US2738552A - Device for decorticating bast fiber material - Google Patents

Device for decorticating bast fiber material Download PDF

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Publication number
US2738552A
US2738552A US171674A US17167450A US2738552A US 2738552 A US2738552 A US 2738552A US 171674 A US171674 A US 171674A US 17167450 A US17167450 A US 17167450A US 2738552 A US2738552 A US 2738552A
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United States
Prior art keywords
knives
beating
stripping
knife
fiber material
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Expired - Lifetime
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US171674A
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English (en)
Inventor
Selling Hendrik Johannes
Bok Cornelis
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NOVIVLAS NV
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NOVIVLAS NV
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Publication date
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
    • D01B1/22—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating with crushing or breaking rollers or plates

Definitions

  • .zflheaobi'ect. ofitthe invention is to provideanapparatus totnarry'outithiszprocess. :i
  • Thesapparatus-according: to: the invention comprises operating -units, :-each consisting? of a: beating knife-wand one or more'stripping knives,- said r beating. :kniveseand said strippingknife.
  • Figs.- 1-4 showethe;.units.diagrammatically. inuvarious working; positions in aicrQss-section perpendicular to the plane in which .the,:sta.lks..are, spread.
  • Eig..13. shows a-crossesection oftwooperating units with resilientlymounted accumulating knives.
  • numeral 1 represents one ofithemstalks to. betreated which ismoved in a suitable but; not. in. anyoparticular; way .in a direction substantiallyperpendicular. to theplane of the drawing. .Inthe embodiment. shown, themovement. of the stalks is caused by a couple of endless conveyor belts 2 and 3,between 1 which the. stalks. 1.,are, .clamped during thetransport through the operating: units.
  • a beating knife 4 forms witha. pairof stripping;.,knives 5 and, 6 anoperatingor working nnithMOneither-side of,-the working ,unitsthe gatheringknives 7 are...arranged.
  • Anupward and dQW-Ih ward. .movement .isin.v ansuitable way-communicated.
  • eccentrics 42 and 42' are respectively keyed to the shaft 41 as clearly indicated in the drawing in such a way that the beating knives and the gathering knives will reciprocate, respectively, in opposite direction upon rotation of the shaft 41.
  • the eccentricity of the eccentrics 42 and 42' may be the same or different, depending on the stroke respectively desired for the beating or gathering knives.
  • Fig. 1 shows the moment that the still untreated stalk has just reached the working units. Beating knives 4 and accumulating knives 7 are situated above the plane in which the stalks are spread and stalk 1 is therefore lying free and is supported by stripping knives 5, 6.
  • Fig. 2 shows a consecutive position of treatment.
  • Accumulating knives 7, which just as the beating knives 4 execute a forced movement, are here in a lower position and have drawn a certain length of the stalk between the working units.
  • Fig. 3 shows the moment at which the beating knives 4 in their downward movement just touch the stalk 1 to be treated. At this moment the direction in which the accumulating knives 7 are moving is already reversed and therefore they are no longer in their lowest position.
  • the working units are arranged with respect to the conveying device in such a way that the whole length of the stalk is successively subjected to the said treatment.
  • Fig. shows the principle of the method.
  • a stalk is shown during the treatment by beating and stripping knives.
  • the stalk 1 is composed of the bast layer 8 in which the fibre bundles are lying and of the In the core of this ligneous tube is the pith cavity 10'.
  • the stalk is supported by stripping knife 5 and, at the downward movement of the beating knife 4, is moving in the direction of the beating knife.
  • the woody core 9, which has a much greater rigidity than the bast layer 8, would keep moving in its longitudinal direction as indicated in broken lines at 12but'for the presence of the 4 flank of the beating knife 11 and would, but for this knife, break through the bast layer, thus damaging the fibres.
  • the lateral face of the knife 11 forces the stem to bend together with the woody core 9, which is buckled in the process.
  • the bending of the stem around the stripping knife 5 and the resilient lateral pressure exerted by said knife and the beating knife 11 thereupon cause the stems to flatten and the woody core to split lengthwise.
  • a cross-section of a stem is shown in the process of flattening, and in Fig. 7 this cross-section is shown after the stem has been pinched between the knives 5 and 11.
  • the stem is entirely flattened and the bast layer 8 is separated lengthwise in the parts 15 and 17 while core 16 is flattened and broken.
  • the buckling of the woody core 9 causes fractures as indicated by the numerals 13 in Fig. 5. This destroys the rigidity of the core, but does not separate it into short particles.
  • the cohesion is broken locally at 19 at the circumference 18 of the beating knife 4.
  • the ligneous particles 20 produced in this way are now lying completely loose and may be removed in a suitable manner without fear for damage.
  • Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of a resilient beating knife.
  • the heating knife is provided with a plate spring 21 connected thereto.
  • the stripping knives may be rigid since the spring 21 provides resilient knife flanks which are capable of yielding in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the beating movement of the knives.
  • the stripping knives 5 and 6 shown in Fig. 9 are connected to levers 23 and 24, rotatable around an axis 22 at the ends of which levers draw springs 25 and 26 engage. Stops 27 and 28 limit the stroke of the levers in one direction, so that between the knives 5 and 6 there is always sufficient room to enable the beating knife to enter. Of course it is possible to control the force with which the knives 5 and 6 press against the stem, e. g. by rendering the end 29 of the springs 25 and 26 adjustable in and upand downward direction.
  • Fig. 10 shows the arrangement of a couple of stripping knives 5 and 6, rigidly fixed to a U-shaped leaf spring 30.
  • the channel formed by the spring 30, is substantially closed, and may be advantageously connected to an exhauster for the removal of the ligneous particles or chaffs which, are separated from the stalks and fall into said channel.
  • Fig. 11 shows another embodiment of the stripping knives.
  • the stripping knives consist here of two separate and fixedly arranged plate springs 31 and 32 of a suitable shape. By rendering stops 33 and 34 adjustable in an upand downward direction the possibility to control the force of compression on the stalk is created.
  • Fig. 12 shows an embodiment in which the stripping knives of two adjoining working units are driven in twos by the compression springs 35.
  • the stripping knives are mounted to oscillate about axes 36 and 37, whilst stops 39 and 38 limit the stroke.
  • Fig. 13 shows a modified arrangement of the accumulating knives.
  • these knives 7 are now mounted on suitable compression springs 40, the upper ends whereof are secured to non-moving suitable supports, which e. g. may be a part of the apparatus-frame.
  • the length of the stroke and the resilience of the springs 40 are chosen in such a way, that the lower ends of the accumulating knives 7 are situated, as shown in Fig. 13, below the tops of the stripping knives 5 and 6, drawing thereby a certain length of the material to be treated between the work units.
  • the springs carrying at one end the gathering knives will have to be secured at their other ends either to stationary supports, which may, for instance, be a part of the apparatus frame, or of the stripping knives.
  • an operating unit comprising in combination, at least one elongated flat beater element having a rounded working edge; at least one elongated flat stripping element having a rounded working edge extending substantially parallel to said working edge of said beater element, one of said elements being reciprocably movable relative to the other element in a plane parallel to the plane in which said said elements so as to cause resilient engagement between beater element, one of said elements being reciprocably movable relative to the other element in a plane parallel to the plane in which said other element is located from a spaced position to an overlapping position in which opposite lateral faces of said element partly overlap, resilient means associated with at least one of said elements and adapted to cause resilient engagement of said elements in said overlapping position thereof; a flat elongated reciprocable gathering member located intermediate said two operating units and adapted to engage while moving in one direction fiber material extending between said two working units and to gather a predetermined length of fiber material between said operating units when said elements of the same are in spaced position, and

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
US171674A 1949-07-27 1950-07-01 Device for decorticating bast fiber material Expired - Lifetime US2738552A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2738552X 1949-07-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2738552A true US2738552A (en) 1956-03-20

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ID=19875518

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US171674A Expired - Lifetime US2738552A (en) 1949-07-27 1950-07-01 Device for decorticating bast fiber material

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US2738552A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE497219A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE882134C (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR1022949A (en, 2012)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996006962A3 (en) * 1994-08-31 1996-05-02 Ceskomoravsk Len A S Method and device for releasing of long fibers from the stems of plant materials
US20220056618A1 (en) * 2020-08-24 2022-02-24 David G.P. BEAVEN Method and apparatus for decorticating plant stalks

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1043575A (en) * 1911-05-16 1912-11-05 Max Einstein Process for obtaining the bast from ramie-stalks and from kindred plants.
US1213750A (en) * 1916-03-20 1917-01-23 John William Crain Hemp-brake.
US1950403A (en) * 1929-10-11 1934-03-13 Jim A Grant Scutching and cleaning machine
US2116997A (en) * 1937-03-17 1938-05-10 Lape David E Dc Machine for breaking and decorticating bast fibers
US2130352A (en) * 1934-08-30 1938-09-20 Martin Hill Ittner Method of and apparatus for threshing and decorticating plant stalks
GB535060A (en) * 1938-10-03 1941-03-27 Kurt Frische An improved machine for the removal of the woody matter from the stems of plants, more particularly from rough flax
US2355999A (en) * 1941-02-20 1944-08-15 Bast Fiber Dev Corp Process for decorticating ramie and other bast fibers
US2412445A (en) * 1943-01-07 1946-12-10 Carl J Delegard Apparatus for decorticating fibers

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE674363C (de) * 1937-06-13 1939-04-13 Igo Etrich Brechmaschine fuer Bastfaser-, insbesondere Flachs- und Hanfstengel
DE712508C (de) * 1938-10-04 1941-10-21 Kurt Frische Maschine zur Gewinnung verspinnbarer Fasern aus Flachsstengeln unter Verwendung schwingender Brechleisten
DE741794C (de) * 1941-02-08 1943-11-17 Kurt Frische Maschine zur Gewinnung verspinnbarer Fasern aus Flachsstengeln unter Verwendung schwingender Brechleisten

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1043575A (en) * 1911-05-16 1912-11-05 Max Einstein Process for obtaining the bast from ramie-stalks and from kindred plants.
US1213750A (en) * 1916-03-20 1917-01-23 John William Crain Hemp-brake.
US1950403A (en) * 1929-10-11 1934-03-13 Jim A Grant Scutching and cleaning machine
US2130352A (en) * 1934-08-30 1938-09-20 Martin Hill Ittner Method of and apparatus for threshing and decorticating plant stalks
US2116997A (en) * 1937-03-17 1938-05-10 Lape David E Dc Machine for breaking and decorticating bast fibers
GB535060A (en) * 1938-10-03 1941-03-27 Kurt Frische An improved machine for the removal of the woody matter from the stems of plants, more particularly from rough flax
US2355999A (en) * 1941-02-20 1944-08-15 Bast Fiber Dev Corp Process for decorticating ramie and other bast fibers
US2412445A (en) * 1943-01-07 1946-12-10 Carl J Delegard Apparatus for decorticating fibers

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996006962A3 (en) * 1994-08-31 1996-05-02 Ceskomoravsk Len A S Method and device for releasing of long fibers from the stems of plant materials
US20220056618A1 (en) * 2020-08-24 2022-02-24 David G.P. BEAVEN Method and apparatus for decorticating plant stalks
US12188154B2 (en) * 2020-08-24 2025-01-07 David G. P. Beaven Method and apparatus for decorticating plant stalks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1022949A (fr) 1953-03-11
DE882134C (de) 1953-07-06
BE497219A (en, 2012)

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