US2611699A - Regeneration of exhausted silver bleaching solutions - Google Patents
Regeneration of exhausted silver bleaching solutions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2611699A US2611699A US136145A US13614549A US2611699A US 2611699 A US2611699 A US 2611699A US 136145 A US136145 A US 136145A US 13614549 A US13614549 A US 13614549A US 2611699 A US2611699 A US 2611699A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alkali metal
- silver
- solution
- exhausted
- ferricyanide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- -1 SILVER HALIDE Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- YAGKRVSRTSUGEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferricyanide Chemical compound [Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] YAGKRVSRTSUGEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001513 alkali metal bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromate Inorganic materials [O-]Br(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- UETZVSHORCDDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] UETZVSHORCDDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromic acid Chemical compound OBr(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 56
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 10
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 6
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- XWNSFEAWWGGSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-acetyl-4-methylheptanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC(C)(C(=O)C)CCC#N XWNSFEAWWGGSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004153 Potassium bromate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940094037 potassium bromate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000019396 potassium bromate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSURNBPIYYGUGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Br(=O)(=O)O.Br Chemical compound Br(=O)(=O)O.Br BSURNBPIYYGUGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000318 alkali metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019846 buffering salt Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940061607 dibasic sodium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JGJLWPGRMCADHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypobromite Inorganic materials Br[O-] JGJLWPGRMCADHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005323 phenoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CRWJEUDFKNYSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;hypobromite Chemical compound [Na+].Br[O-] CRWJEUDFKNYSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DCXPBOFGQPCWJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium;iron(3+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] DCXPBOFGQPCWJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/395—Regeneration of photographic processing agents other than developers; Replenishers therefor
- G03C5/3952—Chemical, mechanical or thermal methods, e.g. oxidation, precipitation, centrifugation
Definitions
- This invention relates to a photographic process and more particularly ,0 the process of regenerating exhausted silver bleaching solutions.
- the most commonly employed silver bleaching solution consists essentially of an aqueous solution of an alkali ferricyanide and an alkali bromide, and if desired, small amounts of a buffer or a bleaching accelerator, such as the phenoxyethanol described in United States Patent 2,419,900.
- exhausted bleach solutions comprising an alkali ferricy- Application December 30, 1949, Serial No. 136,145
- anide and an alkali bromide are regenerated or rejuvenated by the action of'a reagent or mixture of reagents capable of releasing elementary bromine in aqueous solutions.
- the action of bromine on an exhausted bleach solution appears It has been to perform a dual function (1) by oxidizing the ferrocyanide ions to ferricyanide ions, and (2) by supplying additional bromide ions.
- Bromine, itself or its solution in water commonly known as bromine water performs a similar function but tends to destroy some of theferricyanide.
- bromine gives off highly objectionable toxic vapors and must be handled with extreme care in order to avoid serious burns. In addition, if accidentally spilled, it may seriously affect not only the film but also tanks, spools, and similar equipment utilized in the film processing.
- Reagents of this type are the alkali metal hypobromides, i. e., sodium, potassium or lithium hypobromide, a mixture of an alkali metal bromate and hydrobromic acid in the molar ratio of 1:6, and a mixture of an alkali metal bromate and alkali metal bromide in a molar ratio of 1:5, and containing in addition approximately 6 to 7 mols of either sulfamic acid or an anhydrous alkali bisulfate.
- the anhydrous alkali biculfate may be replaced by 3 to approximately 3.5 mols of sulfuric acid diluted with a sufiicient amount of water to make approximately a 20% solution. 4
- the amount of the alkali metal hypobromide or mixture of alkali metal bromate and hydrobromic acid, and the like, is such as will release one molar equivalent of bromine for each molar equivalent of ferrocyanide present in the exhausted bleach.
- the actual, or approximate amount can, therefore, be determined stoichiometrically after the determination of the ferrocyanide content by colorimetric, potentiometric, or other suitable titration means.
- Amounts of the reagent or molar equivalent mixture thereof smaller than the molar equivalent of ferrocyanide present in the exhausted bleach bath give incomplete regeneration, whereas any appreciable excess tends todestroy some of the ferricyanide. A small excess can, however, be tolerated in most instances without impairing the eificiency of the regenerated bleach solution.
- photographic bleach solutions contain an alkali metal ferricyanide, such as lithium, potassium or sodium ferricyanide as an oxidizing agent dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as, for example, water with or without thepresence of other adjuva'nts.
- a suitable solvent such as, for example, water with or without thepresence of other adjuva'nts.
- a typical bleach solution consists of about 100 grams of an oxidizing agent per liter of solution and may contain one or more of the following ingredients:
- Alkali metal bromide such as lithium, potassium I and sodium bromide grams (converting agent) Dialkali metal hosphate 40 grams (buffering agent) Alkali metal 1), sulfate or organic acid, such as citric acid 5 grams (buffering salt) Alkali metal tetraphosphate grams (COIIOSIOD preventative) Water to make 1 liter (solvent)
- an oxidizing agent I mean any alkali metal ferricyamde that will oxidize axmetallic silver image to form a silver salt.
- "Most commonly used oxidizing agents are alkali metal -'ferricy-' anide, such as lithium, potassium,.and sodium ferricyanides or mixtures of these salts.
- I mean a compound such as an alkali metal bromide which by reason of a difference in solubility will replace the silver ferricyanide formed in. the bleaching reaction to form silverbromide and .thus impel the le ch. Converting a nts a sometimes called halogenizingagentsreaction to completion.
- I means. substance that is added to bring theferricyanide bleach solution .to a specified pH and to maintain this-pH even though small amounts-20f acids oraa ka may be carried intozthle bleach of the him.
- alkali metal phosphate such as disodium phosphate sodium tetraphosphate, and the like have been found to prevent corrosion effectively.
- the ferrocyanide ion concentration of the exhausted bleach solutionr was determined, according to the method of Brunner. Means and-Zappert, described inlthe Journal of the Society'of Motion Picture Engineers, vol. 53, page 3O, and
- Photographic tests showed that the bleaching j actionof the rejuvenated bleach was equal to that of .a fresh solution.
- Example II One 'liter of a fresh bleach solution prepared as in Example I was used for the bleaching of 50 feet of color developed 35 mm. film. After bleaching, the solution showed signs .of exhaustion andnpon colorimetric analysis indicated .a
- Example III One liter of an exhausted bleach solution, of he same composition as in; Example I, was analyzed by iodometric titrationand-found to contain 10. grams of .ferrooyanideion per liter.
- the bleach solution was regenerated by adding,
- Example -I-V Example III was repeated with the exception that 5.66 grams of anhydrous sodium bisulfate were replaced by 9. 9 mls. of a 20% aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. The exhausted bleach solution was completely rejuvenated and did not re-- quire any further adjustment of its pH.
- the concentration of the various constituents of the bleach solution decreases gradually.
- Some water is brought into the bleaching tank by the Wetted film and-small quantities of the ferricyanide salts are carried away'b'yfthe bleached film.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE500332D BE500332A (en)) | 1949-12-30 | ||
| US136145A US2611699A (en) | 1949-12-30 | 1949-12-30 | Regeneration of exhausted silver bleaching solutions |
| GB31393/50A GB673058A (en) | 1949-12-30 | 1950-12-27 | Regeneration of exhausted photographic silver bleaching solutions |
| FR1030282D FR1030282A (fr) | 1949-12-30 | 1950-12-29 | Procédé de régénération des solutions argentiques de blanchiment épuisées |
| DEG4932A DE866909C (de) | 1949-12-30 | 1950-12-31 | Verfahren zum Regenerieren von verbrauchten photographischen Silberbleichloesungen |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US136145A US2611699A (en) | 1949-12-30 | 1949-12-30 | Regeneration of exhausted silver bleaching solutions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2611699A true US2611699A (en) | 1952-09-23 |
Family
ID=22471510
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US136145A Expired - Lifetime US2611699A (en) | 1949-12-30 | 1949-12-30 | Regeneration of exhausted silver bleaching solutions |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2611699A (en)) |
| BE (1) | BE500332A (en)) |
| DE (1) | DE866909C (en)) |
| FR (1) | FR1030282A (en)) |
| GB (1) | GB673058A (en)) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2843482A (en) * | 1956-03-30 | 1958-07-15 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic bleach composition |
| US2943935A (en) * | 1957-05-15 | 1960-07-05 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Stabilization of photographic bleach powders containing an alkali metal ferricyanide |
| US2944895A (en) * | 1955-04-13 | 1960-07-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Regeneration of photographic silver bleach solutions |
| US3770437A (en) * | 1972-04-06 | 1973-11-06 | D Brugger | Photographic bleach compositions |
| US3839043A (en) * | 1972-04-27 | 1974-10-01 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | Process for regenerating spent photographic silver bleaching solutions |
| US3869383A (en) * | 1971-11-17 | 1975-03-04 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Process for treating waste photographic processing solutions |
| US3909403A (en) * | 1972-10-23 | 1975-09-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Process of treating waste water |
| US3912514A (en) * | 1973-05-21 | 1975-10-14 | Hunt Chem Corp Philip A | Method of regenerating a spent photographic silver bleach solution |
| US4043814A (en) * | 1974-11-06 | 1977-08-23 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Image intensification |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US728566A (en) * | 1903-01-09 | 1903-05-19 | Claude D Grove | Process of recovering bromin. |
| US1141922A (en) * | 1911-11-07 | 1915-06-08 | Dow Chemical Co | Process of making bromin. |
| US2515930A (en) * | 1946-05-04 | 1950-07-18 | Pavelle Color Inc | Regeneration of photographic silver bleach solution |
-
0
- BE BE500332D patent/BE500332A/xx unknown
-
1949
- 1949-12-30 US US136145A patent/US2611699A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1950
- 1950-12-27 GB GB31393/50A patent/GB673058A/en not_active Expired
- 1950-12-29 FR FR1030282D patent/FR1030282A/fr not_active Expired
- 1950-12-31 DE DEG4932A patent/DE866909C/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US728566A (en) * | 1903-01-09 | 1903-05-19 | Claude D Grove | Process of recovering bromin. |
| US1141922A (en) * | 1911-11-07 | 1915-06-08 | Dow Chemical Co | Process of making bromin. |
| US2515930A (en) * | 1946-05-04 | 1950-07-18 | Pavelle Color Inc | Regeneration of photographic silver bleach solution |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2944895A (en) * | 1955-04-13 | 1960-07-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Regeneration of photographic silver bleach solutions |
| US2843482A (en) * | 1956-03-30 | 1958-07-15 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic bleach composition |
| US2943935A (en) * | 1957-05-15 | 1960-07-05 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Stabilization of photographic bleach powders containing an alkali metal ferricyanide |
| US3869383A (en) * | 1971-11-17 | 1975-03-04 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Process for treating waste photographic processing solutions |
| US3770437A (en) * | 1972-04-06 | 1973-11-06 | D Brugger | Photographic bleach compositions |
| US3839043A (en) * | 1972-04-27 | 1974-10-01 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | Process for regenerating spent photographic silver bleaching solutions |
| US3909403A (en) * | 1972-10-23 | 1975-09-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Process of treating waste water |
| US3912514A (en) * | 1973-05-21 | 1975-10-14 | Hunt Chem Corp Philip A | Method of regenerating a spent photographic silver bleach solution |
| US4043814A (en) * | 1974-11-06 | 1977-08-23 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Image intensification |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE866909C (de) | 1953-02-12 |
| GB673058A (en) | 1952-05-28 |
| FR1030282A (fr) | 1953-06-11 |
| BE500332A (en)) |
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