US2823123A - Coating out of gelatin layers - Google Patents
Coating out of gelatin layers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2823123A US2823123A US556044A US55604455A US2823123A US 2823123 A US2823123 A US 2823123A US 556044 A US556044 A US 556044A US 55604455 A US55604455 A US 55604455A US 2823123 A US2823123 A US 2823123A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- gelatin
- maleopimarate
- emulsion
- grams
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 78
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 64
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 title claims description 39
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 39
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 39
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 25
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 16
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- -1 isocyanate ester Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- FEPCMSPFPMPWJK-OLPJDRRASA-N maleopimaric acid Chemical compound C([C@]12C=C([C@H](C[C@@H]11)[C@H]3C(OC(=O)[C@@H]23)=O)C(C)C)C[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)CCC[C@@]2(C)C(O)=O FEPCMSPFPMPWJK-OLPJDRRASA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical class OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005248 alkyl aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940043237 diethanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- SYXUBXTYGFJFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oat triterpenoid saponin Chemical compound CNC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC1C(C=O)(C)CC2C3(C(O3)CC3C4(CCC5C(C)(CO)C(OC6C(C(O)C(OC7C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O7)O)CO6)OC6C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O6)O)CCC53C)C)C4(C)CC(O)C2(C)C1 SYXUBXTYGFJFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OFYZVDBRERSYHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,1,2,2-tetraethoxy-2-octoxyethoxy)benzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(OCC)(OCC)C(OCC)(OCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 OFYZVDBRERSYHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOAXZIZWWFBPEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-diethoxy-2-phenoxydecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(C(O)(OCC)OCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IOAXZIZWWFBPEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLDUZMNCEGHSBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-octylphenoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OCCO GLDUZMNCEGHSBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920008347 Cellulose acetate propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007754 air knife coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950010286 diolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/38—Dispersants; Agents facilitating spreading
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved coating procedure
- this invention concerns an improved process for coating photographic materials onto a base such as film base or paper base to produce an improved photographic product.
- Saponin is a naturally occurring material of vegetable origin andmay vary markedly from batch to batch in quality as well as in composition. The quality of some batches of saponin may cause an increase in fog or a decrease of sensitivity of certain emulsions or may even result in no improvement in the coating properties of the composition to which it is added.
- coating aids surface active agents which are reproducible from batch to batch both'in chemical'composition and behaviour.
- a number of synthetic agents have utility for coating'pur'poses but they are often deficient in some respect. For example, certain coating aids naturally contribute to the ease of co'atingbut they are "not useful because of adverse photographic properties.
- This invention has for one object to provide an improved method for applying aqueous gelatin coatings.
- Another object of our invention is toprovide a method for applying gelatin coatingsin the preparation of photo- --graphic materials in which the coatings which result are uniformly even and repellency free and which are photographically inert.
- a further'object of our invention is to prepare coatings from aqueous gelatin compositions.
- R is hydrogen or an alkyl of at least 5 carbon atoms (such as 5-18) at least one R being alkyl and the total number of carbon atoms in the R groups being at least 10.
- the ratio of maleopimarate to the above identified salt should be within the range 36:1 to 5:3 of the former to the latter.
- One of the most useful compounds of the type illustrated is disodium N-(carbo-p. tert octyl phenoxy-pentethoxy) glutamate.
- Compounds of this type can be prepared by reacting an alkyl aryloxy polyethoxy ethanol having the formula:
- nv being 1-12 and R being hydrogen or an alkyl of at least 5 carbon atoms at least one R being alkyl with an isocyanate ester having the formula: OCN-CHR-COOR" in which R may be for example CH COOR",
- R" may be ethyl or other lower alkyl, which reaction is followed by treatment with a base such as NaOH to obtain sodium or some other salt thereof.
- gelatin or as photographic emulsions which are ordinarily comprised of'an aqueous solution'of gelatin containing as 200 ml. of 28% aqueous ammonia. 'othermic reaction occurs and the acid dissolves therein.
- the light-sensitive material a silver salt such as silver chloride, silver bromide, silver iodide or their mixture.
- the emulsion may contain other added materials such as sensitized dyes, hardeners or the like. Descriptions of photographic emulsions are found in the prior art such as in Fundamentals of Photographic Theory by James and Higgins, published in 1948 by John Wiley and Sons, chapter 2.
- Example 1 100 grams of maleopimaric acid were suspended in On stirring, an ex- Example 2 50 grams of maleopimaric acid were suspended in 300 ml. of water and 93.8 ml. of 4 normal NaOH were slowly added thereto thus producing a very hazy solution having a pH of 11.5. The sodium salt thus obtained was precipitated into a liter of acetone, washed repeatedly with acetone and dried in the air. 52 grams of a completely water-soluble sodium maleopimarate were obtained.
- Example 3 Mono, di and tri-ethanolamine salts of maleopimaric acid were obtained by preparing homogeneous solutions in the following proportions:
- the above preparations Prior to use the above preparations may be diluted with distilled water if desired.
- the base to be coated with a gelatin layer may be composed of any of the usual conventional film base materials. This may be a sheeting of a cellulose ester such as cellulose nitrate or an organic acid ester of cellulose such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate or cellulose acetate butyrate. It is often desirable to apply first a subbing layer to the cellulose ester base to contribute to the adhesiveness of the gelatin coating layer thereto as is well known in the art. As for the use of a paper base, that material is usually first coated with barium sulfate in suspension in a colloid such as gelatin prior to the application of a photographic emulsion or similar gelatin layer. A description of photographic paper is found in Kodak Data Book, 5th edition,
- the coating procedure utilized may comprise any of I the standard procedures employed in the industry.
- Example 4 There was incorporated in a silver halide gelatin emulsion, ammonium maleopimarate in the concentration of 0.5 gram thereof per pound of emulsion. The coating was-applied to a paper support. Also employed was a sample of the emulsion without coating aid therein. The following results were obtained:
- Example 5 A coating procedure was carried out similar to that described in Example 4 except that monoethanol amine maleopimarate was employed as the coating aid. The results obtained were as follows:
- Example 6 A procedure similar to that described in Example 4 was carried out but using triethanol amine maleopimarate. The results obtained were as follows:
- Example 7 A procedure similar to that described in Example 4 but using a sodium maleopimarate as a coating aid was A gelatin coating was applied in .the same manner as I described inExample 4 but using diethanol amine male- 5 opimarate coating aid. The following results were obtained:
- Example 10 In an application of a silver halide-gelatin photographic emulsion topaper sodium maleopimarate was employed as a coating aid at concentrations of from 0.14-1.2 grams per pound of wet emulsion. The following results were obtained:
- Example 11 To a photographic silver halide X-ray emulsion was added a mixture of sodium maleopimarate and disodium N(carbo p tert.-octy1phenoxypentaethoxy)glutamate (36:1) the ratio by weight of total coating aid to emulsion composition was 1 gram per 2.5 lbs. of emulsion. The emulsion was then coated upon a support thereof. There was also applied an overcoating of a gelatin solution containing a similar coating aid in the proportion of 1 gram per 7.7 lbs. of coating composition. It was found that the coating operation proceeded even better than is obtained by using only sodium maleopimarate as the coating aid.
- Example 12 To a series of emulsions were added mixed coating aid as described in the preceding example, the ratio of sodium maleopimarate to the auxiliary material being 10:1, 9:1, :1, 5:2, and 5:3 respectively. In all cases the coating results obtained were excellent and no serious coating diificulties were observed.
- Example 14 In an air-knife coating of an 8% gelatin photographic emulsion in which a mixture of sodium maleoprimarate s and disodium N-(carbo-p tert-octylphenoxypentaethoxy) glutamate in the ratio of 5:1 was added the following results were obtained:
- This mixed composition coating aid over coating aids having but a single material is that objectionable mottlingis' avoided while in some instances using but a single compound as a coating aid mottling of the coating applied may occur.
- These mixtures in addition have the advantage of being eflective coating aids in a wide variety of coating techniques.
- Example 16 An aqueous solution of gelatin comprising 39 grams of gelatin per pound of coating solution to which a magenta dye had been added was divided into three parts. To one was added 0.25 grams of sodium maleopimarate per lb. of gelatin solution and to another the usual concentration of saponine; the third part was employed as a check. The compositions were each applied as thin layers to cellulose triacetate film base by dip coating. Inspection of the coatings while still wet showed no repellencies in 25 square feet of the sodium maleopimarate coating, 3 repellencies with the saponine coating and 13 repellencies with the gelatin layer containing no wetting agent.
- Example 17 A gelatin-silver halide X-ray emulsion which comprises 26 grams of silver halide and 33 grams of gelatin per pound of coating solution was supplied with 0.4 gram of sodium maleopimarate per pound of emulsion. This emulsion was then coated out onto a subbed cellulose triacetate support. The product was inspected while still wet and the coating was found to be uniform and entirely free of repellencies.
- Emulsion coatings such as are applied in accordance with our invention may be tested for repellency spots or coating defects by exposing the coating to a carbon arc light which light points out the emulsion having darkened coated areas and emphasizing the bare repellency spots.
- the number of spots counted in a given area as compared with the spots obtained when treating standard coatings in this manner gives an indication of the repellency present in the coating being tested.
- the step which comprises adding to the gelatin coating composition a watersoluble maleopimarate salt in the proportion of 0.1 to 1 gram per pound of coating composition.
- a. method of applying coatings to a support in which an aqueous dispersion of gelatin is applied as a thin layer to the support the step which comprises adding to the gelatin coating composition a coating aid the major proportion of which is sodium maleopimarate.
- the step which comprises adding to the gelatin coating composition prior to applying to the surface a small proportionof a mixture of a water-soluble maleopimarate and the hydrolyzed-reaction product of an alkyl aryloxy polyethoxy ethanol and an isocyanate ester.
- a composition comprising an aqueous solution of gelatin containing therein a surface active agent the major proportion of which surface active agent is a watersoluble maleopimarate.
- composition of matter comprising an aqueous solution of gelatin containing as a coating aid therein a small proportion of a mixture of sodium maleopimarate and N- (carbo-p-tert-octylphenoxypentaethoxy) -glutamate.
- a photographic product comprising a support having thereon a layer of gelatin containing an alkali metal j maleopimarate.
- a photographic'product comprising a supporthaving thereon a layer of a gelatin-silver halide emulsion containing an alkali metal maleopimarate.
- a photographicproduct comprising film base having thereon a layer of a gelatin-silver halide emulsion containing an alkali metal maleopimarate.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE553743D BE553743A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1955-12-29 | ||
| US556044A US2823123A (en) | 1955-12-29 | 1955-12-29 | Coating out of gelatin layers |
| GB38184/56A GB854087A (en) | 1955-12-29 | 1956-12-14 | Improvements in coating out aqueous gelatin compositions including gelatin-silver halide emulsions |
| FR1169640D FR1169640A (fr) | 1955-12-29 | 1956-12-29 | Procédé de couchage de compositions contenant de la gélatine et nouveaux produitspour sa mise en oeuvre |
| DEE13446A DE1053927B (de) | 1955-12-29 | 1956-12-29 | Verfahren zum Aufbringen von gelatinehaltigen Schichten |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US556044A US2823123A (en) | 1955-12-29 | 1955-12-29 | Coating out of gelatin layers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2823123A true US2823123A (en) | 1958-02-11 |
Family
ID=24219665
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US556044A Expired - Lifetime US2823123A (en) | 1955-12-29 | 1955-12-29 | Coating out of gelatin layers |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2823123A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BE (1) | BE553743A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE1053927B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR1169640A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB854087A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2944902A (en) * | 1956-07-30 | 1960-07-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Sensitization of photographic emulsions with ionic polyalkylene oxide salts |
| US2992108A (en) * | 1957-10-21 | 1961-07-11 | Eastman Kodak Co | Gelatin coating compositions |
| US3026202A (en) * | 1958-08-07 | 1962-03-20 | Eastman Kodak Co | Gelatin coating compositions |
| US3038804A (en) * | 1956-07-30 | 1962-06-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Coating aids for gelatin compositions |
| US3157506A (en) * | 1957-11-08 | 1964-11-17 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic film base subbed with acid-cooked pigskin gelatin |
| US3165409A (en) * | 1962-02-07 | 1965-01-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Derivatives of certain highly branched chain acids as coating aids |
| US3169870A (en) * | 1961-12-04 | 1965-02-16 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic gelatin layers containing the salts of various alkyl and alkenyl succinamates as coating aids |
| US3227571A (en) * | 1961-07-10 | 1966-01-04 | Eastman Kodak Co | Carboxymethylated and acylated, carboxymethylated gelatins for peptization of baryta |
| US3392194A (en) * | 1963-09-19 | 1968-07-09 | Ici Ltd | Alpha-aryloxyisobutyramide derivatives and the corresponding arylthio and arylsulphonyl compounds |
| US3437485A (en) * | 1965-06-22 | 1969-04-08 | Eastman Kodak Co | Gelatin coating compositions containing a mixture of an acetylenic ethylene oxide derivative and an anionic surface active agent |
| US3516844A (en) * | 1966-07-28 | 1970-06-23 | Eastman Kodak Co | Coating of gelatin silver halide photographic emulsions |
| EP0112162A2 (en) | 1982-12-13 | 1984-06-27 | Konica Corporation | Light-sensitive silver halide photographic material |
| US4510233A (en) * | 1982-05-28 | 1985-04-09 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Antistatic agent containing silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials |
| US4518354A (en) * | 1982-05-21 | 1985-05-21 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials with antistatic layer containing nonionic surface active agent |
| US6071688A (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-06-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Providing additives to a coating composition by vaporization |
| US7250202B1 (en) | 1998-06-18 | 2007-07-31 | Ilford Imaging Ch Gmbh | Recording sheets for ink jet printing |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2713539A (en) * | 1951-02-14 | 1955-07-19 | Eastman Kodak Co | Manufacture of high wet strength paper |
-
0
- BE BE553743D patent/BE553743A/xx unknown
-
1955
- 1955-12-29 US US556044A patent/US2823123A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1956
- 1956-12-14 GB GB38184/56A patent/GB854087A/en not_active Expired
- 1956-12-29 DE DEE13446A patent/DE1053927B/de active Pending
- 1956-12-29 FR FR1169640D patent/FR1169640A/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2713539A (en) * | 1951-02-14 | 1955-07-19 | Eastman Kodak Co | Manufacture of high wet strength paper |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2944902A (en) * | 1956-07-30 | 1960-07-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Sensitization of photographic emulsions with ionic polyalkylene oxide salts |
| US3038804A (en) * | 1956-07-30 | 1962-06-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Coating aids for gelatin compositions |
| US2992108A (en) * | 1957-10-21 | 1961-07-11 | Eastman Kodak Co | Gelatin coating compositions |
| US3157506A (en) * | 1957-11-08 | 1964-11-17 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic film base subbed with acid-cooked pigskin gelatin |
| US3026202A (en) * | 1958-08-07 | 1962-03-20 | Eastman Kodak Co | Gelatin coating compositions |
| US3227571A (en) * | 1961-07-10 | 1966-01-04 | Eastman Kodak Co | Carboxymethylated and acylated, carboxymethylated gelatins for peptization of baryta |
| US3169870A (en) * | 1961-12-04 | 1965-02-16 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic gelatin layers containing the salts of various alkyl and alkenyl succinamates as coating aids |
| US3165409A (en) * | 1962-02-07 | 1965-01-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Derivatives of certain highly branched chain acids as coating aids |
| US3392194A (en) * | 1963-09-19 | 1968-07-09 | Ici Ltd | Alpha-aryloxyisobutyramide derivatives and the corresponding arylthio and arylsulphonyl compounds |
| US3437485A (en) * | 1965-06-22 | 1969-04-08 | Eastman Kodak Co | Gelatin coating compositions containing a mixture of an acetylenic ethylene oxide derivative and an anionic surface active agent |
| US3516844A (en) * | 1966-07-28 | 1970-06-23 | Eastman Kodak Co | Coating of gelatin silver halide photographic emulsions |
| US4518354A (en) * | 1982-05-21 | 1985-05-21 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials with antistatic layer containing nonionic surface active agent |
| US4510233A (en) * | 1982-05-28 | 1985-04-09 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Antistatic agent containing silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials |
| EP0112162A2 (en) | 1982-12-13 | 1984-06-27 | Konica Corporation | Light-sensitive silver halide photographic material |
| US7250202B1 (en) | 1998-06-18 | 2007-07-31 | Ilford Imaging Ch Gmbh | Recording sheets for ink jet printing |
| US6071688A (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-06-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Providing additives to a coating composition by vaporization |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB854087A (en) | 1960-11-16 |
| BE553743A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | |
| DE1053927B (de) | 1959-03-26 |
| FR1169640A (fr) | 1958-12-31 |
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