US2782136A - Process for the production of a hard metal of increased toughness - Google Patents

Process for the production of a hard metal of increased toughness Download PDF

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Publication number
US2782136A
US2782136A US262883A US26288351A US2782136A US 2782136 A US2782136 A US 2782136A US 262883 A US262883 A US 262883A US 26288351 A US26288351 A US 26288351A US 2782136 A US2782136 A US 2782136A
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United States
Prior art keywords
hard
hard metal
toughness
production
metal
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US262883A
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English (en)
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Berg Victor
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor

Definitions

  • Hard metals used for machining are required to possess a high toughness in addition to a high hardness mostly exceeding 1500 Vickers DPH units.
  • Several methods have already been proposed to enhance the toughness of hard metals. Such are methods of alloying, e. g. the partial substitution of titanium carbide by the carbides of niobium and tantalum in hard metals composed of tungsten carbide and titanium carbide or an increase in the amount of auxiliary metal added, which, however, may be used to a certain limit only without decreasing the hardness to a disadvantageous extent.
  • Another method of increasing the toughness comprises the use of two or more grain sizes of hard component instead of a uniformly fine grain, by these means increasing the thickness of the films of auxiliary metal between the individual grains of the hard component.
  • This method has, however, equally limitations as an excessive increase of these films leads to a decrease of the hardness even without increasing the amount of auxiliary metal present.
  • extensive investigations in each individual case are required to establish the method of production and the composition of the hard metal best suited.
  • the present invention proposes an additional method of increasing the toughness of hard metals. Whereas it was hitherto thought impossible to influence the properties of hard metals by heat treatment, a close study of the phenomena occurring during cooling from the sintering temperature revealed that the toughness of the auxiliary metal phase was by no means unchangeable. This, however, is of course of extreme importance for the toughness of the hard metal.
  • the auxiliary metal phase hard components as e. g. the carbides of tungsten, titaniurn etc. are dissolved during sintering. These may be caused to precipitate by a suitable heat treatment. Under conditions of cooling from sintering temperature normally prevailing this precipitation is not complete and considerable amounts of hard components such as carbides remain dissolved in the binder phase and increase the hardness with simultaneously decreasing its toughness.
  • the heat treatment to follow the sintering process according to the present invention intended to precipitate the dissolved hard components out of the binder phase consists in annealing at temperatures between 600 and "ice i000 C., preferably between 800 and 900 C. for 2 to 10'hours.
  • the hardness of the binder phase normally attains approximately RC units whereas the hardness has decreased to 38 RC after annealing for 2 hours at a temperature of 900 C.
  • the progress of heat treatment can be determined by measuring the amount of alteration of the specific magnetisation of the cobalt, the specific magnetisation amounting to approximately in the as sintered and without heat treatment state and exceeding cgs. units after the heat treatment according to the present invention.
  • the heat treatment of the present invention can be favourably applied to hard metals having an increased toughness obtained by grading the grain size of the hard component in a known Way. It should, however, be remembered that a binder phase of decreased hardness and increased toughness will be obtained, consequently it will mostly be suitable to consider this fact prior to selecting the grain size.
  • the grain size of the hard component should preferably consist of a fine portion of a grain size of 0.5 to 2 and a coarse portion of 2 to 5 the respective amounts being selected in the ratio of 1:3 to 3:1. 7

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
US262883A 1950-12-27 1951-12-21 Process for the production of a hard metal of increased toughness Expired - Lifetime US2782136A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT702101X 1950-12-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2782136A true US2782136A (en) 1957-02-19

Family

ID=3679467

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US262883A Expired - Lifetime US2782136A (en) 1950-12-27 1951-12-21 Process for the production of a hard metal of increased toughness

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2782136A (no)
BE (1) BE508041A (no)
DE (1) DE915987C (no)
FR (1) FR1047293A (no)
GB (1) GB702101A (no)
NL (1) NL85264C (no)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3141768A (en) * 1958-01-13 1964-07-21 Armco Steel Corp Abrasive grinding balls and method of manufacturing same

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2066515A (en) * 1934-07-06 1937-01-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Method of heat treating magnetic materials
US2285909A (en) * 1939-05-20 1942-06-09 Gen Electric Cutting and grinding tools
US2313070A (en) * 1940-06-22 1943-03-09 Mallory & Co Inc P R Metal composition
US2349052A (en) * 1941-12-15 1944-05-16 Joseph O Ollier Manufacture of cemented hard metals, in particular for tool elements
US2486576A (en) * 1946-04-13 1949-11-01 Crucible Steel Company Heat-treatment of cobalt base alloys and products

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR756523A (fr) * 1932-09-05 1933-12-11 Cie Lorraine De Charbons Pour Perfectionnements à la fabrication des alliages durs frittés pour outils de coupe et emplois similaires
CH162520A (de) * 1933-01-17 1933-06-30 Wolfram & Molybdaen A G Verfahren zur Herstellung harter Werkzeuge.

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2066515A (en) * 1934-07-06 1937-01-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Method of heat treating magnetic materials
US2285909A (en) * 1939-05-20 1942-06-09 Gen Electric Cutting and grinding tools
US2313070A (en) * 1940-06-22 1943-03-09 Mallory & Co Inc P R Metal composition
US2349052A (en) * 1941-12-15 1944-05-16 Joseph O Ollier Manufacture of cemented hard metals, in particular for tool elements
US2486576A (en) * 1946-04-13 1949-11-01 Crucible Steel Company Heat-treatment of cobalt base alloys and products

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB702101A (en) 1954-01-06
FR1047293A (fr) 1953-12-14
BE508041A (no)
NL85264C (no)
DE915987C (de) 1954-08-02

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