 meshing with a pinion 15 carried by a sliding member 16, ⁇ preferably of cylindrical shape, movable in 'a longitudinal bore provided for this purpose in the breech case, said pinion 15 rolling on a fixed rack 17 carried by said breech case.
  • Each sliding member I6 the displacements of which are of an amplitude equal to one half of that of sliding unit 6, cooperates with a return spring 18 housed in the guiding bore of the sliding member.
  • an accelerator elastic system (not shown) capable of reinforcing the action of springs 18 by giving sliding unit v 6, when it comes near the end of its rearward stroke, a frontward impulse.
  • the sliding unit which is supposed to start from its extreme rear position (the triggers being depressed) is moved frontwardly by return springs 18, elements 3a and 3b being then located in the retracted position shown by Fig. 3.
  • sliding unit 6 starts on its supplementary frontward displacement, shoulders 5 pushing said elements 3a and 3b into locked position (as shown by Fig. 2) and finally, striker 7 strikes the rear part 5a of the cartridge already housed in the cartridge chamber, thus tiring the shot.
  • striker 7 strikes the rear part 5a of the cartridge already housed in the cartridge chamber, thus tiring the shot.
  • said unit opposes any unlocking of said elements.
  • a self-loading ream which comprises, in combination, a barrel including a cartridge chamber, a breech case at the rear of said barrel, said barrel and said breech case having a longitudinal plane of symmetry, said breech case being provided, in the two walls thereof perpendicular to said plane of symmetry, with two openings respectively, one for introduction of fresh cartridges and the other for ejection of spent cartridge cases, a sliding unit including two longitudinal side bars longitudinally guided in said breech-case between said openings and a cross plate extending between said bars, said sliding unit being reciprocable longitudinally in said breech case with a.
  • a firearm according to claim 1 in which said sliding unit carries, near the front end thereof and on its cross plate, two projections arranged to determine the limit frontward position of the breech-block elements with respect to the sliding unit and imperatively to compel them to move toward each other at the beginning of the recoil stroke of the sliding unit.
  • a firearm according to claim 1 including Semi-circular surfaces on the front edges of said breech-block elements to bear against the rear wall of a cartridge in the cartridge chamber when said elements are in active position, said semi-circular surfaces being located in the same plane when these elements are in locked position.
  • a rearm according to claim 1 including semi-circular surfaces on the front edges of said breech-block elements to bear against the rear wall of a cartridge in the cartridge chamber when .said elements are in active position, said semi-circular surfaces being located in the same plane when these elements are in locked position, the front edges of said breech-block elements being further provided, above said semi-circular surfaces, with dat surfaces oblique with respect to said semi-circular surfaces so as to be located in the same plane when the breech-block elements are retracted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Operating, Guiding And Securing Of Roll- Type Closing Members (AREA)
US518307A 1950-03-30 1955-06-27 Sliding breechblock locking mechanism for self-loading firearms Expired - Lifetime US2831403A (en)

Priority Applications (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL696906736A NL153487B (nl) 1950-03-30 Gedwongen hydraulische besturingsinrichting voor getrokken voertuigen.
NL93056D NL93056C (de) 1950-03-30
NL6805742.A NL165278B (nl) 1950-03-30 Vlambewakingsinrichting.
LU30050D LU30050A1 (de) 1950-03-30
BE502095D BE502095A (de) 1950-03-30
NL93801D NL93801C (de) 1950-03-30
GB17339/52A GB687339A (en) 1950-03-30 1951-03-14 Improvements in self-loading firearms and in particular small bore cannons
GB6206/51A GB687315A (en) 1950-03-30 1951-03-14 Improvements in self-loading firearms and in particular small bore cannons
DEB14191A DE860019C (de) 1950-03-30 1951-03-15 Halbselbsttaetige oder selbsttaetige Feuerwaffe, insbesondere selbsttaetiges Kleinkalibergeschuetz
CH310860D CH310860A (fr) 1950-03-30 1951-03-20 Arme à feu au moins semi-automatique.
CH309604D CH309604A (fr) 1950-03-30 1951-03-20 Arme à feu automatique.
FR1042830D FR1042830A (fr) 1950-03-30 1951-03-29 Perfectionnements apportés aux armes au moins semi-autematiques à mécanisme de culasse maintenu temporairement verrouillé par un équipage coulissant, notamment aux canons automatiques de petit calibre de ce genre
US218370A US2756640A (en) 1950-03-30 1951-03-30 Breech block locking means
US518307A US2831403A (en) 1950-03-30 1955-06-27 Sliding breechblock locking mechanism for self-loading firearms

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU309604X 1950-03-30
US218370A US2756640A (en) 1950-03-30 1951-03-30 Breech block locking means
US518307A US2831403A (en) 1950-03-30 1955-06-27 Sliding breechblock locking mechanism for self-loading firearms

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2831403A true US2831403A (en) 1958-04-22

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US518307A Expired - Lifetime US2831403A (en) 1950-03-30 1955-06-27 Sliding breechblock locking mechanism for self-loading firearms

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US2831403A (de)
BE (1) BE502095A (de)
CH (2) CH309604A (de)
DE (1) DE860019C (de)
FR (1) FR1042830A (de)
GB (2) GB687315A (de)
LU (1) LU30050A1 (de)
NL (4) NL93801C (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9618284B1 (en) * 2014-07-18 2017-04-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Motor control for externally-operated weapon

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1168806B (de) * 1958-12-03 1964-04-23 Rheinmetall Gmbh Verschluss fuer automatische Waffen
US10852084B2 (en) * 2018-06-15 2020-12-01 Michael Gregorich Advanced gas piston system
DE102023108227A1 (de) 2023-03-30 2024-10-02 Blaser Group Gmbh Verschlusskopf eines Gewehrverschlusses und Gewehrverschluss mit einem derartigen Verschlusskopf

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR897374A (fr) * 1943-08-20 1945-03-20 Johannes Grossfuss Metall Und Culasse en deux pièces pour armes se chargeant par le mouvement de recul
GB574352A (en) * 1943-02-19 1946-01-02 Lewis Motley Improvements in or relating to automatic guns
US2590981A (en) * 1947-06-20 1952-04-01 Mach Tool Works Oerlikon Admin Pivoted breech closure and lock member

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB574352A (en) * 1943-02-19 1946-01-02 Lewis Motley Improvements in or relating to automatic guns
FR897374A (fr) * 1943-08-20 1945-03-20 Johannes Grossfuss Metall Und Culasse en deux pièces pour armes se chargeant par le mouvement de recul
US2590981A (en) * 1947-06-20 1952-04-01 Mach Tool Works Oerlikon Admin Pivoted breech closure and lock member

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9618284B1 (en) * 2014-07-18 2017-04-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Motor control for externally-operated weapon
US9702649B1 (en) * 2014-07-18 2017-07-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Reciprocally-cycled weapon

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL93801C (de)
BE502095A (de)
GB687315A (en) 1953-02-11
CH309604A (fr) 1955-09-15
NL153487B (nl)
FR1042830A (fr) 1953-11-04
DE860019C (de) 1952-12-18
GB687339A (en) 1953-02-11
NL93056C (de)
LU30050A1 (de)
CH310860A (fr) 1955-11-15
NL165278B (nl)

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