US2575219A - Ferrous alloys and abrasive-resistant articles made therefrom - Google Patents
Ferrous alloys and abrasive-resistant articles made therefrom Download PDFInfo
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- US2575219A US2575219A US205441A US20544151A US2575219A US 2575219 A US2575219 A US 2575219A US 205441 A US205441 A US 205441A US 20544151 A US20544151 A US 20544151A US 2575219 A US2575219 A US 2575219A
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- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940045605 vanadium Drugs 0.000 description 47
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HJIYJLZFNBHCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [V].[C] Chemical compound [V].[C] HJIYJLZFNBHCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLANVVMKMCTKMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanidylidynevanadium(1+) Chemical class [V+]#[C-] ZLANVVMKMCTKMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
Definitions
- a good example is steel for use in the fabrication of router and shaper' bits and lathe tools for the woodworking industry, and for other articles which are subject to considerable abrasion and shock and are thereby rapidly worn to a point where they can nol'onger meet required tolerances in the industry and must be resharpened, resurfaced or otherwise broughtback to the tolerances of the industry.
- alloys for use in installations such as are described above in which the metal is subject to continual or recurring abrasion and impact it isdesirable that they be forgeable and hardenableand yet resist the action of abrasive subtances and the shock of intermittent impacts.
- the search for alloys having certain desirable properties has lead to various combinations of alloying elements including combinations with vanadium. I have found, however, that while the general trend in vanadium alloys of steel has been in the direction of greater hardenability this is not alone the answer to the problem of abrasion resistance, and this is especially true when resistance to shock is also required.
- My present invention provides an abrasionre'sisting alloy in which carbon, within certain limits, is added in excess of that necessary to give the alloy the desired forging and hardening characteristics and vanadium is added in an amount, again within certain limits, such that the ratio of the vanadium in excess of about 1% to the aforementioned excess of carbon is about 4.2:1.
- composition. of my alloy may, however, be selected from
- alloying elements such as nickel, tungsten andcobalt in restricted amounts without detrimentally affecting the ability of the alloy to resist abrasion.
- the composition may fall within the limits. of. the following range of concentrations of alloying elements.
- these concentrations are the concentrations which normally result from the raw materials which I have used and may accordingly vary within reasonable limits depending upon the raw materials used.
- the alloy is foreable and is air hardening as well as being abrasive-resistant when molybdenum is included in the composition. If it is .desired to produce an alloy having similar abrasion resistance and forgeability but at a reduced cost and for use where air hardening is not necessary, the molybdenum may be omitted without materially affecting the other desirable properties.
- An abrasion-resisting alloy comprising about 1.8% of carbon, 5% of chromium, about 0.3% of silicon, about 0.7% of manganese, about 1.1% of molybdenum, about 4% of vanadium, and the balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, in which alloy the vanadium in excess of about 1 is combined with carbon in a ratio of about 4.2: 1.
- An abrasion-resisting alloy having carbon in excess of that necessary to give it the desired hardenability characteristics comprising about 1.65% to 1.95% of carbon, about 4% to 6% of chromium, about 0.1% to 0.7% of silicon, about 0.2% to 0.9% of manganese, about 3% to 5% of vanadium, and the balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, and in which the concentrations of vanadium and carbon within the given limits are adjusted so that the ratio of vanadium in excess of about 1% to the excess carbon is about 4.2: 1.
- An abrasion-resisting alloy having carbon in excess of that necessary to give it the desired hardenability characteristics comprising about 1.65% to 1.95% of carbon, about 4% to 6% of chromium, about 0.1% to 0.7% of silicon, about 0.2% to 0.9% of manganese, about 0.8% to 1.3% of molybdenum, about 3% to 5% of vanadium, and the balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, and in which the concentrations of vanadium and carbon within the given limits are adjusted so that the ratio of vanadium in excess of about 1% to the excess carbon is about 4.2 1.
- An abrasion-resisting alloy having carbon in excess of that necessary to give it the desired hardenability characteristics comprising about 1.8% of carbon, about 0.3% of silicon, about 0.7% of manganese, about 5% of chromium, about 1:70 of vanadium, and the balance substantially with tesiduarimpurities. inordinary amounts,
- B. -An abrasionesisting alloy having carbon in excess of that-necessary to give it the desired hardenability characteristics comprising rabout '1.85% 10fcarbomabout 0.3% :ofxsilicon, about 0.7
- abrasion-resisting article formed 'from a forgeable -abrasion-resisting steel comprising about 1'.65% to 1.95% cf carbon, about 4% to 6 .df-chr'oxniumabout 0.1% to 0.7% of silicon, about 0.
- abmsion-resisting article formed from a forgeable abrasion-resisting steel comprising about 1.65% to 1.95% of carbon, about 4% to 6% of chromium, about 0.1% to 0.7% of silicon, about 0.2% to 0.9% of manganese, about 0.8% to 1.3 of molybdenum, about 3% to 5% of vanadium, and the balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, in which alloys the vanadium in excess of about 1% is combined with carbon in a ratio of about 4.2:1, said article being characterized by a factor of hardenability and forgeability comparable to a steel having less than 1% vanadium and a carbon content less than said article by a value equal to about the per cent vanadium in said article- 1% 4.2
- Anabraslon-resisting article formed from a forgeable abrasion-resisting steel comprising about 1.8% of carbon, about 5% of chromium about 0.3% of silicon, about 0.7% of manganese, about 1.1% of molybdenum, about 4% 01 vanadium, the balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts in which alloy the vanadium in excess of about 1% is combined with carbon in a ratio of about 4.2:1, said article being characterized by factors of hardenability and forgeability comparable to a steel having less than 1% vanadium and a carbon content less than said article by a value equal to about the per cent vanadium in said article- 1 4.2
- An article formed of forgeable abrasionresisting steel having carbon in excess of that necessary to give it the desired hardenability characteristics comprising about 1.65% to 1.95% of carbon, about 4% to 6% of chromium, about 0.1% to 0.7% of silicon, about 0.2% to 0.9% of manganese, about 0.8% to 1.3% of molybdenum,
- An abrasion-resisting alloy comprising I about 1.4% to 4% of carbon, about 4% lie-8% chromium, about 3% to 13% vanadium, about 1% maximum silicon, about 1.5% maximum manganese, less than about 1.5% molybdenum; less than about 3% nickel, less than about 3% tungsten, less than about 5% cobalt and the balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, in which alloy the vanadium in excess of about 1% is combined with carbon in a ratio of about 42:1.
- An abrasion-resisting alloy having carbon in excess of that necessary to give it-the desired hardenability characteristics comprising about 1.4% to 4% of carbon, about 4% to 8% chromium, about 3% to 13% vanadium, about 1% maximum silicon, about 1.5% maximum manganese, ,less than about 1.5 molybdenum, less than about 3 tungsten, less than about 5% cobalt and the balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, and in which the concentrations of vanadium and carbon-are adjusted so that the ratio of vanadium in excess of about 1% to the excess carbon is about 4.211.
- the desired hardenability characteristics comprising about 1.4% to 4% carbon, about 4% to 8% chromium, about 3% to 13% vanadium, about 1% maximum silicon; about 1.5% maximum manganese, less than about 1.5% molybdenum, less than about 3% tungsten, less than about 5% cobalt and the balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, and in which the concentrations of vanadium and carbon within the given limits are adjusted so that the ratio of vanadium in excess of about 1% to the excess carbon is about 412:1, said article being characterized by high resistance to abrasion and by forging and hardening characteristics comparable to steels having a carbon content less than that of the article by an amount equal to the the per cent vanadiurn l 4.2
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Description
Patented Nov. 13, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FERROUS ALLOYS AND ABRASIVE-RE SI ST- ANT ARTICLES MADE THEREFROM David J. Giles, Latrobe, Pa., assignor to Latrobe Electric Steel Company, Latrobe, Pa., a corporation. of Pennsylvania No Drawing. Application January 10, 1951,, Serial No. 205,441
Claims.
for steels having a materially greater resistance to abrasion than those commercially available and at the same time being easy to form, easy to grind and having good impact strength, i. e., ability to withstand shock. A good example is steel for use in the fabrication of router and shaper' bits and lathe tools for the woodworking industry, and for other articles which are subject to considerable abrasion and shock and are thereby rapidly worn to a point where they can nol'onger meet required tolerances in the industry and must be resharpened, resurfaced or otherwise broughtback to the tolerances of the industry.
' In alloys for use in installations such as are described above in which the metal is subject to continual or recurring abrasion and impact, it isdesirable that they be forgeable and hardenableand yet resist the action of abrasive subtances and the shock of intermittent impacts. Historically, the search for alloys having certain desirable properties has lead to various combinations of alloying elements including combinations with vanadium. I have found, however, that while the general trend in vanadium alloys of steel has been in the direction of greater hardenability this is not alone the answer to the problem of abrasion resistance, and this is especially true when resistance to shock is also required.
I have discovered certain alloys having satisfactory forgeability and hardenability which can be made abrasive-resistant by properly controlling the carbon and vanadium content in a man-- ner described in my copending application Serial No. 118,448, filed September 28} 1949, now abandoned, of which this is a continuation-in-part, without materially altering their forgeability and hardenability. One of these alloys is the subject of United States patent application Serial No. 91,002, filed May 2, 1949, now abandoned.
My present invention provides an abrasionre'sisting alloy in which carbon, within certain limits, is added in excess of that necessary to give the alloy the desired forging and hardening characteristics and vanadium is added in an amount, again within certain limits, such that the ratio of the vanadium in excess of about 1% to the aforementioned excess of carbon is about 4.2:1.
Considering only the essential elements of my alloy, the preferred analysis for most combined abrasion and shock resisting applications is:
Per cent Mo 1.1 Balance substantially iron with residual impurities' in ordinary amounts;
The composition. of my alloy may, however,
extend over a wider range and still retain its desirable abrasive resistance- It may include. alloying elements such as nickel, tungsten andcobalt in restricted amounts without detrimentally affecting the ability of the alloy to resist abrasion. The composition may fall within the limits. of. the following range of concentrations of alloying elements.
Si 1% maximum Mn 1.5% maximum Cr we--- 4%-8% Mo Less than 1.5% W -l Less than 3% Co Less than 5% Ni Less than 3% Balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts.
Per cent C a.'." Cr 4-6 0.1-0.7 0.2-0.9 0.8-1.3 Balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts.
While. I have given specific silicon and manganese ranges in the composition of my a1loy,.
these concentrations are the concentrations which normally result from the raw materials which I have used and may accordingly vary within reasonable limits depending upon the raw materials used.
By the expression less than followed by a percentage figure in this application when referring to molybdenum, nickel, tungsten and cobalt, I mean that the particular element may be present in an amount not to exceed the percentage concentration given. The presence of these elements is optional up to the amount specified in the ranges of composition given above.
The alloy is foreable and is air hardening as well as being abrasive-resistant when molybdenum is included in the composition. If it is .desired to produce an alloy having similar abrasion resistance and forgeability but at a reduced cost and for use where air hardening is not necessary, the molybdenum may be omitted without materially affecting the other desirable properties.
In order to illustrate the abrasive resistance of my new alloy several heats were made within the range of composition specified above for my new alloy. The abrasion resistance of the alloy of my present invention and of an alloy steel having similar forgeability and hardenability characteristics previously used in applications for which my new alloy is intended were compared with the abrasion resistance of an 18-4-1 highspeed steel taken as a standard of 100% abrasion.
Careful comparison of the composition of the test pieces and their resistance to abrasion shows the superiority of the alloy of my invention over the alloys now used for applications requiring abrasion resistance as well as its superiority over standard 18-41 high-speed steel. The alloy previously used has lost about nine times as much material as the preferred alloy (alloy C) of my invention while the high-speed steel standard shows more than four times as much loss of material as does my preferred alloy.
The economic importance of these results becomes more apparent when it is realized that not only has the alloy of my present invention lost less than as much material as the 184-1 high-speed steel but it does not incorporate the costly percentage of alloying elements which appear in the high-speed steel. Moreover, the alloy of this invention is easier to form, easier to grind, and is able to withstand shock better than the alloys having a higher chromium content as exemplified by the alloy described in my applica-- tion Serial No. 91,002 mentioned above. Thisnew alloy therefore serves a new field of usefulness in which resistance to shock or impact isnecessary or desirable along with resistance to abrasion.
Peculiarly, the addition of excess carbon and vanadium in excess of 1% in the ratio of 4.2% vanadium to 1% carbon although increasing the abrasion resistance to a remarkable extent has little or no effect on the forgeability or hardenability of my alloy over those same physical prop-- erties of an alloy without such excess carbon and Table! vanadium. For example, the Rockwell C hard- Per cent abrasion 1 ness of alloy C and alloy B are substantially idem-- Alloy A (standard) 100 ties}, as are their forging properties. Their abra- Alloy B 207 sive resistances, however, are sharply distin- Alloy C 23 guished as illustrated in Table I. If, how v a 1 Per cent removed by abrasion, u) marked departure from this ratio of 4.2:1 is made,
Table II Alloy 0 Cr w v Mo Si Mn A .74 4.10 18.00 1.10 .30 .25 .25 BalancesubstentiallyFe. B 1.02 5. 25 .25 1.10 0.30 0. 70 Do. 0 1.80 5. 21 3.05 1.12 0.38 0. 70 n0.
Abrasion tests were also made on modifications of alloy C within the broad limits of composition heretofore stated. The results of these abrasion tests and the composition of the test pieces are given in Tables III and IV below.
1 Per cent removed by abrasion as compared with alloy A.
then a marked change in forgeabilty and harden-' ability occurs, the direction and extent of which depends upon the nature and extent of parture from this ratio.
My researches indicate that when carbon and vanadium appear in the above described excess and ratio they modify the characteristics of the alloy by very desirably augmenting its abrasiveresistance without masking or nullifying the other physical characteristics of the basic alloy. I be- 1 lieve that the extraordinary abrasive resistance of my alloy depends upon the formation of vana dium carbides which remain out of solution and accordingly do not afiect the hardenability or forgeability of my alloy. While this theory seems to be consistent with observable facts, I do not- Table IV Alloy C Si Mn Or V M0 N1 W 00 l. 83 42 66 5. 45 4. 08 l. 22 2. 71 Balance subst nti ll 1. 91 38 57 5. 22 4. 38 1. l9 2. 48 D0. 3 a y Fe 1. 87 57 5. 92 3. 1. 31 4. 58 D0. 3. 55 47 58 5. 10 ll. 92 D0. 1. 84- 59 66 7. 40 4. 22 DO. 4. 15 63 73 7. 40 12. 76 L32 3. 02 D0.
the dey bind-myself thereto. Thetiactiis that, whatever the I'mec'hanism may he, the addition of carbon vanadium intheiaboveldes'cribedfproportions vanadium, and the balance substantially iron with residual impurities 1 in o'rdinary 'am'ounts,::in which ialloy the vanadium in excess of ab'out 1 is combinedwith carbon in a ratio of 'about:.42:1.
2. 'iln-abrasion-resi'sting'alloycomprising about 1.65% to 1.95% of carbon, about-4% ta-6% f chromium, about 0.1% to 0.7% of 'silic'on, about 0.2% to 0.9% of manganese, about 0.8% to 1.3%
of molybdenum, about-3% to of vanadium, and the balance substantially iron with residual impurities inordinary amounts, in which alloy the vanadium in excess of about 1% is combined with carbon in a ratio'of about 4.2: 1.
An abrasion-resisting alloyccomprisin'g about 1.8% of carbon, about 5% of chromium, about 0.3% of silicon,ab,out 0.7% of manganese, about 4% of vanadium, and the balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, in which alloy the-vanadium in excess dfabout 1% "is combined withcarbon in *aratio of about 42:1.
4. An abrasion-resisting alloy comprising about 1.8% of carbon, 5% of chromium, about 0.3% of silicon, about 0.7% of manganese, about 1.1% of molybdenum, about 4% of vanadium, and the balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, in which alloy the vanadium in excess of about 1 is combined with carbon in a ratio of about 4.2: 1.
5. An abrasion-resisting alloy having carbon in excess of that necessary to give it the desired hardenability characteristics comprising about 1.65% to 1.95% of carbon, about 4% to 6% of chromium, about 0.1% to 0.7% of silicon, about 0.2% to 0.9% of manganese, about 3% to 5% of vanadium, and the balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, and in which the concentrations of vanadium and carbon within the given limits are adjusted so that the ratio of vanadium in excess of about 1% to the excess carbon is about 4.2: 1.
6. An abrasion-resisting alloy having carbon in excess of that necessary to give it the desired hardenability characteristics comprising about 1.65% to 1.95% of carbon, about 4% to 6% of chromium, about 0.1% to 0.7% of silicon, about 0.2% to 0.9% of manganese, about 0.8% to 1.3% of molybdenum, about 3% to 5% of vanadium, and the balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, and in which the concentrations of vanadium and carbon within the given limits are adjusted so that the ratio of vanadium in excess of about 1% to the excess carbon is about 4.2 1.
7. An abrasion-resisting alloy having carbon in excess of that necessary to give it the desired hardenability characteristics comprising about 1.8% of carbon, about 0.3% of silicon, about 0.7% of manganese, about 5% of chromium, about 1:70 of vanadium, and the balance substantially with tesiduarimpurities. inordinary amounts,
in which the concentrations of vanadium "and carbon within :the given. limits are :adjusted -:so that :the #ratio :of vanadium in excess cor "about 1% to the excess carbon is about 4.211.
B.=-An abrasionesisting alloy having carbon in excess of that-necessary to give it the desired hardenability characteristics comprising rabout '1.85% 10fcarbomabout 0.3% :ofxsilicon, about 0.7
of manganesegabout 1.1 of molybdenum, about 5% of chromium, about 4% of vanadium, and the balance substantially iron with residual impurities iii-ordinary amounts, in which the concentrations of vanadium and carbon Within the given "limits are adjusted-so that the ratio of vanadium in exc'essof about 1% to the excess carbon is mi about 4.2 1.
9. abrasion-resisting article formed 'from a forgeable -abrasion-resisting steel comprising about 1'.65% to 1.95% cf carbon, about 4% to 6 .df-chr'oxniumabout 0.1% to 0.7% of silicon, about 0. 2 'to 0.9% ofmanganese, about 3% to 5 of-vana'diumand the'balance substantially iron "with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, in'which' alloys the vanadium lHGXCGSS dfjabout 1 %=is combinedwith carbon ina ratio of about "42251, said article :being characterized by a "factor iof hardenability and forgeability comparable-to a steelhaving less than 1% vanadium and a carbon content less than said -article by a' value equal to about 'thepercent vanadiumrin said article 1% 10. abmsion-resisting article formed from a forgeable abrasion-resisting steel comprising about 1.65% to 1.95% of carbon, about 4% to 6% of chromium, about 0.1% to 0.7% of silicon, about 0.2% to 0.9% of manganese, about 0.8% to 1.3 of molybdenum, about 3% to 5% of vanadium, and the balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, in which alloys the vanadium in excess of about 1% is combined with carbon in a ratio of about 4.2:1, said article being characterized by a factor of hardenability and forgeability comparable to a steel having less than 1% vanadium and a carbon content less than said article by a value equal to about the per cent vanadium in said article- 1% 4.2
11. Anabraslon-resisting article formed from a forgeable abrasion-resisting steel comprising about 1.8% of carbon, about 5% of chromium about 0.3% of silicon, about 0.7% of manganese, about 1.1% of molybdenum, about 4% 01 vanadium, the balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts in which alloy the vanadium in excess of about 1% is combined with carbon in a ratio of about 4.2:1, said article being characterized by factors of hardenability and forgeability comparable to a steel having less than 1% vanadium and a carbon content less than said article by a value equal to about the per cent vanadium in said article- 1 4.2
12. An article formed of forgeable abrasionresisting steel having carbon in excess of that necessary to give it the desired hardenability characteristics comprising about 1.65% to 1.95% of carbon, about 4% to 6% of chromium, about 0.1% to 0.7% of silicon, about 0.2% to 0.9% of manganese, about 0.8% to 1.3% of molybdenum,
the per cent vanadium in said artic1e1% 4.2
13. An abrasion-resisting alloy comprising I about 1.4% to 4% of carbon, about 4% lie-8% chromium, about 3% to 13% vanadium, about 1% maximum silicon, about 1.5% maximum manganese, less than about 1.5% molybdenum; less than about 3% nickel, less than about 3% tungsten, less than about 5% cobalt and the balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, in which alloy the vanadium in excess of about 1% is combined with carbon in a ratio of about 42:1.
14. An abrasion-resisting alloy having carbon in excess of that necessary to give it-the desired hardenability characteristics comprising about 1.4% to 4% of carbon, about 4% to 8% chromium, about 3% to 13% vanadium, about 1% maximum silicon, about 1.5% maximum manganese, ,less than about 1.5 molybdenum, less than about 3 tungsten, less than about 5% cobalt and the balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, and in which the concentrations of vanadium and carbon-are adjusted so that the ratio of vanadium in excess of about 1% to the excess carbon is about 4.211. 15. An abrasion-resisting article formed of abrasion resisting steel having carbon. in excess of'that necessary to give it the desired hardenability characteristics comprising about 1.4% to 4% carbon, about 4% to 8% chromium, about 3% to 13% vanadium, about 1% maximum silicon; about 1.5% maximum manganese, less than about 1.5% molybdenum, less than about 3% tungsten, less than about 5% cobalt and the balance substantially iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts, and in which the concentrations of vanadium and carbon within the given limits are adjusted so that the ratio of vanadium in excess of about 1% to the excess carbon is about 412:1, said article being characterized by high resistance to abrasion and by forging and hardening characteristics comparable to steels having a carbon content less than that of the article by an amount equal to the the per cent vanadiurn l 4.2
DAVID J. GILES. H
REFERENCES CITED I FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 832,703 France Oct. 3, 1938. 834,198 France Nov. 15, 1938
Claims (1)
1. AN ABRASION-RESISTING ALLOY COMPRISING ABOUT 1.65% TO 1.95% OF CARBON, ABOUT 4% TO 6% OF CHROMIUM, ABOUT 0.1% TO 0.7% OF SILICON, ABOUT 0.2% TO 0.9% OF MANGANESE, ABOUT 3% TO 5% OF VANADIUM, AND THE BALANCE SUBSTANTIALLY IRON WITH RESIDUAL IMPURITIES IN ORDINAKRY AMOUNTS, IN WHICH ALLOY THE VANADIUM IN EXCESS OF ABOUT 1% IS COMBINED WITH CARBON IN A RATIO OF ABOUT 4.2:1.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US205441A US2575219A (en) | 1951-01-10 | 1951-01-10 | Ferrous alloys and abrasive-resistant articles made therefrom |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US205441A US2575219A (en) | 1951-01-10 | 1951-01-10 | Ferrous alloys and abrasive-resistant articles made therefrom |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2575219A true US2575219A (en) | 1951-11-13 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US205441A Expired - Lifetime US2575219A (en) | 1951-01-10 | 1951-01-10 | Ferrous alloys and abrasive-resistant articles made therefrom |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2736650A (en) * | 1953-06-08 | 1956-02-28 | Firth Sterling Inc | Low alloy high speed steel |
US2867532A (en) * | 1957-01-16 | 1959-01-06 | Crucible Steel Co America | Wear resistant alloy steel |
US2949356A (en) * | 1958-03-28 | 1960-08-16 | Latrobe Steel Co | Ferrous alloys and articles made therefrom |
US3163525A (en) * | 1964-01-13 | 1964-12-29 | Latrobe Steel Co | Ferrous alloys and articles made therefrom |
US3869037A (en) * | 1973-03-12 | 1975-03-04 | Teledyne Mid America Corp | Ferrous alloy and abrasive resistant articles made therefrom |
US3929471A (en) * | 1971-12-22 | 1975-12-30 | Hitachi Ltd | High speed steel having high wear-resistance |
US3929518A (en) * | 1973-01-24 | 1975-12-30 | Hitachi Ltd | High speed steel having high wear resistance |
CN104818372A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-08-05 | 柳州金特新型耐磨材料股份有限公司 | Thermal-treatment method of wear-resistant bucket tooth for excavator |
CN104846289A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-08-19 | 柳州金特新型耐磨材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of wear-resistant steel bottom plate for loader |
CN104911459A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-09-16 | 柳州金特新型耐磨材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of wear-resisting steel main cutting board for excavator |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR832703A (en) * | 1937-02-09 | 1938-10-03 | Bergische Stahl Walz & Hammerw | High speed steel |
FR834198A (en) * | 1937-03-31 | 1938-11-15 | & Commerciale Des Aciers Soc I | High speed steels |
-
1951
- 1951-01-10 US US205441A patent/US2575219A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR832703A (en) * | 1937-02-09 | 1938-10-03 | Bergische Stahl Walz & Hammerw | High speed steel |
FR834198A (en) * | 1937-03-31 | 1938-11-15 | & Commerciale Des Aciers Soc I | High speed steels |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2736650A (en) * | 1953-06-08 | 1956-02-28 | Firth Sterling Inc | Low alloy high speed steel |
US2867532A (en) * | 1957-01-16 | 1959-01-06 | Crucible Steel Co America | Wear resistant alloy steel |
US2949356A (en) * | 1958-03-28 | 1960-08-16 | Latrobe Steel Co | Ferrous alloys and articles made therefrom |
US3163525A (en) * | 1964-01-13 | 1964-12-29 | Latrobe Steel Co | Ferrous alloys and articles made therefrom |
US3929471A (en) * | 1971-12-22 | 1975-12-30 | Hitachi Ltd | High speed steel having high wear-resistance |
US3929518A (en) * | 1973-01-24 | 1975-12-30 | Hitachi Ltd | High speed steel having high wear resistance |
US3869037A (en) * | 1973-03-12 | 1975-03-04 | Teledyne Mid America Corp | Ferrous alloy and abrasive resistant articles made therefrom |
CN104818372A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-08-05 | 柳州金特新型耐磨材料股份有限公司 | Thermal-treatment method of wear-resistant bucket tooth for excavator |
CN104846289A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-08-19 | 柳州金特新型耐磨材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of wear-resistant steel bottom plate for loader |
CN104911459A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-09-16 | 柳州金特新型耐磨材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of wear-resisting steel main cutting board for excavator |
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