US2729576A - Method of dry cleaning fabric and simultaneously rendering the same antistatic - Google Patents

Method of dry cleaning fabric and simultaneously rendering the same antistatic Download PDF

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Publication number
US2729576A
US2729576A US383003A US38300353A US2729576A US 2729576 A US2729576 A US 2729576A US 383003 A US383003 A US 383003A US 38300353 A US38300353 A US 38300353A US 2729576 A US2729576 A US 2729576A
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dry cleaning
fabric
dry
antistatic
fabrics
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Ralf B Trusler
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Davies Young Soap Co
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Davies Young Soap Co
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Priority to US383003A priority patent/US2729576A/en
Priority to GB1619/54A priority patent/GB754441A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
    • D06M13/282—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing phosphorus
    • D06M13/292—Mono-, di- or triesters of phosphoric or phosphorous acids; Salts thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
    • D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
    • D06L1/04—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents combined with specific additives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S260/00—Chemistry of carbon compounds
    • Y10S260/15—Antistatic agents not otherwise provided for
    • Y10S260/16—Antistatic agents containing a metal, silicon, boron or phosphorus

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved method of and compositions for cleaning fibrous and non-fibrous materials. More particularly, the invention relates to improved methods of dry cleaning fibrous materials and for cleaning and polishing non-fibrous materials such as plastic or resin massive molded objects, and to the new compositions for use in these operations.
  • the media conventionally used in dry cleaning are non-aqueous and non-conductive. Textiles washed in such solvents are in a dry state and because of this the friction created by rubbing of the garments or the like against themselves or against the moving chamber of the washer, produces so much frictional electricity that sparks may jump between the oppositely charged components of the system. This source of static electricity has actually been the cause of fires in dry cleaning houses. A more common and troublesome result of this electrical charge developed by and upon the fabric is the tendency of lint or of the clarification powder used in some dry cleaning processes to become firmly adhered to the fabric.
  • lint from the wool garment will migrate to and become firmly fixed on the nylon fabric to remain affixed thereto through the complete cleaning cycle including the drying and finishing stages.
  • the differently colored lint can only be removed from the fabric to which it is bonded by electrostatic forces by vigorous brushing which may be harmful to the garment. Even with vigorous brushing, it is often very diificult to remove all of the lint.
  • the pressed, finished garments may become electrified by frictional contact with each other when they are hung side by side on the delivery line and pick up lint, dust or other extraneous matter before the operator has an opportunity to put the garments in separate protective paper bags or other wrappers or containers.
  • water-soluble anti-statics depend on their capacity to pick up and retain moisture which renders them conductive.
  • the water-soluble antistatic agents of the types mentioned are only temporarily or partially effective, even if it is safe to apply them in the aqueous carrier to the given fabric being dry cleaned, and do not impose or induce on the fabrics sufficient conductivity to accomplish the objectives of this invention as set forth hereinbelow.
  • This problem of electrostatic charge accumulation is not confined to fibrous materials. It occurs when the surfaces of shaped, or molded articles are cleaned or polished, mechanically or by hand-brushing or rubbing, with dry cleaning compositions. The cleaning or polishing operation may leave a charged surface which is highly attractive to dust, soil, lint and the like.
  • One object of this invention is to provide a method of cleaning or polishing fibrous and non-fibrous materials in which the accumulation of static charges is inhibited or prevented.
  • Another object is to prevent or inhibit the accumula- 'tion of static electrical charges during the dry cleaning of clothing and the like, at all stages of the dry cleaning procedure without subjecting the clothing to water or aqueous media.
  • a further object is to provide a new method of dry cleaning clothing and the like in which the clothing is rendered anti-static during washing thereof with dry cleaning solvent and remains in the anti-static conductive condition throughout and after drying and finishing thereof.
  • Another object is to provide a method of dry cleaning or polishing fibrous and non-fibrous materials Without causing lint or soil to be attracted to and fixed on the material as a result of a static charge thereon inducing migration of oppositely charged lint or soil thereto.
  • Still another object is to provide a method of cleaning hard non-fibrous surfaces, such as the surfaces of films and other molded or shaped objects comprising plastic or synthetic resin masses without the accumulation of static charges.
  • antistatic agents which may be used in practicing this invention, to achieve the stated objectives, include quartenary ammonium compounds having a molecular structure such that they form stable solutions of 0.02%
  • conventional dry cleaning solvents which, as is well known, are generally either hydrocarbons or chlorinated hydrocarbons.
  • quaternary ammonium compounds must contain an anion component, which may be halogen, sulfur which may be in the form of a sulfate, phosphorus in the form of a phosphate or phosphite group, or an organic group which may be an unsaturated higher fatty acid radical such as an oleyl radical, or a radical derived from an acid of the oleic acid series; and a cation component which must comprise quaternary nitrogen the four valences of which are satisfied by different organic radicals such that the cation component taken as a whole, that'is the nitrogen atom plus the four substituents, has a molecular weight of from at least 250 to 1000.
  • an anion component which may be halogen, sulfur which may be in the form of a sulfate, phosphorus in the form of a phosphate or phosphite group, or an organic group which may be an unsaturated higher fatty acid radical such as an oleyl radical, or a radical
  • the organic radicals attached to the nitrogen atom may contain from 1 to 20 carbons and may be alkyl, acyl or aryl. Radicals of these different groups may be present in the same quaternary compound.
  • the nitrogen atom may be a member of a cyclic structure in which alkyl groups are attached to it through a bridge atom which may be oxygen.
  • the cationic component of the quaternary ammonium compound may comprise from 5 to 50 polyoxyethylene units which may be arranged in straight chain fashion or condensed with each other.
  • Exemplary quaternary ammonium compounds which have been used successfully include the following: ethylv dimethyl octadecyl ammonium ethyl hydrogen phosphite having the formula N-soya-N-ethyl morpholineum ethosulfate, dimethyl benzyl dehydroabietyl ammonium chloride, alkyl (C9 to C15) ethyl ammonium ethosulfate dioleate containing 30 polyoxyethylene groups, alkyl (C9 to C15) tolyl methyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and p-di-isobutyl phenoxy ethoxyethyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride.
  • antistatic agents for use in this invention are monoand di-ailrylated acid phosphates in which the alkyl radicals contain from 1 to 5 carbons, and monoand di-arylated acid phosphates in which the aryl radical is of the benzene series.
  • Particularly effective compounds in this category are: di-ethyl acid phosphate, mono-isoamyl acid phosphate, di-isoamyl acid phosphate and di-ortho cresol acid phosphate.
  • Another group of substances which are antistatics under the present conditions and meet the present requirements as to solubility in the dry cleaning solvents are the partial, preferably the mono-esters of polyhydric alcohols with higher saturated or unsaturated fatty acids.
  • Dihydric alcohol esters such as propylene glycol mono-oleate may be used, but-more effective and therefor preferred, are the esters of polyhydric alcohols containing from three to six hydroxyl groups, including glycerol and the heXitols having some free OH groups and at least (and preferably) one OH group esterified with a saturated fatty acid of from 8 to 18, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms or with an unsaturated fatty acid such as oleic acid.
  • esters of the anhydro-hexitans there may be used, also, partial esters of the anhydro-hexitans. Examples of these compounds are: diglycol monolaurate, glycerol monostearate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan trioleate, mannide mono-oleate, glycerol mono-oleate and sorbital mono-oleate.
  • antistatic agents which may be used in the present cleaning and polishing methods are naphthenic acid and ammonium naphthenate.
  • these antistatic agents are used in conjunction with conventional dry cleaning soaps and/ or detergents.
  • fibrous materials such as garments, blankets, draperies, rugs, seat covers and the like are either washed in the dry cleaning solvent containing dry cleaning soap and/or detergents and the antistatic agent, or are washed in the dry cleaning solvent containing the detergent and then rinsed in a dry cleaning solvent solution or dispersion of the antistatic agent. In either case, the fibrous materials are thereby simultaneously washed or rinsed and rendered conductive and resistant to the accumulation of electrostatic charges at all subsequent steps of the dry cleaning cycle, including the drying and finishing steps.
  • the detergents used may be of the type conventionally used in dry cleaning, i. e., a dry cleaning soap or detergent Which is more soluble in organic or dry cleaning solvents than in water.
  • the commercially available products known as T weens polyoxyethylene condensates of partial polyhydric alcohol esters
  • Alkylated phenoxy polyoxy alkanols such as the detergent or surfactant available commercially under the designation Oronite Dispersant NI-O are very satisfactory. (No'rEOronite is a mixture of nonyl phenols condensed with 5 to 7 ethylene oxide units, and is marketed by Oronite Chemical Co., California.) Simple soap may be used.
  • detergent or dry cleaners soap The only limitations on the detergent or dry cleaners soap are these: it must be soluble or dispersible in the dry ceaning solvent and, when used in the washer with the antistatic, compatible therewith. Many detergents and dry cleaning soaps of this type are well known in the art; those specifically mentioned herein are illustrative, merely.
  • the antistatic is included in the washer with the dry cleaning solvent and soap or detergent.
  • a conductive film which prevents or inhibits the accumulation of the electrostatic charges inevitably developed by the friction, is formed on the fabrics which therefore do not become charged, exert an attraction for lint or soil, or adhere to the machine parts.
  • This conductive film is firmly adsorbed to the fabrics, regardless of type or color, and may be fixed or anchored to the fibrous material in the manner of a substantive agent.
  • the fabrics of different kinds and colors may be dried together in the same drying tumbler without difficulty.
  • Shaggy woolen articles may be dry cleaned in the same washer with broadcloth and fancy evening clothes such as mens dress suits of serge or the like. I have dry cleaned, also, in a single load, in the same washer and in dry1cleaners naphtha containing 4% of a detergent and 1% of the quaternary phosphite, ethyl dimethyl octadecyl ammonium ethyl hydrogen phosphite, such diverse items as nylon nurses uniforms, natural silk dresses, a down comforter having a cellulose acetate covering, and shaggy wool blankets in green, pink and blue colors.
  • the fabrics or fibrous articles (such as non-woven fabrics, mats, etc.) dry cleaned by the present method may be formed from or comprise all types of fibers including natural fibers such as cotton and wool, artificial fibers such as regenerated cellulose fibers from viscose or cuprammonium, synthetic fibers such as those from organic acid esters of cellulose, notably cellulose acetate, resin fibers such as the polyamides of the nylon type, polymethylene glycol teraphthalate (Dacron), polyacrylonitrile and copolymers of acrylonitrile with one or more other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers polymerizable with acrylonitrile and particularly dye acceptors of the vinylsubstituted heterocyclic tertiary amine class such as the vinylpyridines and nuclearly substituted alkylated vinylpyridines
  • the seven pieces of fieece dipped into each solution were diflferent from those wet with the remaining solutions, that is, none of the seven fabric pieces treated with one solution, was exposed to the remaining solutions.
  • Each piece of fabric was centrifuged, after removal from. the treating solution, and the liquid was recovered for use in treating another piece of the fleece. After centrifuging, the fabric was rinsed, dried and finished; no difiiculty such as pick-up of lint due to the accumulation of electrostatic charges on the fabric was experienced at any stage of the dry cleaning and finishing procedure.
  • the electrometer comprises a housing 2 provided with a window 3 and mounted on a support 4 having adjustable legs 5, the contact electrode S, and, suspended in the housing 2, the plate P and foil F.
  • a static charge is transmitted to plate P and foil F. Since P and F obtain a similar charge, the movable foil F is repelled away from plate P.
  • S is grounded, both P and F lose their static charges and F returns to its normal position against the vertical plate P.
  • the dry cleaning fluid in which the fleece was washed was obtained by dissolving 4.0 gms. or 1.0 gm. of the following antistatic agents in 200 gm. portions of a solution of 80 guns. of the dry cleaning detergent Oronite Dispersant NI-O (a commercially available alkylated phenoxy polyoxy alkanol) in 1920 gms. of Stoddards solvent.
  • NI-O a commercially available alkylated phenoxy polyoxy alkanol
  • Naphthenic acid Ammonium naphthenate Propylene glycol mono-oleate The effectiveness of these agents for imparting conductivity to the fabrics coincidental with dry cleaning thereof, and determined on the washed, rinsed, dried and finished fabric, is summarized, for the four groups of antistatic agents, in the table below.
  • the agents of groups I and II in the concentrations stated, were not exhausted from the dry cleaning solvent after only one piece of fabric was immersed therein and removed therefrom, and were not exhausted from the solution before the last (seventh) fabric section had been treated. Also, the amount of antistatic adsorbed by the fabrics treated successively in the solutions was sufficient, in each case, to impart satisfactory conductivity to the fabric. In the case of the solution containing the quaternary ammonium compounds of group I, all seven pieces of fabric treated in each of the different solutions for the treating time normally employed in dry cleaning, were equally conductive when tested for conductivity as described herein.
  • the antistatic in the dry cleaning solvent in which the garments or the like are rinsed after being washed in the dry cleaning solvent containing the detergent or dry cleaning soap dissolved or dispersed therein this treatment taking place in the presence of the detergent deposited on the fabric during washing thereof.
  • the concentration of the antistatic in the wash or rinse liquid may be varied and may be extremely low.
  • I have rendered clothes of various types antistatic to an acceptable degree by cleaning lbs. of clothes in dry cleaners naphtha containing 1% of the detergent Oronite Dispersant NI-O and 0.7% of the antistatic ethyl dimethyl octadecyl ammonium ethyl hydrogen phosphite, transferred the clothes to the extractor and whizzed them dry.”
  • the clothes, after removal from the extractor, contained 20 lbs. of the solution in which they had been washed. This 20 lbs. of retained solvent contained 0.20 lb. of detergent and 0.7% of antistatic agent by weight. This means that 0.14 lb. of the antistatic agent (20 0.007 0.14) was left in and dried on the 100 lbs. of clothes.
  • Suitable dry cleaning solvents include benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, Stoddards solvent, perchlorethylene, and the solvent mixtures sometimes used in modern-day dry cleaning houses.
  • dry cleaning liquid and dry cleaning solvent are intended to define and include such dry cleaning media, generally.
  • the detergent or dry cleaning soap may be used in concentrations of from 0.2% to 10% by weight or volume.
  • compositions comprising the dry cleaning solvent may be used in concentrations of from 0.2% to 10% by weight or volume.
  • dispersion as used herein and in the claims includes solutions. Dry cleaning detergents include the so-called dry cleaning soaps.
  • the method of dry cleaning fabrics and clothing and simultaneously rendering the same anti-static which comprises washing the fabric and clothing with dry cleaning solvent having from 0.2% to 10% by weight of a detergent dissolved therein, and then rinsing the fabric and clothing with a dry cleaning solvent having from 0.02% to 5.0% by weight of an anti-static agent dissolved therein, the anti-static agent being applied to the fabric and clothing in the presence of detergent carried thereby from the washing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
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GB1619/54A GB754441A (en) 1953-09-29 1954-01-19 Method of simultaneously dry cleaning and rendering conductive fibrous material

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2842462A (en) * 1953-12-21 1958-07-08 Bohme Fettchemie Gmbh Antistatic synthetic textile material
DE1105108B (de) * 1956-07-18 1961-04-20 Ici Ltd Verfahren zur Waermebehandlung von Polyesterfaeden und -garnen
US2982672A (en) * 1957-05-06 1961-05-02 Owens Illinois Glass Co Method of treating a glass surface with an alkyl phenoxy polyoxyethylene ethanol and article produced thereby
US2989882A (en) * 1956-09-11 1961-06-27 Tribune Company Method and apparatus for slitting paper webs
US2998326A (en) * 1956-04-04 1961-08-29 Nat Starch Products Inc Cleaning and sizing of fabrics
US3062180A (en) * 1958-12-22 1962-11-06 Basic Res Corp Apparatus for rendering fabrics antistatic
US3091508A (en) * 1959-07-27 1963-05-28 Le Roy B Edwards Dry cleaning composition and method of use
US3124536A (en) * 1964-03-10 Composition for cleaning synthetic fur
US3124535A (en) * 1964-03-10 Fur cleaning composition
US3254029A (en) * 1961-11-09 1966-05-31 Emery Industries Inc Drycleaning detergent composition
US3326919A (en) * 1963-07-29 1967-06-20 Millmaster Onyx Corp Quaternary ammonium salts of phosphoric acid esters
US3335091A (en) * 1965-02-08 1967-08-08 Dow Chemical Co Dry cleaning method and composition
US3364192A (en) * 1964-07-27 1968-01-16 Pfizer & Co C Antistatic polymer compositions containing ammonium phosphates
US3854871A (en) * 1973-01-31 1974-12-17 Du Pont Textile cleaning process for simultaneous dry cleaning and finishing with stain repellent
US3926831A (en) * 1972-07-12 1975-12-16 Erhard Sonnengruber Dry-cleaning agent
US4077878A (en) * 1976-02-11 1978-03-07 Herman Roy Jackson In process purification of dry cleaning solvents
US4356002A (en) * 1978-12-11 1982-10-26 Petrolite Corporation Anti-static compositions
US4515603A (en) * 1978-12-11 1985-05-07 Petrolite Corporation Anti-static compositions
US5082466A (en) * 1988-09-07 1992-01-21 Fabritec International Corporation Anti-static garment bag for reducing static buildup in the drycleaning process

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2175608A1 (en) * 1972-03-15 1973-10-26 Solvay Dry cleaning textiles - with solvent and fatty acid polyol ester with alkyl benzene sulphate

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1810660A (en) * 1929-06-20 1931-06-16 Method of and composition for increasing the conductivity of
US2165356A (en) * 1935-03-13 1939-07-11 Ici Ltd Dry-cleaning fluid
US2276681A (en) * 1940-01-03 1942-03-17 Dennis P Allison Process for dry cleaning
US2393863A (en) * 1942-03-26 1946-01-29 Bakelite Corp Antistatic composition
US2475418A (en) * 1945-09-20 1949-07-05 Fmc Corp Dry cleaning
US2563506A (en) * 1951-08-07 Quaternary ammonium salts of
US2614026A (en) * 1950-10-31 1952-10-14 Joseph T Lascari Dry cleaning method and apparatus
US2628176A (en) * 1948-06-04 1953-02-10 Chicopee Mfg Corp Method of rendering synthetic resins astatic

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2563506A (en) * 1951-08-07 Quaternary ammonium salts of
US1810660A (en) * 1929-06-20 1931-06-16 Method of and composition for increasing the conductivity of
US2165356A (en) * 1935-03-13 1939-07-11 Ici Ltd Dry-cleaning fluid
US2276681A (en) * 1940-01-03 1942-03-17 Dennis P Allison Process for dry cleaning
US2393863A (en) * 1942-03-26 1946-01-29 Bakelite Corp Antistatic composition
US2475418A (en) * 1945-09-20 1949-07-05 Fmc Corp Dry cleaning
US2628176A (en) * 1948-06-04 1953-02-10 Chicopee Mfg Corp Method of rendering synthetic resins astatic
US2614026A (en) * 1950-10-31 1952-10-14 Joseph T Lascari Dry cleaning method and apparatus

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3124535A (en) * 1964-03-10 Fur cleaning composition
US3124536A (en) * 1964-03-10 Composition for cleaning synthetic fur
US2842462A (en) * 1953-12-21 1958-07-08 Bohme Fettchemie Gmbh Antistatic synthetic textile material
US2998326A (en) * 1956-04-04 1961-08-29 Nat Starch Products Inc Cleaning and sizing of fabrics
DE1105108B (de) * 1956-07-18 1961-04-20 Ici Ltd Verfahren zur Waermebehandlung von Polyesterfaeden und -garnen
US2989882A (en) * 1956-09-11 1961-06-27 Tribune Company Method and apparatus for slitting paper webs
US2982672A (en) * 1957-05-06 1961-05-02 Owens Illinois Glass Co Method of treating a glass surface with an alkyl phenoxy polyoxyethylene ethanol and article produced thereby
US3062180A (en) * 1958-12-22 1962-11-06 Basic Res Corp Apparatus for rendering fabrics antistatic
US3091508A (en) * 1959-07-27 1963-05-28 Le Roy B Edwards Dry cleaning composition and method of use
US3254029A (en) * 1961-11-09 1966-05-31 Emery Industries Inc Drycleaning detergent composition
US3326919A (en) * 1963-07-29 1967-06-20 Millmaster Onyx Corp Quaternary ammonium salts of phosphoric acid esters
US3364192A (en) * 1964-07-27 1968-01-16 Pfizer & Co C Antistatic polymer compositions containing ammonium phosphates
US3335091A (en) * 1965-02-08 1967-08-08 Dow Chemical Co Dry cleaning method and composition
US3926831A (en) * 1972-07-12 1975-12-16 Erhard Sonnengruber Dry-cleaning agent
US3854871A (en) * 1973-01-31 1974-12-17 Du Pont Textile cleaning process for simultaneous dry cleaning and finishing with stain repellent
US4077878A (en) * 1976-02-11 1978-03-07 Herman Roy Jackson In process purification of dry cleaning solvents
US4356002A (en) * 1978-12-11 1982-10-26 Petrolite Corporation Anti-static compositions
US4515603A (en) * 1978-12-11 1985-05-07 Petrolite Corporation Anti-static compositions
US5082466A (en) * 1988-09-07 1992-01-21 Fabritec International Corporation Anti-static garment bag for reducing static buildup in the drycleaning process

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GB754441A (en) 1956-08-08

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