US2476544A - Antistain agents for silver bleach solutions - Google Patents

Antistain agents for silver bleach solutions Download PDF

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US2476544A
US2476544A US563996A US56399644A US2476544A US 2476544 A US2476544 A US 2476544A US 563996 A US563996 A US 563996A US 56399644 A US56399644 A US 56399644A US 2476544 A US2476544 A US 2476544A
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silver
bleaching
color
solution
film
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US563996A
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Harold C Harsh
James E Bates
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GAF Chemicals Corp
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General Aniline and Film Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G03C7/42—Bleach-fixing or agents therefor ; Desilvering processes
    • G03C7/421—Additives other than bleaching or fixing agents

Definitions

  • This invention relates to photographic bleaching baths, particularly to bleaching baths employed in multicolor photography, and especially to non-staining baths for the bleaching of the silver image in a multicolor film following color coupling development.
  • the exposed film is first developed with a normal black and white developer to produce a negative. After development the black and white negative film, without being fixed, is then exposed to general illumination followed by a second development with a color forming developer. During the first and second development the silver halides in all the layers are reduced to metallic silver. After the second development the film is cleared in running water for a period of from 15 seconds to 2 minutes, hardened in an aqueous solution consisting of either alum or potassium chrome alum for 5 minutes and then washed in running water from to 20 minutes.
  • the silver present in all the layers formed during the first and second development is converted into a salt by any of the known silver-salt formers, commonly known as bleaching baths, and the silver-salt thus formed is then removed by solution in a silversalt solvent such as, for example, hypo.
  • a silversalt solvent such as, for example, hypo.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to eliminate excessive washingtimes of a color developed multicolor film and to provide an improved bleaching bath which prevents the formation of stain.
  • aliphatic aldehydes such as formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde (trioxymethylene), acetaldehyde (paraldehyde) aldol, crotonaldehyde, propionaldehyde and the like.
  • concentration of the aliphatic aldehyde required may vary considerably. For instance, as little as 5 cc. of an aliphatic aldehyde per liter of bleach solution has been found to eliminate stain, and as much as cc.
  • bleach solutions contain an oxidizing agent dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as, for example, water, with or without the presence of other adjuvants.
  • a suitable solvent such as, for example, water
  • a typical bleach solution consists of grams of an oxidizing agent per liter of solution, and may contain one or more of the following ingredients:
  • an oxidizing agent we mean an inorganic compound such as potassium bromide or sodium thiocyanate which by reason of a difierence in solubility will replace the silver ferrocyanide formed in the bleaching reaction (when ferricyanide is used as the oxidizing agent) to form silver bromide or silver thiooyanate and: thus impel the bleaching reactionto-completion.
  • Con verting agents are sometimes called halogenizing agents.
  • buffering agents we mean any substance that is added to bring the bleach solution to a specified pH and to maintain this pH even though small amounts of acids or alkali may be carried into the: bleach by the filma
  • the pI-Is used in bleaching color films are generally maintained between 3 and 9-.
  • solvent we refer to the liquid in which the above materials are dissolved which is usually water.
  • the films were Washed for 2" minutes in running water, and thengiven a second exposure-
  • the color developed films were rinsed for 1 minute in running water, and hardened for 5 minutes in a 3% aqueous solution of chrome alum.
  • the first washed film was treated in solution No. 1 and the second washed film was treated in solution No. 2 of the following compositions:
  • Disodium mono potassium ferricyanide gramss 100 100 Potassium bromide do 10 10 Sodium tetra phosphate do.. 20 20 Disodium phosphate do 40 40 Sodium bisulfate do 25 Formalin (35-40% solution of formaldel-iyde ingwater) cc 20 Water to make up liters 1 1
  • the two bleached film sheets were then washed in water for 5 minutes, fixed for 5 minutes in a 20% aqueous hypo solution, washed for an additional 5 minutes and then dried.
  • the film bleached in solution No. 1 showed objectionable bluish stains, whereas the film bleached in solution No. 2 containing formalin was clear and unstained.
  • the first washed film wastreated in solution No. '1 and the second washed film was treated in solution No. 2 of the following compositions:
  • Example III Example IV Example II was repeated with the exception that bleach bath No. 2 contained cc. of croton- 3. The method of preventing the staining action of a bleaching bath during the bleaching of aldehyde instead of paraformaldehyde. The film bleached in the solution containing no crotonaldehyde showed objectionable bluish stains,
  • organic hardening agents such as the hydroxy aldehydes described in Sheppard and I-Iouch, United States Patent 2,059,817, and the dialkyl diketones described in Staud and Briggs, United States Patent 2,963,351, may also be employed.
  • the method of preventing the staining action of a bleaching bath during the bleaching of silver in an exposed and color-developed photographic emulsion containing a residual color coupler and a residual aromatic primary amino developing agent which comprises treating the said emulsion with a silver bleaching bath containing as the only oxidizing agent a Watersoluble inorganic oxidizing agent, selected from the class consisting of alkali metal ferricyanides and persulfates, and a carbonyl compound selected from the class consisting of aliphatic aldehydes and dialkyl di-ketones.
  • silver in an exposed and color-developed photographic emulsion containing a residual color coupler and a residual aromatic primary amino developing agent which comprises treating the said emulsion with a silver bleaching bath containing as the only oxidizing agent a watersoluble inorganic oxidizing agent selected from the class consisting of alkali metal ferricyanides and persulfates, and acetaldehyde;

Description

Patented July 19, 1949 ANTISTAIN AGENTS FOR, SILVER BLEACH SOLUTIONS Harold C. Harsh and James E. Bates, Binghamton,
Corporation, New York, N. Y.,
Delaware N. Y., assignors to General Aniline & Film a corporation of N Drawing. Application November 17, 1944,
Serial No. 563,996
Claims. (Cl. 9588) This invention relates to photographic bleaching baths, particularly to bleaching baths employed in multicolor photography, and especially to non-staining baths for the bleaching of the silver image in a multicolor film following color coupling development.
It is known that in the processing of multicolor reversal film, the exposed film is first developed with a normal black and white developer to produce a negative. After development the black and white negative film, without being fixed, is then exposed to general illumination followed by a second development with a color forming developer. During the first and second development the silver halides in all the layers are reduced to metallic silver. After the second development the film is cleared in running water for a period of from 15 seconds to 2 minutes, hardened in an aqueous solution consisting of either alum or potassium chrome alum for 5 minutes and then washed in running water from to 20 minutes. After the latter treatment, the silver present in all the layers formed during the first and second development is converted into a salt by any of the known silver-salt formers, commonly known as bleaching baths, and the silver-salt thus formed is then removed by solution in a silversalt solvent such as, for example, hypo.
Prior to the bleaching operation it is essential that all traces of residual second or color developer be removed, otherwise stains will be formed during the bleaching operation by the oxidation of the residual developing agent and subsequent coupling with unreacted color former, particularly noticeable in the highlight areas. In order to convert the difficultly soluble color developing agent to its salt and to wash it from the film so as to prevent staining, rinses in acid hardening solutions such as, for example:
(1) 5% potassium chrome alum (2) 3% potassium alum+1% acetic acid (3) 3% potassium alum+3% sodium acetate+ 1 sodium bisulfate (4) 2% potassium chrome alum+2 sodium acetate+2% sodium citrate and short stop baths such as, for example:
(1) 1% acetic acid (2) 1% sodium bisulfite (3) 3% sodium acetate-14% sodium bisulfate (4) 5% potassium acid phthalate together with extended washing times in running water from 15 minutes to 120 minutes have been proposed. Despite these proposals and the time 55 chemical compound that will oxidize a metallicconsuming washing step, stains are nevertheless formed during the bleaching operation. It is believed that the staining results from the oxidation of traces of the color developing compounds retained in the layers of the film following color forming development which then react with the usused color former.
The principal object of the present invention is to eliminate excessive washingtimes of a color developed multicolor film and to provide an improved bleaching bath which prevents the formation of stain.
Other objects and features of the invention will become more apparent as the description proceeds.
We have found that the above objects are accomplished by incorporating into a bleach solution commonly known and used in color photography one of the aliphatic aldehydes, such as formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde (trioxymethylene), acetaldehyde (paraldehyde) aldol, crotonaldehyde, propionaldehyde and the like. This discovery makes it possible to considerably reduce the washing time between color development and the bleaching operation. The concentration of the aliphatic aldehyde required may vary considerably. For instance, as little as 5 cc. of an aliphatic aldehyde per liter of bleach solution has been found to eliminate stain, and as much as cc. per liter can be used without interference with the properties of the bleaching solution. Amounts higher than 80 cc. per liter can be employed, but there seems to be little improvement in stain prevention above a concentration of 40 cc. per liter. For practical purposes, however, concentrations ranging between 10 cc. and 40 cc. per liter are most desirable. Inorganic hardeners such as alum and potassium chrome alum can also be employed instead of the organic gelatin hardeners. The stain reduction obtained, however, with the former is considerably less than that obtained with the latter.
As is well-known, all bleach solutions contain an oxidizing agent dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as, for example, water, with or without the presence of other adjuvants. A typical bleach solution consists of grams of an oxidizing agent per liter of solution, and may contain one or more of the following ingredients:
By an oxidizing agent we mean an inorganic compound such as potassium bromide or sodium thiocyanate which by reason of a difierence in solubility will replace the silver ferrocyanide formed in the bleaching reaction (when ferricyanide is used as the oxidizing agent) to form silver bromide or silver thiooyanate and: thus impel the bleaching reactionto-completion. Con verting agents are sometimes called halogenizing agents.
By buffering agents we mean any substance that is added to bring the bleach solution to a specified pH and to maintain this pH even though small amounts of acids or alkali may be carried into the: bleach by the filma The pI-Is used in bleaching color films are generally maintained between 3 and 9-.
By corrosionpreventiveswe refer to thosecompounds Which retardthe' corrosive efiect of the bleach solution on ,developing tanks, trays, etc. Large quantities (20-80 grams-per liter) of alkali metal phosphates such as disodium phosphate, sodium tetraphosphate and the like, as well as the dialkylamino alcohols'desoribed in United States Patent 2 ,327,813,'have been found to prevent corrosion effectively.
By solvent we refer to the liquid in which the above materials are dissolved which is usually water.
The following examplesdeseribe in detailmetheds for accomplishing the above objects, but it is to be understood that they are inserted merely for purposes of illustration and are not to be construed as limiting the'scope'of the invention.
Eilid'm'pl I Two exposed 4 x5" multilayer color film sheets of the reversal type'were developed for minutes at 68 F. in a-developer of the following composition:
l-Iydroquinone 'do s 4 Sodium carbonate '1 1 ;do 80 sodium thiocya-nate l1 1 do 5 Potassium bromide -1 11 1- do 4 Water to make up- 1 Tisha-liters 1 The developed firms were short Stopped for 3 minutes in a 3% aqueous solution-of acetic acid or other acid ester.
The films were Washed for 2" minutes in running water, and thengiven a second exposure- The color developed films were rinsed for 1 minute in running water, and hardened for 5 minutes in a 3% aqueous solution of chrome alum.
The hardened: films were washed for '5 minutes in running water; V
The first washed film was treated in solution No. 1 and the second washed film was treated in solution No. 2 of the following compositions:
N0. 1 No. 2
Disodium mono potassium ferricyanide gramss 100 100 Potassium bromide do 10 10 Sodium tetra phosphate do.. 20 20 Disodium phosphate do 40 40 Sodium bisulfate do 25 Formalin (35-40% solution of formaldel-iyde ingwater) cc 20 Water to make up liters 1 1 The two bleached film sheets were then washed in water for 5 minutes, fixed for 5 minutes in a 20% aqueous hypo solution, washed for an additional 5 minutes and then dried. The film bleached in solution No. 1 showed objectionable bluish stains, whereas the film bleached in solution No. 2 containing formalin was clear and unstained.
Ezcample II Two exposed 1" x 5" multilayer color film sheets of the negative type were developed for 10 minutes at 68 F. in a developer of thefollowing composition:
Sodium sulfite grams 0.5 2-arnino-5-diethylamino toluene hydrochloride g'rams 2.5 Hydroxylamine I-ICl do 1 Sodium carbonate d0 65 Potassium bromide do' 2.5 Water to make up liters 1 The developed films were short stopped for 5 minutes in a solutionoi the following composition:
Mono potassium phosphate grams 8O Disodium phosphate do 20 Water to make up 111 liters 1 The films we're hardened for 3 minutes in a 3% chrome alum solution, and washed for 5 minutes in running water.
The first washed film wastreated in solution No. '1 and the second washed film was treated in solution No. 2 of the following compositions:
7 No. 1 N0. 2 Potassium ferricyanide -grains 100 Disodium phosphate 11 do 4.3 4.3 Mono potassium phosphate do 5.8 5.8 Potassium bromide 1 do 10 10 Sodium sulfite do 0.5 Paraformaldehyde d0' 16 Water to make up liters 1 1 The paraiormal'dehyde in the above formula is relatively difficult to dissolve unless a small amount of alkali or sodium sulfite is first added to the water. We have found that 16 grams of p'araformaldeh'yde dissolved with the aid of 0.5 grams of sodium 's'ulfite to be the equivalent of 40-50 cc. of formalin.
The two bleached sheet films were then washed for 5. minutes, fixed for 5 minutes in a 20% aqueous solution of hypo, washed an additional 15 minutes and then dried. Asin Example]; the film bleached in solution No. 1, containing no paraformaldehyde, showed-bluish stains, whereas the film bleachedin solution No.2 was clear and unstained.
Example III Example IV Example II was repeated with the exception that bleach bath No. 2 contained cc. of croton- 3. The method of preventing the staining action of a bleaching bath during the bleaching of aldehyde instead of paraformaldehyde. The film bleached in the solution containing no crotonaldehyde showed objectionable bluish stains,
while the film bleached with the solution con-' taining crotonaldehyde was clear and unstained.
In place of aliphatic aldehydes referred to above, organic hardening agents such as the hydroxy aldehydes described in Sheppard and I-Iouch, United States Patent 2,059,817, and the dialkyl diketones described in Staud and Briggs, United States Patent 2,963,351, may also be employed.
The above specific examples are to be regarded as merely illustrative of the invention, and not in any sense restrictive. It will be obvious to anyone skilled in the art that many modifications such as substituting equivalent materials and varying the proportions of materials used are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
We claim:
1. The method of preventing the staining action of a bleaching bath during the bleaching of silver in an exposed and color-developed photographic emulsion containing a residual color coupler and a residual aromatic primary amino developing agent which comprises treating the said emulsion with a silver bleaching bath containing as the only oxidizing agent a Watersoluble inorganic oxidizing agent, selected from the class consisting of alkali metal ferricyanides and persulfates, and a carbonyl compound selected from the class consisting of aliphatic aldehydes and dialkyl di-ketones.
2. The method of preventing the staining action of a bleaching bath during the bleaching of silver in an exposed and color-developed photographic emulsion containing a residual color coupler and a residual aromatic primary amino developing agent which comprises treating the said emulsion with a silver bleaching bath containing as the only oxidizing agent a watersoluble inorganic oxidizing agent selected from the class consisting of alkali metal ferricyanides and persulfates, and formaldehyde. 4
silver in an exposed and color-developed photographic emulsion containing a residual color coupler and a residual aromatic primary amino developing agent which comprises treating the said emulsion with a silver bleaching bath containing as the only oxidizing agent a watersoluble inorganic oxidizing agent selected from the class consisting of alkali metal ferricyanides and persulfates, and acetaldehyde;
4. The method of preventing the staining action of a bleaching bath during the bleaching of silver in an exposed and color-developed photographic emulsion containing a residual color coupler and a residual aromatic primary amino developing agent which comprises treating the said emulsion with a silver bleaching bath containing as the only oxidizing agent a watersoluble inorganic oxidizing agent selected from the class consisting of alkali metal ferricyanides and persulfates; and crotonaldehyde.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the concentration of the aliphatic aldehyde and dialkyl di-ketone ranges from 5 to parts per liter of bleach.
HAROLD O. I-IARSI-I.
JAMES E. BATES.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,214,940 Miller Feb. 6, 1917 1,697,194 Leventhal Jan. 1, 1929 1,939,026 Spencer et al. Dec. 12, 1933 1,969,479 Seymour Augc 7, 1934 2,018,195 Thornton Oct. 22, 1935 2,171,609 Snyder et a1 Sept. 5, 1939 2,331,492 Michaelis Oct. 12, 1943 2,356,477 Staud 'et al Aug. 22, 1944 2,356,486 Weissberger et a1. Aug. 22, 1944 2,367,548 Vittum A Jan. 16, 1945 2,378,265 Vittum June 12, 1945 2,384,658 Vittum ..Sept. 11, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 261,201 Great Britain Nov. 18, 1926 OTHER REFERENCES Warburg, Brit. J. Phot. Monthly Supplement on Colour Phot., volume 25, page 9, March 6, 1931. (Copy in Patent Office Library.)
US563996A 1944-11-17 1944-11-17 Antistain agents for silver bleach solutions Expired - Lifetime US2476544A (en)

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GB28465/45A GB603121A (en) 1944-11-17 1945-10-27 Improvements in photographic solutions for coverting silver images to silver salt images

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2885288A (en) * 1954-07-21 1959-05-05 Ici Ltd Colour photographic process
US2980536A (en) * 1956-07-02 1961-04-18 Morton Chemical Co Photographic shortstop compositions
US4960682A (en) * 1988-12-19 1990-10-02 Eastman Kodak Company Bleaching compositions containing a dye-stabilizing agent and use thereof in photographic color processing
US5795681A (en) * 1994-07-09 1998-08-18 Mueller; Helmut Stabilization of holograms formed in gelatin

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2626215A (en) * 1950-03-03 1953-01-20 Miracol R Ltd Method of developing multilayer color films

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1214940A (en) * 1915-02-26 1917-02-06 Brewster Film Corp Coloring or dyeing photographic images.
GB261201A (en) * 1924-08-15 1926-11-18 Karl Emil Taeschner Improved method of and means for reducing photographic negatives, positives, films, bromide and gaslight prints
US1697194A (en) * 1923-01-31 1929-01-01 Jacob F Leventhal Method of color photography
US1939026A (en) * 1931-04-23 1933-12-12 Spencer Colored gelatine relief image
US1969479A (en) * 1931-05-11 1934-08-07 Eastman Kodak Co Method of producing color photographic images by development
US2018195A (en) * 1934-03-29 1935-10-22 Thornton John Edward Production of photographic and cinematograph mosaic color positives
US2171609A (en) * 1936-01-18 1939-09-05 Technico Inc Toning photographic prints
US2331492A (en) * 1938-06-13 1943-10-12 Chromogen Inc Process and material for printing photographic images
US2356486A (en) * 1943-04-15 1944-08-22 Eastman Kodak Co Stain prevention in color photography
US2356477A (en) * 1941-03-25 1944-08-22 Eastman Kodak Co Hardeners for photographic processing solutions
US2367548A (en) * 1942-09-04 1945-01-16 Eastman Kodak Co Hardening and stain prevention process in color photography
US2378265A (en) * 1941-01-17 1945-06-12 Eastman Kodak Co Color photography
US2384658A (en) * 1943-07-10 1945-09-11 Eastman Kodak Co Color photography

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1214940A (en) * 1915-02-26 1917-02-06 Brewster Film Corp Coloring or dyeing photographic images.
US1697194A (en) * 1923-01-31 1929-01-01 Jacob F Leventhal Method of color photography
GB261201A (en) * 1924-08-15 1926-11-18 Karl Emil Taeschner Improved method of and means for reducing photographic negatives, positives, films, bromide and gaslight prints
US1939026A (en) * 1931-04-23 1933-12-12 Spencer Colored gelatine relief image
US1969479A (en) * 1931-05-11 1934-08-07 Eastman Kodak Co Method of producing color photographic images by development
US2018195A (en) * 1934-03-29 1935-10-22 Thornton John Edward Production of photographic and cinematograph mosaic color positives
US2171609A (en) * 1936-01-18 1939-09-05 Technico Inc Toning photographic prints
US2331492A (en) * 1938-06-13 1943-10-12 Chromogen Inc Process and material for printing photographic images
US2378265A (en) * 1941-01-17 1945-06-12 Eastman Kodak Co Color photography
US2356477A (en) * 1941-03-25 1944-08-22 Eastman Kodak Co Hardeners for photographic processing solutions
US2367548A (en) * 1942-09-04 1945-01-16 Eastman Kodak Co Hardening and stain prevention process in color photography
US2356486A (en) * 1943-04-15 1944-08-22 Eastman Kodak Co Stain prevention in color photography
US2384658A (en) * 1943-07-10 1945-09-11 Eastman Kodak Co Color photography

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2885288A (en) * 1954-07-21 1959-05-05 Ici Ltd Colour photographic process
US2980536A (en) * 1956-07-02 1961-04-18 Morton Chemical Co Photographic shortstop compositions
US4960682A (en) * 1988-12-19 1990-10-02 Eastman Kodak Company Bleaching compositions containing a dye-stabilizing agent and use thereof in photographic color processing
US5795681A (en) * 1994-07-09 1998-08-18 Mueller; Helmut Stabilization of holograms formed in gelatin

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