US2809364A - Electrical connections - Google Patents

Electrical connections Download PDF

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Publication number
US2809364A
US2809364A US431740A US43174054A US2809364A US 2809364 A US2809364 A US 2809364A US 431740 A US431740 A US 431740A US 43174054 A US43174054 A US 43174054A US 2809364 A US2809364 A US 2809364A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
connector
conductor
wire
metal
connection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US431740A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bernard J Mescan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TE Connectivity Corp
Original Assignee
AMP Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE538345D priority Critical patent/BE538345A/xx
Priority to NL197208D priority patent/NL197208A/xx
Priority to NL94191D priority patent/NL94191C/xx
Application filed by AMP Inc filed Critical AMP Inc
Priority to US431740A priority patent/US2809364A/en
Priority to DEA22668A priority patent/DE1117193B/de
Priority to GB14618/55A priority patent/GB800404A/en
Priority to CH335731D priority patent/CH335731A/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2809364A publication Critical patent/US2809364A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/10Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
    • H01R4/18Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
    • H01R4/183Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section
    • H01R4/184Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section comprising a U-shaped wire-receiving portion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/40Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B13/00Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
    • B29B13/06Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by drying
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D71/00Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/02Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
    • C08J3/09Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids
    • C08J3/091Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids characterised by the chemical constitution of the organic liquid
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/06Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from viscose
    • D01F2/08Composition of the spinning solution or the bath
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/06Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from viscose
    • D01F2/08Composition of the spinning solution or the bath
    • D01F2/10Addition to the spinning solution or spinning bath of substances which exert their effect equally well in either
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/02Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D01F6/18Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/02Heating arrangements using combustion heating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/04Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for forming connections by deformation, e.g. crimping tool
    • H01R43/058Crimping mandrels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2333/00Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2333/18Homopolymers or copolymers of nitriles
    • C08J2333/20Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field ofelectrical connections and electrical connectors and the .methods and means for making same. More particularly, the invention pertains to solderless, pressure forged (or 'crimped) connections wherein the connector firmly encloses the conductor to such an extent and in such a manner that a superior electrical connection results.
  • a solid conductor is difiicult to crimp and compress compared to a stranded conductor into which connector prongs may be driven and which can be readily formed into many more configurations than can a solid conductor. Due to the rigidity and relative inelasticity of a-solid conductor,
  • the invention here presented opens up new uses and possibilities for solid wire particularly with nontubular conductorreceiving barrels.
  • This invention takes advantage of the peculiar properties of solid'wire to make a firm connection by forcing solid wire up through "an opening in the connector barrel during the crimping operation.
  • This Wire metal provides a rigid-projection the sides of which-are pressed against the edges of the opening in the connector barrel and due to the characteristics of a solid wire, this pressure is relatively unyielding, fastly fixing the connector to the wire.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective fragmentary view of the conductor and connector
  • Figure 2 shows a fragmentary plan view of a die for crimping a connection embodying this invention
  • Figure 3 is a cross section of Figure 2 taken on line 3-3;
  • Figure 4 is a fragmentary view in perspective showing a connection of this invention being crimped in an anvil and die of this invention
  • Figure 5 is a cutaway plan view of a connection being crimped in an anvil and die of this invention.
  • Figure 6 is a cross sectional View taken at 6-6 of Figure 1;
  • Figure 7 is a cross sectional view taken at 7-7 of Figure 1;
  • Figure 8 is a fragmentary perspective view of a strip of terminals such asmay be used in making a connection as shown in Figure 1.
  • I11 Figure 1 is shown a completed connection embodying principles of this invention.
  • Barrel 21 may take many forms but here is made from a flat piece of metal stock which has ears 22, 23 Ued up and formed about the conductor in the manner set forth in Hammell application, Serial No. 410,250, filed February 25, 1954.
  • the dies used in the illustrative form herein are similar to the dies in the Hammell application with the exception that dies incorporating the present invention have a hollow or groove, such as flute 25 in Figures 2 and 3 and slot 26 in Figure 4.
  • wire and connector metal will flow into these depressions in the dies and wire metal will provide a lock by exerting pressure against the connector metal edges, such as connector edges 31, 32 shown in Figure 5.
  • wire metal is squeezed from the pressure areas to the ends of the connector and towards'the center of the connector where the reliefs have started to form.
  • the metal is pushed from each pressure area towards the center at the same time so that metal is forced into the relief area from all directions simultaneously making the contact between the metal and connection edges 31, 32, shown in figure, extremely tight. This is more effective than crimp ing one area and then another.
  • the wire metal in the compressed areas on either side of the reliefs is work hardened during the crimping operation and therefore does not substantially spring back away from firm contact with the connector.
  • these Work hardened areas are utilized to hold the extruded wire metal in its position, tight against the connector edges.
  • the work hardened metal forms a hard ring around the extruded portion, which is still resilient and in compression, keeping it in position so that it will not work free.
  • this invention isdesigned to utilize a previously undesirable property. 7
  • the metal used in the connector is full hard, fine grain, 7030 cartridge brass.
  • the wire is light annealed ASTM designation B3-5ZT. These metal properties may of course be varied.
  • Figures 2, 3 and 4 Two'of the many possible dies used to form the connection of this invention are shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4.
  • Figure 2 is shown a fragmentary plan view of a known type ,of die but'with the center portion fluted.
  • This die is relatively inexpensive to make and very sturdyl
  • this particular die has a clearance between the tangent of the top of die arcs and the top of the flute of about .030 inch while the distance across both die arcs is about .130 inch;
  • the depth of the flute is about .050 inch and the depth of the die (also the length of the crimp) is .187 inch.
  • the flute in this embodiment is centered in the die depth.
  • the are that defines the top of the flute has a radius of about 7 inch.
  • the die shown in Figure 4 has the same dimensions as that shown in Figures 2 and 3 with the exception that the flute is extended to become a slot the entire width of the die.
  • the end of the connector nearer the wire insulation is bell mouthed to relieve strain on the wire by gradually going from an area of great pressure to one of slight pressure on the wire.
  • the extruded portion of the wire in the center of the crimp is covered with connector reliefs 37, 38 which serve to protect the wire metal but even without such coverings, the connection would stand up well under corrosive conditions because the crimp on either side of the extruded wire metal is tight enough to prevent water or other matter from entering.
  • relief 37 is shown to overlap relief 33. Since the reliefs start to form about the time or slightly before the ends of the Ued up sides reach the top of the die arcs, the edges of the relief have been separated from said sides by the time they meet near the completion of the crimpin stroke. At this point one relief edge will slide over the other with a resultant cross section as shown in Figure 6.
  • An electrical connection comprising a connector having an elongated base and sidewalls extending from said base, a conductor disposed along said base, said sidewalls being tightly folded about said conductor with the ends thereof meeting in a longitudinal furrow in the connection, anintermediate relief in the connector extending transversely across said folded sidewalls, metal of the conductor extending into said relief and in forceful engagement with the transverse edges of the connector at the relief for firmly securing the conductor within the connector.
  • connection as defined in claim 1 wherein the portions of the connector sidewalls defining said relief are at least in part raised above the unrelieved sidewalls sufiiciently to form an opening through the connection, said unrelieved sidewalls presenting at said opening transverse faces substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said conductor.
  • the method of forming a U-shaped connector about an electrical conductor to produce a pressure connection including the steps of: disposing the conductor along the trough of the connector, folding the end portions of the sidewalls of the U inwardly to form a ferrule generally encompassing the conductor, displacing two longitudinally spaced sections of the sidewalls inwardly of the ferrule from an intermediate relief section therebetween to form at the section'boundaries transverse faces extending across the end portions of the sidewalls and substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the conductor, and compressing the spaced sections tightly about the conductor relatively to raise an intermediate section of con with the transverse faces of the spaced sections.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
US431740A 1954-05-24 1954-05-24 Electrical connections Expired - Lifetime US2809364A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE538345D BE538345A (en(2012)) 1954-05-24
NL197208D NL197208A (en(2012)) 1954-05-24
NL94191D NL94191C (en(2012)) 1954-05-24
US431740A US2809364A (en) 1954-05-24 1954-05-24 Electrical connections
DEA22668A DE1117193B (de) 1954-05-24 1955-05-12 Elektrische Presshuelsen-Verbindung und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung der Verbindung
GB14618/55A GB800404A (en) 1954-05-24 1955-05-20 Improvements in or relating to electrical connections and to methods and means for making same
CH335731D CH335731A (de) 1954-05-24 1955-05-24 Elektrischer Leiter mit einer mit ihm verbundenen Metallblechzwinge und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US431740A US2809364A (en) 1954-05-24 1954-05-24 Electrical connections

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2809364A true US2809364A (en) 1957-10-08

Family

ID=23713217

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US431740A Expired - Lifetime US2809364A (en) 1954-05-24 1954-05-24 Electrical connections

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2809364A (en(2012))
BE (1) BE538345A (en(2012))
CH (1) CH335731A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE1117193B (en(2012))
GB (1) GB800404A (en(2012))
NL (2) NL197208A (en(2012))

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1119362B (de) * 1957-01-10 1961-12-14 Burndy Corp Verfahren zum Anschlagen eines Kabelschuhes od. dgl. und Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens
US3241098A (en) * 1965-04-02 1966-03-15 Amp Inc Pre-insulated electrical connector and dies for applying same

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006045567A1 (de) * 2006-09-25 2008-04-24 Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh Crimpstabilisierung
DE102012216780B4 (de) * 2012-09-19 2015-03-26 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Alterungsbeständige Crimpverbindung

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH212921A (de) * 1942-04-13 1940-12-31 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Verfahren zur lötfreien Befestigung von Metallhülsen auf Kabelenden.
US2276140A (en) * 1940-04-18 1942-03-10 Artos Engineering Co Conductor terminal
US2327650A (en) * 1940-01-04 1943-08-24 Nat Telephone Supply Co Wire connecting sleeve
US2382292A (en) * 1943-06-29 1945-08-14 Aircraft Marine Prod Inc Tool for making electrical connections
US2396913A (en) * 1944-07-15 1946-03-19 Aircraft Marine Prod Inc Apparatus for severing and crimping electrical connectors
US2639754A (en) * 1945-03-03 1953-05-26 Aircraft Marine Prod Inc Tool for crimping ferrules
US2645760A (en) * 1951-05-31 1953-07-14 Gem Electric Mfg Company Inc Blade engageable electric connector

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2272244A (en) * 1940-01-04 1942-02-10 Nat Telephone Supply Co Sleeve and method of connecting a wire to same
US2327651A (en) * 1941-12-15 1943-08-24 Nat Telephone Supply Co Tap-off connecting device
US2375741A (en) * 1942-01-17 1945-05-08 Dibner Bern Method of connecting a sleeve to a wire
GB622284A (en) * 1945-07-06 1949-04-29 Aircraft Marine Prod Inc Electrical connector and method of manufacturing the same
US2576528A (en) * 1948-08-07 1951-11-27 Burndy Engineering Co Inc Connector with hard particle lining
BE522982A (en(2012)) 1952-09-24

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2327650A (en) * 1940-01-04 1943-08-24 Nat Telephone Supply Co Wire connecting sleeve
US2276140A (en) * 1940-04-18 1942-03-10 Artos Engineering Co Conductor terminal
CH212921A (de) * 1942-04-13 1940-12-31 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Verfahren zur lötfreien Befestigung von Metallhülsen auf Kabelenden.
US2382292A (en) * 1943-06-29 1945-08-14 Aircraft Marine Prod Inc Tool for making electrical connections
US2396913A (en) * 1944-07-15 1946-03-19 Aircraft Marine Prod Inc Apparatus for severing and crimping electrical connectors
US2639754A (en) * 1945-03-03 1953-05-26 Aircraft Marine Prod Inc Tool for crimping ferrules
US2645760A (en) * 1951-05-31 1953-07-14 Gem Electric Mfg Company Inc Blade engageable electric connector

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1119362B (de) * 1957-01-10 1961-12-14 Burndy Corp Verfahren zum Anschlagen eines Kabelschuhes od. dgl. und Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens
US3241098A (en) * 1965-04-02 1966-03-15 Amp Inc Pre-insulated electrical connector and dies for applying same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH335731A (de) 1959-01-31
NL94191C (en(2012))
NL197208A (en(2012))
GB800404A (en) 1958-08-27
DE1117193B (de) 1961-11-16
BE538345A (en(2012))

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