US3256092A - Corrosion inhibitors in bleach solutions - Google Patents

Corrosion inhibitors in bleach solutions Download PDF

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Publication number
US3256092A
US3256092A US177240A US17724062A US3256092A US 3256092 A US3256092 A US 3256092A US 177240 A US177240 A US 177240A US 17724062 A US17724062 A US 17724062A US 3256092 A US3256092 A US 3256092A
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Prior art keywords
bleach
alkali metal
ferricyanide
solution
acid
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US177240A
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Jr Paul B Means
Vincent J Miceli
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GAF Chemicals Corp
Eastman Kodak Co
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General Aniline and Film Corp
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Priority to US177240A priority Critical patent/US3256092A/en
Priority to DEA42171A priority patent/DE1183373B/en
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Publication of US3256092A publication Critical patent/US3256092A/en
Assigned to EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, A CORP. OF NJ. reassignment EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, A CORP. OF NJ. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: GAF CORPORATION
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
    • G03C5/40—Chemically transforming developed images
    • G03C5/44—Bleaching; Bleach-fixing

Definitions

  • this invention relates to stabilized ferricyanide solutions which are employed in color photographic processes to bleach metallic silver to silver salts capable of being removed in subsequent conventional fixing baths.
  • Alkali ferricyanide bleaching solutions have long been used in color photographic processes for the purpose previously referred to.
  • these bleaching solutions suffered from the disadvantages that they had a tendency to corrode the stainless steel containers in which they are usually placed. This corrosion went hand in hand with a decomposition of the bleach solutions.
  • various corrosion inhibitors such as phosphates, nitrates, and dichromates.
  • the inhibitors of the prior art although fairly effective in preventing degradation of the bleach solutions at a high pH, were not effective at pH ranges of about 4-5 and interfered with the hardening of the photographic emulsion layers to which they were applied. Additionally, it was also quite common for the inhibitors to stain or discolor the emulsion layers. It should be immediately obvious that these side effects of the heretofore employed inhibitors reduced the quality of the final photographic reproductions.
  • aliphatic amino polycarboxylic acids and their alkali metal salts such as nitrilotriacetic acid, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid as corrosion inhibitors for conventional ferricyanide bleach solutions.
  • alkali metal salts such as nitrilotriacetic acid, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid.
  • suitable inhibitors include:
  • 1,Z-diaminocyclohexane-tetraacetic acid I Hydroxyethylamino-diacetic acid Dihydroxyethyl-amino-acetic acid Hydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamino-triacetic acid Dihydroxyethyldiamine-diacetic acid Ethylenediamine-di-(ortho-hydroXy-phenylacetic acid) and various aminopolycarboxylic acids, particularly those shown on pages 88-98 of Robert L. Smiths book, The Sequestration of Metals, published in 1959 by Chapman & Hall Ltd., London.
  • the amount of corrosion inhibitor added to conventional ferricyanide bleach solutions is not narrowly critical and can vary over a wide range. However, no particular advantage is gained in corrosion protection when using more than 5 grams of corrosion inhibitor per liter of bleach solution.
  • the preferred concentration is from 1 to 8 grams of inhibitor per liter of bleach solution with 2 to 5 grams per liter being particularly preferred.
  • the specific ferricyanide bleach solutions to which the inhibitors are added are well known in the art. These bleach solutions are composed of an alkali ferricyanide salt such as potassium ferricyanide and water and may also contain various other ingredients such as alkali metal ferrocyanides, bromides and acetates. It is to be understood that the inhibitors of this invention are effective in all ferricyanide bleaches and are not dependent on any specific formulation.
  • the photographic bleach solutions which are used for the processing of color film contain in aqueous solution an alkali metal ferricyanide such as lithium, potassium or sodium ferricyanide as the oxidizing agent which converts the metallic silver formed during development into a silver salt which is soluble in silver halide solvents such as hypo.
  • a bleach solution contains, in addition to the ferricyanide, a halogenizing or converting agent preferably an alkali metal chloride or an alkali metal bromide which converts the silver ferricyanideinitially formed in the bleaching reaction into the less soluble silver chloride or silver bromide and thus impels the bleach reaction to completion.
  • the ferricyanide bleach solutions contain a buffering agent which maintains the desired pH even though small amounts of acids or alkali may be carried into the bleach by the film.
  • the preferred pH of the bleach solutions falls between a range of from 4 to 5.
  • alkali metal phosphates such as disodium and monosodium phosphate, sodium citrate, sodium bisulfate, citric acid or phthalic acid.
  • a metal ferrocyanide is included which gives a tempering action to a freshly mixed bleachsolution in order to simulate the performance of a partially used bleach.
  • the rate of bleaching depends on the oxidation reduction potential which in turn is a function of pH and the relative ferrocyanide-ferricyanide concentration. No such oxidation reduction potential can be established so long as ferricyanide only is in the fresh solution, and no ferrocyanide has been formed as a result of the bleaching action.
  • the desired tempering action is achieved by adding to a fresh bleach solution specified amounts of ferrocyanide thus establishing an oxidation reduction potential which otherwise would be set up only after part of the ferricyanide had been reduced to ferrocyanide.
  • the photographic bleach solutions which are contemplated herein contain as their essential ingredients an alkali metal ferricyanide and boric anhydride, together with other bleach adjuvants including buffer mixtures, neutral salts such as sodium sulfate, alkali metal halides,
  • Photographic bleach solutions which we have found stable during storage and processing for considerable periods of time may be compounded in the following proportions, it being understood that all parts are by weight and that suflicient amounts of distilled, soft and preferably demineralized water must be used to make a liter of bleach solution:
  • Example I A bleach solution was prepared by combining the following:
  • Example IV Grams Nitrilotriacetic acid- 5.0 Potassium ferricyanide 30.0 Sodium persulfate 4.0 Sodium bromide 10.0 Sodium acetate 8.0 Citric acid 9.0
  • a photographic bleach solution comprising a solution of an alkali metal ferricyanide and an alkali metal bromide dissolved in demineralized water and having a pH between the range of 4.0 and 5.0, said solution containing as a corrosion inhibitor therefor, an aliphatic compound selected from the group consisting of nitrilotriacetic acid and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and the alkali metal salts of said acids, said inhibitor being present in an amount ranging from 1 to 8 grams per liter of bleach solution.
  • a stabilized photographic bleach solution having a pH between the range of 4.0 and 5.0, said solution having the following composition:
  • An aminopolycaroxylic acid compound selected from the group consisting of nitrilotriacetic acid and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and the alkali metal salts of said acids 1 to 8 Demineralized water to make 1 liter.
  • a photographic bleach solution according to claim 2 which contains as an additional ingredient from 2 to 12 grams of an alkali metal persulfate.
  • a stabilized photographic bleach solution having the following composition:
  • a stabilized photographic bleach solution having the following composition:
  • a stabilized photographic bleach solution having the following composition:
  • a stabilized photographic bleach solution having the following composition:
  • the improvement which comprises adding to said solutions as a corrosion inhibitor, from '1 to 8 grams of an aminopolycarboxylic acid compound selected from the group consisting of nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and the alkali metal salts of said acids.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 3,256,092 CORROSION INHIBITORS IN BLEACH SOLUTIONS Paul B. Means, Jr., and Vincent J. Miceli, Binghamton,
N.Y., assignors to General Aniline & Film-Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware N0 Drawing. Filed Mar. 5, 1962, Ser. No. 177,240 13 Claims. (Cl. 96-60) This invention relates to novel con-corrosive bleach solutions which are particularly adapted to be used in the field of color photography.
More particularly, this invention relates to stabilized ferricyanide solutions which are employed in color photographic processes to bleach metallic silver to silver salts capable of being removed in subsequent conventional fixing baths.
Alkali ferricyanide bleaching solutions have long been used in color photographic processes for the purpose previously referred to. However, these bleaching solutions suffered from the disadvantages that they had a tendency to corrode the stainless steel containers in which they are usually placed. This corrosion went hand in hand with a decomposition of the bleach solutions. In order to overcome the tendency of these bleaches to corrode stainless steel while being decomposed at the same time, the art resorted to the use of various corrosion inhibitors such as phosphates, nitrates, and dichromates. The inhibitors of the prior art, although fairly effective in preventing degradation of the bleach solutions at a high pH, were not effective at pH ranges of about 4-5 and interfered with the hardening of the photographic emulsion layers to which they were applied. Additionally, it was also quite common for the inhibitors to stain or discolor the emulsion layers. It should be immediately obvious that these side effects of the heretofore employed inhibitors reduced the quality of the final photographic reproductions.
Therefore, it is an object of this invention to provide novel bleach solutions which are stabilized so as to effectively prevent them from corroding stainless steel and from being decomposed and yet are free from ingredients which will impair the quality of the final photographic reproduction.
We have now discovered that the above object can be obtained by employing aliphatic amino polycarboxylic acids and their alkali metal salts such as nitrilotriacetic acid, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid as corrosion inhibitors for conventional ferricyanide bleach solutions. Other suitable inhibitors include:
1,Z-diaminocyclohexane-tetraacetic acid I Hydroxyethylamino-diacetic acid Dihydroxyethyl-amino-acetic acid Hydroxyethyl-ethylene-diamino-triacetic acid Dihydroxyethyldiamine-diacetic acid Ethylenediamine-di-(ortho-hydroXy-phenylacetic acid) and various aminopolycarboxylic acids, particularly those shown on pages 88-98 of Robert L. Smiths book, The Sequestration of Metals, published in 1959 by Chapman & Hall Ltd., London.
Nordells book, Water Treatment, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, N.Y., 1951). The use of these aminopolycarboxylic acids for the prevention of corrosion by ferricyanide solutions, which have a low pH and have been prepared from distilled or very soft water is, therefore, quite unexpected.
The amount of corrosion inhibitor added to conventional ferricyanide bleach solutions is not narrowly critical and can vary over a wide range. However, no particular advantage is gained in corrosion protection when using more than 5 grams of corrosion inhibitor per liter of bleach solution. The preferred concentration is from 1 to 8 grams of inhibitor per liter of bleach solution with 2 to 5 grams per liter being particularly preferred.
The specific ferricyanide bleach solutions to which the inhibitors are added are well known in the art. These bleach solutions are composed of an alkali ferricyanide salt such as potassium ferricyanide and water and may also contain various other ingredients such as alkali metal ferrocyanides, bromides and acetates. It is to be understood that the inhibitors of this invention are effective in all ferricyanide bleaches and are not dependent on any specific formulation.
In more detail, the photographic bleach solutions which are used for the processing of color film contain in aqueous solution an alkali metal ferricyanide such as lithium, potassium or sodium ferricyanide as the oxidizing agent which converts the metallic silver formed during development into a silver salt which is soluble in silver halide solvents such as hypo. Typically, such a bleach solution contains, in addition to the ferricyanide, a halogenizing or converting agent preferably an alkali metal chloride or an alkali metal bromide which converts the silver ferricyanideinitially formed in the bleaching reaction into the less soluble silver chloride or silver bromide and thus impels the bleach reaction to completion.
It is essential that the bleach reaction be carried out at a pre-selected pH and consequently, the ferricyanide bleach solutions contain a buffering agent which maintains the desired pH even though small amounts of acids or alkali may be carried into the bleach by the film. The preferred pH of the bleach solutions falls between a range of from 4 to 5. Among the more frequently used ingredients of such buffer mixtures are alkali metal phosphates such as disodium and monosodium phosphate, sodium citrate, sodium bisulfate, citric acid or phthalic acid.
In many instances, other ingredients are added. For example, a metal ferrocyanide is included which gives a tempering action to a freshly mixed bleachsolution in order to simulate the performance of a partially used bleach. The rate of bleaching depends on the oxidation reduction potential which in turn is a function of pH and the relative ferrocyanide-ferricyanide concentration. No such oxidation reduction potential can be established so long as ferricyanide only is in the fresh solution, and no ferrocyanide has been formed as a result of the bleaching action. The desired tempering action is achieved by adding to a fresh bleach solution specified amounts of ferrocyanide thus establishing an oxidation reduction potential which otherwise would be set up only after part of the ferricyanide had been reduced to ferrocyanide.
It has also been proposed to prevent the formation of alkali metal ferrocyanide by adding to the fresh bleach solutions an adequate amount of an alkali persulfate such as sodium persulfate, thus keeping the solution continuously oxidized.
The photographic bleach solutions which are contemplated herein contain as their essential ingredients an alkali metal ferricyanide and boric anhydride, together with other bleach adjuvants including buffer mixtures, neutral salts such as sodium sulfate, alkali metal halides,
particularly alkali metal bromides and alkali metal ferrocyanides or akali metal persulfates. Photographic bleach solutions which we have found stable during storage and processing for considerable periods of time may be compounded in the following proportions, it being understood that all parts are by weight and that suflicient amounts of distilled, soft and preferably demineralized water must be used to make a liter of bleach solution:
Parts Alkali metal ferricyanide 30 tol20 Alkali metal halide 2 to 20 Buifer mixture 5 to 30 Alkali metal ferrocyanide 2 to 12 or Alkali metal persulfate 2 to 12 Aminopolycarboxylic acid 2 to 5 In compounding the above bleach powder, one may proceed by dissolving first, the alkali metal ferricyanide and adding the other ingredients later. However, if preferred, all the ingredients may be admixed simultaneously. One of the most important advantages of aminopolycarboxylic acid and their salts lies in the fact that its stabilizing and corrosion inhibiting action is most pronounced in an acidic medium, particularly at a pH between 4.0 and 5.0.
The following examples will illustrate the instant invention Example I A bleach solution was prepared by combining the following:
Grams Potassium ferricyanide 50.0 Potassium ferrocyanide 3H O 5.0 Sodium bromide 15.0 Sodium sulfate 20.0 Sodium acetate 7.5
Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid 5.0
Demineralized water to make 1 liter.
Example Ill Grams Potassium ferricyanide 50.0 Potassium ferrocyanide 5.0 Sodium bromide 15.0 Disodium phosphate 1-1.0 Citric acid 8.0 Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid 4.0 Demineralized water to make 1 liter.
This solution did not deteriorate after 72 hours stor age in a stainless steel container. Under the same testing conditions, an identical solution from which the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid has been omitted, was badly discolored to a deep blue color during the same period.
Example IV Grams Nitrilotriacetic acid- 5.0 Potassium ferricyanide 30.0 Sodium persulfate 4.0 Sodium bromide 10.0 Sodium acetate 8.0 Citric acid 9.0
Disodium phosphate 12.0 Demineralized water to make 1 liter.
This solution was kept for three days at room temperatu-re in a stainless steel container. A solution without nitrilotriacetic acid was badly discolored to a deep blue color under the same testing conditions.
Various modifications such as substituting equivalent materials and varying the proportions of materials used will be obvious to persons skilled in the art. Therefore, the scope of the invention is to be limited solely by the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A photographic bleach solution comprising a solution of an alkali metal ferricyanide and an alkali metal bromide dissolved in demineralized water and having a pH between the range of 4.0 and 5.0, said solution containing as a corrosion inhibitor therefor, an aliphatic compound selected from the group consisting of nitrilotriacetic acid and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and the alkali metal salts of said acids, said inhibitor being present in an amount ranging from 1 to 8 grams per liter of bleach solution.
2. A stabilized photographic bleach solution having a pH between the range of 4.0 and 5.0, said solution having the following composition:
Grams Alkali metal ferricyanide 30 to Alkali metal halide 2 to 20 Buffer mixture 5 to 30 An aminopolycaroxylic acid compound selected from the group consisting of nitrilotriacetic acid and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and the alkali metal salts of said acids 1 to 8 Demineralized water to make 1 liter.
2 which contains as an additional ingredient from 2 to 12 grams of an alkali metal ferrocyanide.
8. A photographic bleach solution according to claim 2 which contains as an additional ingredient from 2 to 12 grams of an alkali metal persulfate.
9. A stabilized photographic bleach solution having the following composition:
Grams Potassium ferricyanide 50.0 Potassium ferrocyanide 3H O 5.0 Sodium bromide 15.0 Sodium sulfate 20.0 Sodium acetate 7.5 Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid 5.0 Demineralized water to make 1 liter.
10. A stabilized photographic bleach solution having the following composition:
Grams Potassium ferricyanide 50.0 Potassium ferrocyanide 3H O 5.0 Sodium bromide 15.0 Sodium sulfate 20.0 Sodium acetate 7.5 Nitrilotriacetic acid 5.0
Demineralized water to make 1 liter.
11. A stabilized photographic bleach solution having the following composition:
12. A stabilized photographic bleach solution having the following composition:
Grams Nitrilotriacetic acid 5.0 Potassium ferricyanide 30.0 Sodium persulfate 4.0 Sodium bromide 10.0 Sodium acetate 8.0 Citric acid 9.0 Disodium phosphate 12.0
Demineralized water to make 1 liter.
13. In a process of inhibiting the corrosive action on stainless steel of an alkali metal ferricyanide bleach solution, said bleach solution having the following composition:
Grams Alkali metal ferricyanide to Alkali metal halide 2 to 20 Bufler mixture 5 to 30 Demineralized water to make 1 liter.
the improvement, which comprises adding to said solutions as a corrosion inhibitor, from '1 to 8 grams of an aminopolycarboxylic acid compound selected from the group consisting of nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and the alkali metal salts of said acids.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,611,700 9/ 1952 Brunner et al. 96-60 FOREIGN PATENTS 774,194 5/1957 Great Britain. 777,635 6/ 1957 Great Britain.
OTHER REFERENCES Chemical Abstracts, vol. 48, 1954, p. 1l069 c- NORMAN G. TORCHIN, Primary Examiner. ABRAHAM H. WINKLESTEIN, Examiner.
5 A. D. RICCI, I. CANNON, Assistant Examiners.

Claims (1)

1. A PHOTOGRAPHIC BLEACH SOLUTION COMPRISING A SOLUTION OF AN ALKAL METAL FERRICYANIDE AND AN ALKALI METAL BROMIDE DISSOLVED IN DEMINERALIZED WATER AND HAVING A PH BETWEEN THE RANGE OF 4.0 AND 5.0, SAID SOLUTION CONTAINING AS A CORROSION INHIBITOR THEREFOR, AN ALIPHATIC COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID AND ETHYLENEDIAMINE TETRAACETIC ACID AND THE ALKALI METAL SALTS OF SAID ACIDS, SAID INHIBITOR BEING PRESENT IN AN AMOUNT RANGING FROM 1 TO 8 GRAMS PER LITER OF BLEACH SOLUTION.
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3645736A (en) * 1968-07-11 1972-02-29 Itek Corp Physical development systems, processes and related materials
US3658535A (en) * 1967-12-27 1972-04-25 Agfa Gevaert Nv Photography
US3960565A (en) * 1973-11-12 1976-06-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Silver bleaching solutions
US4277556A (en) * 1976-08-18 1981-07-07 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Process for treating light-sensitive silver halide color photographic materials
US4328306A (en) * 1979-08-29 1982-05-04 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Processing method for color photographic materials
US5716767A (en) * 1995-12-29 1998-02-10 Agfa-Gevaert Ag Bleaching bath for photographic black-&-white material
US6033834A (en) * 1994-01-19 2000-03-07 Eastman Kodak Company Bleach starter for color photographic processes
US20160362804A1 (en) * 2014-02-25 2016-12-15 Entegris, Inc. Wet based formulations for the selective removal of noble metals

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2611700A (en) * 1949-12-30 1952-09-23 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Regeneration of exhausted silver bleach solutions by means of n-bromo compounds
GB774194A (en) * 1954-06-19 1957-05-08 Photo Chemical Company Ltd Improvements in photographic bleach-fix baths
GB777635A (en) * 1954-03-11 1957-06-26 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Improvements in or relating to a process for simultaneously bleaching and fixing a photographic colour image

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE866605C (en) * 1944-11-27 1953-02-12 Bayer Ag Process for making photographic attenuator and bleach-fix baths
BE528764A (en) * 1953-05-13
DE1051117B (en) * 1957-09-03 1959-02-19 Agfa Ag Process for simultaneously bleaching and fixing a color photographic image

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2611700A (en) * 1949-12-30 1952-09-23 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Regeneration of exhausted silver bleach solutions by means of n-bromo compounds
GB777635A (en) * 1954-03-11 1957-06-26 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Improvements in or relating to a process for simultaneously bleaching and fixing a photographic colour image
GB774194A (en) * 1954-06-19 1957-05-08 Photo Chemical Company Ltd Improvements in photographic bleach-fix baths

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3658535A (en) * 1967-12-27 1972-04-25 Agfa Gevaert Nv Photography
US3645736A (en) * 1968-07-11 1972-02-29 Itek Corp Physical development systems, processes and related materials
US3960565A (en) * 1973-11-12 1976-06-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Silver bleaching solutions
US4277556A (en) * 1976-08-18 1981-07-07 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Process for treating light-sensitive silver halide color photographic materials
US4328306A (en) * 1979-08-29 1982-05-04 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Processing method for color photographic materials
US6033834A (en) * 1994-01-19 2000-03-07 Eastman Kodak Company Bleach starter for color photographic processes
US5716767A (en) * 1995-12-29 1998-02-10 Agfa-Gevaert Ag Bleaching bath for photographic black-&-white material
US20160362804A1 (en) * 2014-02-25 2016-12-15 Entegris, Inc. Wet based formulations for the selective removal of noble metals

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Owner name: EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, 343 STATE ST. ROCHESTER, N.

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GAF CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004049/0808

Effective date: 19820910