US2617078A - Electric discharge tube - Google Patents

Electric discharge tube Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2617078A
US2617078A US133994A US13399449A US2617078A US 2617078 A US2617078 A US 2617078A US 133994 A US133994 A US 133994A US 13399449 A US13399449 A US 13399449A US 2617078 A US2617078 A US 2617078A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrodes
deflection
electrode
deflecting
source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US133994A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Adrianus Johannes Wilhel Marie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
Original Assignee
Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hartford National Bank and Trust Co filed Critical Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2617078A publication Critical patent/US2617078A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/46—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the ray or beam, e.g. electron-optical arrangement
    • H01J29/70—Arrangements for deflecting ray or beam
    • H01J29/72—Arrangements for deflecting ray or beam along one straight line or along two perpendicular straight lines
    • H01J29/74—Deflecting by electric fields only

Definitions

  • the invention relates toelectric discharge tubes in which the electrons emanating from a cathode are concentrated into a beam adapted to be deflected by electrodes which are arranged on either side and to which alternating voltages are supplied.
  • discharge tubes of the aforesaid kind are known for television, oscillography and amplification.
  • alternating voltages to the deflecting electrodes permits of the beam being deflected at right angles to its direction of propagation. If the beam is required to be deflected in more than one direction, provision is made of more than one deflection system. Thus, for example, it is common practice to produce the deflection by four electrodes constituting two systems arranged in the tube at right angles to one another.
  • the deflection systems for deflecting the electrons in one direction have sometimes been formed by more than two electrodes in order to 'ensure particular properties of the discharge tube.
  • the beam may thus be deflected in the same direction under the action of several voltages fed to the various electrodes.
  • the electrodes it is furthermore known to subdivide the electrodes to neutralize the so-called zero point anomaly.
  • the deflecting electrodes have been subdivided in order to ensure non-linear variation of the deflection with the voltage applied.
  • the condenser formed by the deflecting electrodes opposite one another must be charged. This charge must be supplied through the supply conductors for the deflecting electrodes.
  • the resistance of these conductors gives rise to losses which at high frequencies may become very material since their increase is approximately proportional to the square of the frequency. They show themselves, for example, as damping of the circuits, connected to the deflecting electrodes.
  • the object of the invention is to ensure the same deflection sensitivity with lower charges.
  • an electron current concentrated into a beam is deflected with the use of deflecting electrodes to which the alternating voltages are supplied, and which are not located opposite one another on either side of the beam, but which are shifted relatively to one another in a direction parallel to the direction of the electron beam.
  • the deflection system furthermore comprises at least one pair of directly inter-connected auxiliary deflecting electrodes, which are also shifted relatively to each other, each of the deflecting electrodes having arranged opposite it at least one auxiliary deflecting electrode.
  • each charge of a deflecting electrode induces an opposite charge in the opposite electrode. If, for example, at a given instant a positive charge is fed to a deflecting electrode, a negative charge is induced in the opposite auxiliary electrode. Since this auxiliary electrode is directly connected to the other electrode with which it forms a pair, the latter auxiliary electrode is given a positive charge. Arranged opposite this electrode is an electrode having a negative charge.
  • auxiliary deflecting electrodes may be directly interconnected either internally or externally of the tube, it being, however, essential that they should be interconnected directly and that the connection should be practically free from losses. Both the deflecting and the auxiliary deflecting electrodes may be arranged internally or externally of the discharge tube.
  • Fig. 1 showsdiagrammatically the construction of an electric discharge tube having an electron current concentrated into a beam and Figs. 2 to 9 show diagrammatically the arrangement of a number of deflection systems.
  • the reference number I designates a cathode, 2 a Wehnelt cylinder and 3 an acceleration and concentration system built up from various electrodes; 4 and 5 designate deflecting electrodes to which a deflecting voltage is applied from a source 50; 6 and 1 designate a pair of suppressor electrodes to which the beam may be directed alternatively under the action of the voltages of the electrodes 4 and 5.
  • anodes 6 and '1 may be replaced, for example by a luminescent screen.
  • Fig. 1 shows one deflection system. a plurality of systems may be provided between the electrodes 3 and the anodes 6 and I.
  • Fig. 2 shows a deflection system built up from two deflecting electrodes 8 and 9 and two auxiliary deflecting electrodes and H. These auxiliary deflection electrodes are directly interconnected electrically, electrodes 8 and 9 being connected to a source 50 of signal voltage.
  • the operation of this deflection system may be described as follows:
  • a positive charge of enual value is thus set up at the electrode ll. Since the electrode H (which consequently has a positive charge) is arranged on the same side of the beam as the electrode 8 and is opposite the electrode 9, which has a negative charge when electrode 8 has a positive charge. it amplifies the deflection of the beam produced by this electrode. (In this case it is immaterial Whether the electrodes 8 and 9 are used in pushpull connection or whether one of the electrodes is earthed). The deflection of the total system is therefore canal to twice the deflection which would be obtained if electrode 8 were arranged directly opposite electrode 9.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates how the principle underlying the construction shown in Fig. 2 may be applied to a deflection system extended to comprise more than four electrodes.
  • the deflecting electrodes are designated I2 and I3 to which a signal volt-age is applied from a course 50.
  • the deflection system comprises in addition four auxiliary electrodes, namely two pairs which are designated I4, I and I6, I 1 respectively. For the same deflection this system requires only one third of the charge which would be required to be supplied if electrodes [2 and I3 were arranged opposite one another.
  • Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of a deflection system adapted for use in a tube according to the invention.
  • , 22 and 23 each form a pair.
  • , 22 and 23 each form a pair.
  • the charge for building up the field is one fourth 50, were arranged opposite one another.
  • both the deflecting electrodes and the auxiliary deflecting electrodes are shifted relatively to one another in a direction parallel to the direction of the electron beam.
  • the deflection system described with reference to Figs. 2, 3 and 4 may be used, if the periods of the supplied alternating deflecting voltages are high compared with the transit time of the electrons through the deflection system. This is also apparent from the potentials of the various electrodes. At a given instant, all the electrodes having a positive charge are on one side of the beam and the electrodes having a negative charge on the other side. As has been set out in British specification 485,298, it is necessary to subdivide the deflecting electrodes, if the periods of the alternating deflecting voltages become of the same order of magnitude as the transit time of the electrons. The principle of the said British patent specification may be combined with the principle underlying the present invention. Several deflection systems in which both principles are employed are shown in Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8.
  • Fig. 5 shows a deflection system which comprises a total of three electrodes; 26 and 2'! designate the deflecting electrodes to whichv the alternating voltages are fed from a source 50.
  • Electrode 28 is built up from two auxiliary deflecting electrodes arranged side by side. Since two auxiliary deflecting electrodes which form a pair are interconnected directly, two auxiliary deflecting electrodes arranged side by side may be replaced by one electrode. This results in an electrode system which is readily built up.
  • the electrode 28 has a length which is approximately determined by the formula jected to a deflection in a given direction will be subjected by system 27, 28 to deflection in the same direction since, in the time in which the electron has travelled from.
  • a point in system 26, 28 to a corresponding point in system 21, 28 the deflecting voltage has been subjected to a phase shift of 180.
  • the system shown in Fig. 5 is equivalent to the system shown in Fig. 2.
  • a positive charge on the electrode 26 induces a negative charge in the left-hand half of the electrode 28; this results in a positive charge in the right-hand half of this electrode which is opposite electrode 21, which at this instant has a negative charge.
  • Fig. 6 shows a deflection system which is equivalent to the system shown in Fig. 3.
  • to which an alternating voltage from a source 50 is applied have a length, in the direction of the electron beam, of approximately /2 A.
  • the auxiliary deflecting electrodes 30 and 32 may again be assumed to be built up from two halves which are directly interconnected and which are shifted parallel to the di '5 rection of the electron beam. They have, consequently a length of A.
  • Fig. '7 shows an electrode system which, in effect, constitutes a doubling of the electrode system shown in Fig. 5.
  • the length of the deflecting electrodes 33 and 34 to which an alternating voltage is applied from a-source measured in a direction parallel to the beam, is approximately
  • the length of the auxiliary deflecting electrodes 35, 36 and 3? is consequently A.
  • the required charge for a given deflection in the arrangement of Figs. 5, 6 and 7 is /2, A; and A; respectively of that which would be required, if the deflecting electrodes to which the alternating voltages are supplied were directly opposite one another.
  • Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment, in which the length of the deflecting electrode 38 plus the length of the auxiliary deflecting electrode 39 is approximately V.
  • This system is, in effect, a combination of two systems, in which the transit time of the electrons is not a factor of importance.
  • the length of the entire system is, how ever, such that the transit time would tend to be influential if the whole system were traversed and would therefore give rise to three pairs of auxiliary deflecting electrodes, i. e. 39, 40, 5
  • the latter electrodes which are on one side of the electrode beam are directly interconnected, as far as alternating voltages are concerned, by way of a condenser 43.
  • the operation of the system shown in Fig. 8 may be explained as follows:
  • a signal voltage is applied between electrodes 38 and 44 from a source 50. If at a given instant electrode 38 is positive, and the other defleeting electrode 44 negative, the following charges are induced in the auxiliary deflecting electrodes: In electrode 50 a negative charge; in electrode 39 a positive charge; in 43a, consequently, a negative charge; in @311 a positive charge; in 4
  • An electron which is subjected to deflection in systems 33, 40 and 38, am will be subjected to an identical deflection";
  • the charge required to be supplied through the connecting wires of the deflecting electrodes 38 and M is approximately one fourth of that which would be required to be supplied to ensure equal deflection sensitivity, if the electrodes 33 and M were opposite each other.
  • Fig. 9 shows electrode systems in which the auxiliary deflecting electrodes and the deflecting electrode are approximately parallel to one another. This is not always essential and one embodiment of the invention in which this is not the case is shown in Fig. 9, in which 45 and it designate the deflecting electrodes to which an alternating voltage is applied from a source 56 and Al, A8 the auxiliary deflecting electrodes. It may be seen from this figure that the electrodes 4'! and 58 are directly interconnected. If the period of the voltage which is fed to the deflecting electrodes 45 and 46 is high compared with the time in which the electrons pass through the system, each electron subjected to deflection in a given direction between the electrodes 35 and 4'!
  • this system is capable of producing elliptical Lissajou figures. If, in the system shown, the electrons traverse the distance between the centre of the line connecting the centres of the electrodes s5 and ll and the centre of the line connecting the centres of the electrodes '36 and 48 in one quarter of the period of the oscillation fed to the electrodes 45, 46, the electron beam performs a circular movement.
  • An electric discharge tube comprising an electron beam source, an electron beam receiving element spaced from said source in the path of the electron beam, and an electrostatic beam deflection electrode system interposed between the source and the beam receiving element for defleeting the beam in accordance with an electric signal from a source of signal potential, said electrode system comprising a plurality of capacitative elements of equal capacitance each of which comprises a pair of spaced electrodes on opposite sides of the path of the electron beam, and means connecting all of said elements in series relationship with said source of signal potential whereby a reduced signal current is required for a given deflection.
  • An electric discharge tube comprising an electron beam source, an electron beam receiving element spaced from said source in the path of the electron beam, and an electrostatic beam deflection electrode system interposed between the source and the beam receiving element for deflecting the beam in accordance With an electric signal from a source of signal potential, said electrode system comprising first, second, third and fourth capacitative elements of equal capacitance, each of said elements comprising a pair of electrodes disposed on opposite sides of the electron beam, means connecting one of said electrodes of said first element to one of said electrodes of said third element on the opposite side of the electron beam, means connecting the other of said electrodes of said third element to one of said electrodes of said second element on the opposite side of said electron beam, means connecting the other of said electrodes of said second element to one of said electrodes of said fourth element on the opposite side of said path, and means connecting the other of said electrodes of said first and fourth elements in series relationship with said source of signal potential whereby a reduced signal current is required for a given deflection.
  • An electric discharge tube comprising an electron beam source, an electron beam receiving element spaced from said sourc in the path of the electron beam, and an electrostatic beam deflection electrode system interposed between the source and the beam receiving element for deflecting the beam in accordance with an electric signal from a source of signal potential, said electrode system comprising a plurality of capacitative elements of equal capacity each of which comprises a pair of spaced electrodes on opposite sides of the path of the electron beam, at least one of said electrodes on one side of the path of the beam being integral with an adjacent electrode on said one side of the path, and means connecting all of said elements in series relationship with said source of signal potential whereby a reduced signal current is required for a given deflection.
  • An electric discharge tube comprising an electron beam source, an electron beam receiving element spaced from said source in the path of the electron beam, and an electrostatic beam deflection electrode system interposed between the source and the beam receiving element for deflecting the beam in accordance with an electric signal from a source of signal potential, said electrode system comprising a plurality of capacitative elements including a pair of end elements and at least one intermediate element all of equal capacitance, said capacitative elements comprising a pair of outer electrodes and a plurality of auxiliary electrodes, each of said end elements being constituted by an outer electrode and an end portion of an auxiliary electrode on opposite sides of the path of the electron beam and each of said intermediate elements being constituted by opposing end portions of said auxiliary electrodes, and means connecting said outer electrodes in series relationship with said source of signal potential whereby a reduced signal current is required for a given deflection.
  • An electric discharge tube comprising an electron beam source, an electron beam receiving element spaced from said source in the path of the electron beam, and an electrostatic beam deflection electrode system interposed between the source and the beam receiving element for deflecting the beam in accordance with an electric signal from a source of signal potential, said electrode system comprising first, second, third and fourth capacitative elements of equal capacity each of which comprises a pair of electrodes disposed on opposite sides of the electron beam, means connecting one of said electrodes of said first element on a given side of said path to one of said electrodes of said second element on the other side of said path, means connecting one of said electrodes of said fourth element on said given side to one of said electrodes of said third element on the other side of said path, means capacitatively coupling the other of said electrodes of said second and third elements, and means connecting the other of said electrodes of said first and fourth capacitative elements in series relationship with said source of signal potential whereby a reduced signal current is required for a given deflection.
  • An electric discharge tube comprising an electron beam source, an electron beam receiving element spaced from said source in the path of the electron beam and an electrostatic beam deflection electrode system interposed between the source and the beam receiving element for deflecting the beam in accordance with an electric signal from a source of signal potential, said electrode system comprising a pair of capacitative elements of equal capacitance disposed at right angles to one another, each of which comprises a pair of spaced electrodes on opposite sides of the path of the electron beam, and means connecting said elements in series relationship with said source of signal potential whereby a reduced signal current is required for a given deflection.

Landscapes

  • Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
US133994A 1948-12-24 1949-12-20 Electric discharge tube Expired - Lifetime US2617078A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL278122X 1948-12-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2617078A true US2617078A (en) 1952-11-04

Family

ID=19782193

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US133994A Expired - Lifetime US2617078A (en) 1948-12-24 1949-12-20 Electric discharge tube

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US2617078A (en(2012))
BE (1) BE492890A (en(2012))
CH (1) CH278122A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE892196C (en(2012))
FR (1) FR1007363A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB701255A (en(2012))
NL (2) NL77104C (en(2012))

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2728854A (en) * 1950-04-11 1955-12-27 Karl F Ross Cathode ray harmonic filter
US2811668A (en) * 1956-05-29 1957-10-29 Gen Dynamics Corp Electron beam deflection control system
US2982917A (en) * 1958-04-10 1961-05-02 Aaland Kris Method and apparatus for pulsing a charged particle beam

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1932084A (en) * 1929-08-14 1933-10-24 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Cathode ray oscillograph
US2103507A (en) * 1936-03-31 1937-12-28 Rca Corp Direction indicator
US2118867A (en) * 1932-07-20 1938-05-31 Schlesinger Kurt Television arrangement
US2147825A (en) * 1935-07-26 1939-02-21 Rca Corp Electron multiplier device
US2175697A (en) * 1937-02-26 1939-10-10 Rca Corp Electron discharge amplifier
US2182382A (en) * 1936-10-29 1939-12-05 Radio Patents Corp Cathode ray device
US2193539A (en) * 1936-04-06 1940-03-12 Rca Corp Electron discharge tube
US2221115A (en) * 1937-06-30 1940-11-12 Rca Corp Multiple trace oscillograph system
US2228958A (en) * 1938-11-23 1941-01-14 Fides Gmbh Cathode ray tube
US2232158A (en) * 1937-07-20 1941-02-18 Rca Corp Electron discharge device
US2240304A (en) * 1938-07-30 1941-04-29 Rca Corp Measuring and indicating instrument
US2293539A (en) * 1939-08-16 1942-08-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2326877A (en) * 1941-07-08 1943-08-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge apparatus
US2459724A (en) * 1946-11-27 1949-01-18 Farnsworth Res Corp Astatic cathode-ray tube

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE696536C (de) * 1933-10-23 1940-09-24 Loewe Opta Gmbh Ablenkplattensystem fuer Kathodenstrahlroehren
DE674522C (de) * 1934-12-04 1939-05-11 Fernseh Akt Ges Ablenkplattensystem fuer Braunsche Roehren, insbesondere fuer Fernsehzwecke

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1932084A (en) * 1929-08-14 1933-10-24 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Cathode ray oscillograph
US2118867A (en) * 1932-07-20 1938-05-31 Schlesinger Kurt Television arrangement
US2147825A (en) * 1935-07-26 1939-02-21 Rca Corp Electron multiplier device
US2103507A (en) * 1936-03-31 1937-12-28 Rca Corp Direction indicator
US2193539A (en) * 1936-04-06 1940-03-12 Rca Corp Electron discharge tube
US2182382A (en) * 1936-10-29 1939-12-05 Radio Patents Corp Cathode ray device
US2175697A (en) * 1937-02-26 1939-10-10 Rca Corp Electron discharge amplifier
US2221115A (en) * 1937-06-30 1940-11-12 Rca Corp Multiple trace oscillograph system
US2232158A (en) * 1937-07-20 1941-02-18 Rca Corp Electron discharge device
US2240304A (en) * 1938-07-30 1941-04-29 Rca Corp Measuring and indicating instrument
US2228958A (en) * 1938-11-23 1941-01-14 Fides Gmbh Cathode ray tube
US2293539A (en) * 1939-08-16 1942-08-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2326877A (en) * 1941-07-08 1943-08-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge apparatus
US2459724A (en) * 1946-11-27 1949-01-18 Farnsworth Res Corp Astatic cathode-ray tube

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2728854A (en) * 1950-04-11 1955-12-27 Karl F Ross Cathode ray harmonic filter
US2811668A (en) * 1956-05-29 1957-10-29 Gen Dynamics Corp Electron beam deflection control system
US2982917A (en) * 1958-04-10 1961-05-02 Aaland Kris Method and apparatus for pulsing a charged particle beam

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE492890A (en(2012))
DE892196C (de) 1953-10-05
CH278122A (de) 1951-09-30
NL144040B (nl)
NL77104C (en(2012))
FR1007363A (fr) 1952-05-05
GB701255A (en) 1953-12-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2289756A (en) Electron tube and circuits employing it
US2414546A (en) Television sweep circuits
US2440786A (en) Cathode-ray beam deflecting circuits
US2405611A (en) Electron beam amplifier
US2681426A (en) Deflection system
US2617078A (en) Electric discharge tube
US2721995A (en) Cathode ray tube shield structures
US2305919A (en) Deflection circuit
US2162807A (en) Magnetron
US2237671A (en) Electron discharge device
US2413276A (en) Cathode-ray apparatus
US2217417A (en) Electron discharge apparatus
US2169358A (en) Receiver for ultra-short waves
US2259233A (en) Cathode ray deflecting apparatus
US2817044A (en) Unsymmetrical electrostatic deflection device for electron radiation tubes
US2617077A (en) Electrostatic deflection system for cathode-ray tubes
US2266411A (en) Electron tube
US2228958A (en) Cathode ray tube
US1851549A (en) Method and apparatus for power amplification
US2463632A (en) Variable electronic capacitance device
US2114613A (en) Cathode ray tube
US2717327A (en) Velocity modulation devices
US2489132A (en) Electron discharge device
US2193959A (en) Electron discharge device
US3974421A (en) Television deflection coil