US2608670A - High-frequency tube structure - Google Patents

High-frequency tube structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US2608670A
US2608670A US716211A US71621146A US2608670A US 2608670 A US2608670 A US 2608670A US 716211 A US716211 A US 716211A US 71621146 A US71621146 A US 71621146A US 2608670 A US2608670 A US 2608670A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
envelope
resonator
members
electrodes
quarter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US716211A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edward L Ginzton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Unisys Corp
Original Assignee
Sperry Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL77933D priority Critical patent/NL77933C/xx
Priority claimed from US428682A external-priority patent/US2414785A/en
Priority to GB1238/45A priority patent/GB606802A/en
Priority to GB2308/45A priority patent/GB606804A/en
Priority to GB1588/43A priority patent/GB606794A/en
Priority to GB1239/45A priority patent/GB606803A/en
Priority to GB1237/45A priority patent/GB606801A/en
Priority to GB1240/45A priority patent/GB607201A/en
Priority to GB6922/45A priority patent/GB607203A/en
Priority to US716209A priority patent/US2604605A/en
Application filed by Sperry Corp filed Critical Sperry Corp
Priority to US716211A priority patent/US2608670A/en
Priority to US716212A priority patent/US2581404A/en
Priority to US716320A priority patent/US2593443A/en
Priority to FR999982D priority patent/FR999982A/fr
Priority to DES20354A priority patent/DE883926C/de
Publication of US2608670A publication Critical patent/US2608670A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/22—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone
    • H01J25/24—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone in which the electron stream is in the axis of the resonator or resonators and is pencil-like before reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/12—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream in the axis of the resonators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the art including electron discharge devices and is more particularly directed to improvements in such devices utilizing cavity resonators and adapted to operate at ultra-high and super-high frequencies (also termed microwaves) "of the order of about 300 megacycles per second and higher.
  • ultra-high and super-high frequencies also termed microwaves
  • the present invention is directed toward improved apparatus for overcoming these difficulties.
  • a microwave filter structure is provided in conjunction with external cavity resonators of this type so as to present substantially a short circuit or zero impedance between the internal electrodes and the external resonator. From another viewpoint, this structure provides a wave trap arrangement preventing microwave leakage.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the device of Fig. 1 taken along line 22 thereof, and turned 90 degrees.
  • envelope section 89 is formed of dielectric material having low-loss at the operating frequency and may, for example, be formed of quartz.
  • Section [0 may be formed of a conventional soft glass suitable for forming into a press such as shown at 93, the connecting section I being a graded seal for connecting these two different materials.
  • Contained within envelope section 89 is a cathode 90 supported upon an insulator 80, which in turn, is supported from press 93 by rigid leads 92.
  • a pair of grids B5, 88 Adjacent the upper end of cathode 98, which is its emitting surface, are a pair of grids B5, 88 formed, for example, of radially inward-directed strips fixed to a supporting encircling ring.
  • Grids 85, 88 are supported at the adjoining ends of respective tubular members 84, 81, which, are positioned within envelope section 89 and close to the inner surface thereof.
  • On the side of grid 85 opposite cathode 90 is a reflector electrode 9
  • Tubular members 84, 81 have respective leads 30, 3
  • a cavity resonator structure 82 Surrounding the envelope section 89 is a cavity resonator structure 82, having a pair of tubular portions 83, 8 6 closely surrounding envelope 89 and capacitively coupled to the tubular members 84, 81 respectively through the vacuum envelope 89.
  • Resonator 82 also has an outer cylindrical wall 96 connected to the tubular members 83, 86 by respective disc walls H, 12. In this way, the field within resonator 82, and especially that portion thereof between the juxtaposed ends of tubular members 83, 86, is impressed between electrodes 85, 88 by means of the capacitive coupling between tubular members 83 and 84 and between 86 and 81.
  • the outer cylindrical wall'of resonator is 82 is extended in both directions to form the outer wall of cavities 9'5, 98 on each side thereof.
  • the ends of cavity 81, 98 are closed by apertured discs 99, I60 respectively thereby forming an enclosing vessel having three cavities 82, 91 and 98 therein.
  • Tubular conductors llll, l02'snugly fitting the vacuum envelope 89 are fastened within the apertures of discs 99, I respectively; whereby a portion of each of these tubes I0 I, I02 extends into the cavities 91, 98 and a portion extends beyond the discs 99, 1'80 respectively.
  • Tubes HM, 83, 8 and 102 are each made substantially electrically a quarter-wavelength long, the distance between tubes Nil and 83 and that between tubes 86 and 192 also being substantially electrically equal to a quarter-wavelength of the operating frequency.
  • Tube 32 and member 81 form a coaxial transmission line of length equal to one-quarter-wavelength and of a characteristic impedance which may be designated by Z1.
  • the impedance at point 3 viewed outwardly from the resonator is largely resistive and may be designated by R.
  • this resistance R istransformed to an impedance equal to viewed outwardly from point ,4.
  • the impedance at point 5 viewed toward point 4 is V Z2 R X (a) Tubes 36 and 81 form a quarter-wavelength section of concentric transmission line of character istic impedance equal to Z1. Therefore, the impedance at point 6v viewed outwardly is given by the following expression:
  • a concentric transmission line terminal H having a coupling loop l2 perpendicularto the plane of the section of Fig. 2 is insulatedly supported from resonator 82 by meansof an insulating-bushing is so that resonator '82 may be held at any desired potential relative to line i E.
  • Tuning of resonator 82 may be accomplished by means of a plug M threaded to the wall of resonator 82. Adjustment of the extension of screw 4 l4 into resonator 82 accomplishes tuning of the resonator in the manner disclosed in United States Patent 2,259,690. Similar or other tuning means may be provided in cavities 9'! and 98 as desired.
  • a. high frequency tube structure means for producing an electron stream, an evacuated substantially cylindrical insulating envelope surrounding said stream, spaced grid members within said envelope, a hollow resonator capacitively coupled through said envelope to said grid members for setting up an alternating electric field therebetween for coacting with said electron stream, and means including a portion of said envelope and said resonator providing an impedance between said grid members and the respective ends of said envelope for reducing, the escape of electromagnetic energy endwise of said envelope, said last-named means including a quarter wavelength coaxial 7 transmission line having open ends.
  • electronstream-producing means an evacuated insulating envelope surrounding the path of said stream, a tubular sleeve coaxial with said path, spaced gridmembers within said envelope and defining a gap, one of said grid members being located adjacent one end of said sleeve, a hollow resonator capacity-coupled through said envelope to said grid members for setting up an alternating electric field there'oetween for coacting with said electron stream, a portion of said sleeve and a portion of said resonator providing an open-ended quarter wavelength coaxial transmission line having one. end adjacent said gap, and resonant chamber means for providing a variable imped-.
  • a high frequency tube. structure comprising an evacuated insulating envelope, tube electrodes within said envelope disposed so that their opposed ends are somewhat spaced apart, a hollow resonator surrounding said envelope, said resonator being coupled to said tube electrodes and serving to establish an alternating electric field between the opposed end portions of said tube electrodes, means for setting up an electron stream within said envelope coacting upon said alternating electric field, and filter means comprising cavity members located at opposite ends of said hollow resonator and surrounding said envelope, said cavity members being capacity coupled to said tube electrodes and providing impedance means variable along the length 01' said envelope substantially a distance electrically equal to a quarter wavelength for blocking the escape of energy endwise of said insulating envelope, said resonator cooperating with said envelope to provide a quarter wavelength trap for further blocking the escape energy endwise of said envelope.
  • a high frequency tube structure comprising an evacuated substantially cylindrical envelope, means within said envelope for producing an electron stream, a pair of spaced electrodes within said envelope along the path of said stream and defining a gap therebetween, a pair of first tubular members outside said envelope having a gap registering with said first gap, said first members being electrically one-quarter-wavelength long at the operating frequency, means coupled to said members and defining a cavity resonator therewith, and means for presenting leakage of high frequency energy from between said electrodes and said members, said last-named means comprising a pair of further quarter-wavelength tubular members each surrounding said envelope and spaced a quarter-wavelength from a respective one of said first members, and means coupled between one of said first tubular members and one of said further tubular members and defining therewith a cavity having a high characteristic impedance for minimizing energy leakage.
  • Tube structure as in claim 7 further including a pair of tubular members within said envelope connected respectively to said electrodes and coaxial with said first and further tubular members, and forming therewith over their coextensive portions coaxial line sections of low characteristic impedance.
  • a high frequency tube structure comprising an evacuated substantially cylindrical envelope, means within said envelope for producing an electron stream, a pair of spaced electrodes within said envelope along the path of said stream and defining a gap therebetween, a pair of first tubular members outside said envelope having a gap registering with said first gap, said members be ing a, quarter-wavelength long at the operating frequency, a second tubular member within said first envelope connected to one of said electrodes and coaxial with said first tubular members means coupled to said first members and defining a first cavity resonator therewith, means comprising a, third quarter-wavelength tubular member surrounding the envelope and spaced a quarter-wavelength from the end of one of said pair of tubular members most remote from said electrodes, and means including a portion of said first cavity resonator defining means and a portion of said third member coupled between said one of said first tubular members andsaid third further tubular member and defining a second cavity resonator having a high characteristic impedance, one of said first members and said third member
  • An electron discharge device comprising a vessel having a portion defining a cylindrical, metallic concave surface, a unitary electrode assembly within said vessel including a pair of cooperative electrodes, and means mounting said electrode assembly within said vessel including a cylindrical metallic member connected electrically to one of said electrodes and a cylinder of dielectric material, surrounding said cylindrical metallic member, said cylinder of dielectric material being located immediately adjacent said cylindrical concave surface and defining a con denser therewith and with said cylindrical member.

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  • Gyroscopes (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US716211A 1942-01-29 1946-12-14 High-frequency tube structure Expired - Lifetime US2608670A (en)

Priority Applications (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL77933D NL77933C (is") 1942-01-29
GB2308/45A GB606804A (en) 1942-01-29 1943-01-29 Improvements in or relating to reflex electron discharge modulator devices
GB1588/43A GB606794A (en) 1942-01-29 1943-01-29 Improvements in or relating to tuning means for electron discharge devices
GB1239/45A GB606803A (en) 1942-01-29 1943-01-29 Improvements in or relating to hollow resonators for electro-magnetic waves
GB1237/45A GB606801A (en) 1942-01-29 1943-01-29 Improvements in or relating to concentric line terminal posts for hollow resonators
GB1240/45A GB607201A (en) 1942-01-29 1943-01-29 Improvements in or relating to high frequency electron discharge device
GB6922/45A GB607203A (en) 1942-01-29 1943-01-29 Improvements in or relating to electrically energised tuning means for high frequency electron discharge devices
GB1238/45A GB606802A (en) 1942-01-29 1943-01-29 Improvements in or relating to high frequency electron discharge apparatus
US716209A US2604605A (en) 1942-01-29 1946-12-14 High-frequency tube structure
US716211A US2608670A (en) 1942-01-29 1946-12-14 High-frequency tube structure
US716212A US2581404A (en) 1942-01-29 1946-12-14 High-frequency modulator apparatus
US716320A US2593443A (en) 1942-01-29 1946-12-14 High-frequency tube structure
FR999982D FR999982A (fr) 1942-01-29 1947-08-04 Tube à vide fonctionnant aux hyperfréquences
DES20354A DE883926C (de) 1942-01-29 1950-10-03 Einrichtung zum Abstimmen eines Elektronenentladungsgeraetes, bei welchem zwei zueinander bewegliche Teile eines Hohlraumresonators und/oder Elektrodensystems gegen zwischen ihnen angeordnete Ab-stuetzungen angedrueckt werden

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US428682A US2414785A (en) 1942-01-29 1942-01-29 High-frequency tube structure
US716211A US2608670A (en) 1942-01-29 1946-12-14 High-frequency tube structure

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2608670A true US2608670A (en) 1952-08-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US716211A Expired - Lifetime US2608670A (en) 1942-01-29 1946-12-14 High-frequency tube structure

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2608670A (is")
FR (1) FR999982A (is")
GB (7) GB607201A (is")
NL (1) NL77933C (is")

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2825844A (en) * 1953-12-02 1958-03-04 Sperry Rand Corp Reflex klystron oscillator tube

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2680209A (en) * 1950-05-12 1954-06-01 Sperry Corp High-frequency apparatus
GB782458A (is") * 1954-04-06
NL245452A (is") * 1958-11-19
GB1009872A (en) * 1962-07-19 1965-11-17 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Reflex klystrons
US3383544A (en) * 1965-02-26 1968-05-14 Raytheon Co Reflex klystron having a gridded shielding electrode adjacent the reflector

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2128234A (en) * 1938-08-30 Electron tube
US2163589A (en) * 1935-06-20 1939-06-27 Pintsch Julius Kg Electron tube
US2167201A (en) * 1935-06-28 1939-07-25 Pintsch Julius Kg Electron tube
US2391016A (en) * 1941-10-31 1945-12-18 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc High-frequency tube structure
US2411299A (en) * 1941-11-12 1946-11-19 Research Corp High-frequency triode oscillator

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2128234A (en) * 1938-08-30 Electron tube
US2163589A (en) * 1935-06-20 1939-06-27 Pintsch Julius Kg Electron tube
US2167201A (en) * 1935-06-28 1939-07-25 Pintsch Julius Kg Electron tube
US2391016A (en) * 1941-10-31 1945-12-18 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc High-frequency tube structure
US2411299A (en) * 1941-11-12 1946-11-19 Research Corp High-frequency triode oscillator

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2825844A (en) * 1953-12-02 1958-03-04 Sperry Rand Corp Reflex klystron oscillator tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR999982A (fr) 1952-02-06
GB607201A (en) 1948-08-26
GB607203A (en) 1948-08-26
GB606802A (en) 1948-08-20
GB606804A (en) 1948-08-20
GB606803A (en) 1948-08-20
NL77933C (is")
GB606794A (en) 1948-08-20
GB606801A (en) 1948-08-20

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