US2109118A - Manufacture of articles from steel alloys - Google Patents

Manufacture of articles from steel alloys Download PDF

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Publication number
US2109118A
US2109118A US713925A US71392534A US2109118A US 2109118 A US2109118 A US 2109118A US 713925 A US713925 A US 713925A US 71392534 A US71392534 A US 71392534A US 2109118 A US2109118 A US 2109118A
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United States
Prior art keywords
steel
carbon
amount
vanadium
articles
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Expired - Lifetime
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US713925A
Inventor
Naumann Friedrich Karl
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Krupp Stahl AG
Fried Krupp AG
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Krupp Stahl AG
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Priority to US163618A priority Critical patent/US2157653A/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the manufacture irom steel alloys ofarticles that by their nature are subjected in use to and. must withstand the attackof, gases that attack and remove carbon.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to the which contain chromium, tungsten, molybdenum or vanadium and if desired nickel.
  • Tests made with steel alloys containing vanadium however showed only a very slight increase of the resistance of the alloys to the attack of hydrogen.
  • a steel alloy, for example, containing 0.25% C, 0.26% Si, 0.48% Mn, 2.08% Cr and 0.30% V lost its carbon to a depth of 3.8 mm. when'subjected to the action of hydrogen for fifty-nine hours at a temperatureof 600 C. and a pressure of 300 at.
  • vanadium content amounts to at least the fourfold the C-content, and in all cases, more than 0.3%, its efiect on the resistance to .the action of carbon-removing gases is notably greater than the efiect 'obtained by the addition of equal percentages of chromium, tungsten or molybdenum.
  • vanadium also the remaining elements of the V. group of the periodic table which form carbides in the steel, viz. columbiumand tantalum, impart to the steel high resistance to the attack of gases that attack and remove carbon.
  • the present invention therefore consists in the manufacture of articles of the class described, that is, which by their nature are subjected in use to, and must withstand the attack of, gases attached already after hours and had lost the v of the carbon content, so that a determined No. 713,925. In Germain; March -20, 1933 that attack and remove carbon, from steel alloys which contain at least one of the elements of the V. group of the periodic table which form carbides in the steel, viz. vanadium, columbium and tantalum; and if desired one or more of the elements silicon, manganese, nickel, chromium,
  • the vanadium content amounts to more than 0.3%
  • tungsten and molybdenum The total content of these elements, separate or mixed, may amount to about 30%. In general, however, a total content of not more than 15% thereof is found satisfactory. Even when these additional elements are present in the alloy, the vanadium, columbium and tantalum remain the principal factorof the resistance to the removal ofcarbon, owing to their great affinity for carbon.
  • steels according to the invention which contain carbon in an amount not exceeding 0.4%, vanadium, columbium or tantalum in anamount not exceeding 2%, molybdenum in an amount not exceeding 3%, with or without chromium in an amount not exceeding 10%.
  • steel alloys may, for example, be used:
  • Articles which in their normal use are subjected to the attack of hydrogen at high hydrogen partial pressure and high temperature; said articles being made of a-steel alloy containing carbon in an amount not exceeding 1%; one or more elements of group V of the Periodic table which form carbides in the steel, in an amount over 0.3% and not over 5%, .but at least 4 times the amount of carbon; metal from the group-tungsten and molybdenum in an amount not exceeding 3%; chromium in an amount less than 5%; the remainder substantially all iron.
  • a process which comprises subjecting a material to be hydrogenated to the influence of hy- -drogen at high hydrogen partial pressure and high temperature in a container composed of a steel alloy containing carbon in an amount not exceeding 1%; one or more elements of group V of the Periodic table which form carbides in the. steel, in an amount over 0.3% and not over 5%,. but at least four times the amount of carbon;
  • metal from the group tungsten and molybdenum in an amount not exceeding 3%; chromium in an amount less than 5%; the remainder iron containing up to 1.5% of silicon and up to'0.54% of manganese.

Description

Patented Feb. 22, i 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,109,118 MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM STEEL Friedrich Karl Nami ann, Essen, Germany, assignor to Fried. Krupp Aktiengesellschaft, Essen-on-the-Buhr, Germany No Drawing. Application March 2, 1934, Serial 4 Claims.
This invention relates to the manufacture irom steel alloys ofarticles that by their nature are subjected in use to and. must withstand the attackof, gases that attack and remove carbon.
5 The invention is particularly applicable to the which contain chromium, tungsten, molybdenum or vanadium and if desired nickel. Tests made with steel alloys containing vanadium however showed only a very slight increase of the resistance of the alloys to the attack of hydrogen. A steel alloy, for example, containing 0.25% C, 0.26% Si, 0.48% Mn, 2.08% Cr and 0.30% V lost its carbon to a depth of 3.8 mm. when'subjected to the action of hydrogen for fifty-nine hours at a temperatureof 600 C. and a pressure of 300 at. whilst for example a steel containing 0.23% C, 0.26% Si, 0.50% Mn, 1.97% Cr and 0.44% Mo under equal conditions after 300 hours showed a 30 depthof carbon removal of 2.1 mm. only. The in- .fluence of the V-content on the resistance of the steel to carbon-removing gases thus was only small, at any rate smaller than that of the molybdenum. It has been found, however, that 3 vanadium imparts to the steel a very high resistance to the attack of carbon-removing gases, if added to the steel in higher percentages than it is usual for improving mechanical properties of the steel. For, if so much vanadium is added to the steels, that the vanadium content amounts to at least the fourfold the C-content, and in all cases, more than 0.3%, its efiect on the resistance to .the action of carbon-removing gases is notably greater than the efiect 'obtained by the addition of equal percentages of chromium, tungsten or molybdenum. Besides vanadium, also the remaining elements of the V. group of the periodic table which form carbides in the steel, viz. columbiumand tantalum, impart to the steel high resistance to the attack of gases that attack and remove carbon.
The present invention therefore consists in the manufacture of articles of the class described, that is, which by their nature are subjected in use to, and must withstand the attack of, gases attached already after hours and had lost the v of the carbon content, so that a determined No. 713,925. In Germain; March -20, 1933 that attack and remove carbon, from steel alloys which contain at least one of the elements of the V. group of the periodic table which form carbides in the steel, viz. vanadium, columbium and tantalum; and if desired one or more of the elements silicon, manganese, nickel, chromium,
cobalt, molybdenum and tungsten. In the case of a. steel alloy in which the elementoi' the V. group which forms carbides in the steel is vanadium according to the invention, the vanadium content amounts to more than 0.3%
Test bars of a cross section of 10x 10 mm. made from steels of the following composition 0.09% c, 0.39% Si, 0.48% Mn, 0.62% v,
0.09% c, 0.39% Si, 0.54% Mn, 1.24% .v, 0.10% c, 0.22% 51, 01.45% Mn, 0.07% Cb, 0.09% c, 0.25% Si, 0.48% Mn, 11.70% Taafter having been exposed in a high pressure tube during 100 hours to the attack of hydrogen under pressure of 300 at. and at a temperature of 600 (3., showed no loss of carbon that could be detected when treated in the same manner were seriously carbon nearly completely after 100 hours. A particularly favorable influence of the vanadium is to be observed, if the vanadium content amounts at least about to the fourfold Also the content of columbium or tantalum may amount to about 5%. Furthermore, in order to improve the mechanical properties of the steel' alloys and their resistance to scaling and corrosion, further alloy constituentsmay be added to the alloys used according to the invention, such as silicon, manganese, nickel, cobalt,. chromium,
"tungsten and molybdenum. The total content of these elements, separate or mixed, may amount to about 30%. In general, however, a total content of not more than 15% thereof is found satisfactory. Even when these additional elements are present in the alloy, the vanadium, columbium and tantalum remain the principal factorof the resistance to the removal ofcarbon, owing to their great affinity for carbon.
It has been found particularly suitable to make use of steels according to the invention which contain carbon in an amount not exceeding 0.4%, vanadium, columbium or tantalum in anamount not exceeding 2%, molybdenum in an amount not exceeding 3%, with or without chromium in an amount not exceeding 10%. *Forapparatus for the destructive hydrogenation of oil and coal as well as for the synthesis of ammonia the following steel alloys may, for example, be used:
1. A steel alloy containing about 0.10% C, 0.30% Si, 0.50% Mn, 0.80% v. 2. A steel alloy containing about 0.08% C,
0.30% Si, 0.50% Mn, 1.0% Cr, 0.50% V. J
3. A steelalloy containing about 0.10% C, 1.5% Si, 0.50% Mn, 6.0% Cr, 0.4% M0, 0.6% X.
What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. Articles which in their normal use are subjected to the attack of hydrogen at high hydrogen partial pressure and high temperature; said articles being made of a-steel alloy containing carbon in an amount not exceeding 1%; one or more elements of group V of the Periodic table which form carbides in the steel, in an amount over 0.3% and not over 5%, .but at least 4 times the amount of carbon; metal from the group-tungsten and molybdenum in an amount not exceeding 3%; chromium in an amount less than 5%; the remainder substantially all iron.
.3. A process which comprises subjecting a material to be hydrogenated to the influence of hydrogen at high hydrogen partial pressure and high temperature in a container composed. of a steel alloy containing carbon in an amount not ex- 1 ceeding 0.4%, over 0.3% and up to 2% of one or more elements of group V of the Periodic table which form carbides in the steel, metal from the group tungsten and molybdenum in an amount not exceeding 3%, and chromium in an amount less than 5%, the remainder iron containing up to 1.5% of silicon and up to 0.54% of manganese.
4. .A process which comprises subjecting a material to be hydrogenated to the influence of hy- -drogen at high hydrogen partial pressure and high temperature in a container composed of a steel alloy containing carbon in an amount not exceeding 1%; one or more elements of group V of the Periodic table which form carbides in the. steel, in an amount over 0.3% and not over 5%,. but at least four times the amount of carbon;
metal from the group tungsten and molybdenum in an amount not exceeding 3%; chromium in an amount less than 5%; the remainder iron containing up to 1.5% of silicon and up to'0.54% of manganese. 1 I j FRIEDBICH' KARL NAUMANN.
US713925A 1932-12-08 1934-03-03 Manufacture of articles from steel alloys Expired - Lifetime US2109118A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US163618A US2157653A (en) 1934-03-03 1937-09-13 Manufacture of articles from steel alloys

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1932K0128126 DE692226C (en) 1932-12-08 1932-12-08 Containers and container parts for the splitting hydrogenation of oils and coals as well as for ammonia synthesis, which have to be resistant to the decarburizing attack of hydrogen and hydrogen-containing gas mixtures at high temperatures and pressures
DE1933K0129566 DE687503C (en) 1932-12-08 1933-03-21 Manufacture of items that have to be resistant to attack by decarburizing gases

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US2109118A true US2109118A (en) 1938-02-22

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US699300A Expired - Lifetime US2059893A (en) 1932-12-08 1933-11-22 Manufacture of articles from steel alloys
US713926A Expired - Lifetime US2109119A (en) 1932-12-08 1934-03-03 Manufacture of articles from steel alloys
US713925A Expired - Lifetime US2109118A (en) 1932-12-08 1934-03-03 Manufacture of articles from steel alloys

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AT (3) AT143620B (en)
DE (2) DE692226C (en)
GB (4) GB419009A (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2506226A (en) * 1946-04-12 1950-05-02 Hydrocarbon Research Inc Stainless steel catalyst for hydrocarbon synthesis
US3847600A (en) * 1969-08-27 1974-11-12 Nippon Kokan Kk High temperature alloy steel
US4252771A (en) * 1977-04-15 1981-02-24 Asnaprogetti S.P.A. Methanation reactor
US4379124A (en) * 1978-09-01 1983-04-05 Produits Chimiques Ugine Kuhlmann Reactor made from steel with particularly high resistance to the effects of Oxo synthesis and method of preparing steel for use in constructing an Oxo reactor
US4554135A (en) * 1982-11-26 1985-11-19 C F Braun & Co. Ammonia converter
US4921684A (en) * 1982-11-26 1990-05-01 C F Braun, Inc. Ammonia conversion process

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE756064C (en) * 1935-11-09 1953-11-09 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Devices made of high-alloy chromium steel containing silicon for the thermal treatment of coal and hydrocarbons
DE916829C (en) * 1940-06-05 1954-08-19 Rheinische Roehrenwerke Ag Steel alloys resistant to intergranular corrosion
DE941491C (en) * 1940-11-03 1956-04-12 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Vereinigt Ferritic or ferritic-pearlitic steels for objects that should have a high heat resistance of over 800
DE973061C (en) * 1941-02-20 1959-11-19 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Vereinigt Steel for seamless tubes
DE767100C (en) * 1941-04-30 1952-05-02 Roehrenwerke A G Deutsche Material for objects that should have high durability
DE972264C (en) * 1941-06-07 1959-06-18 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Vereinigt Steel for objects that must have a high level of durability
DE949826C (en) * 1941-08-05 1956-09-27 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Vereinigt Durable steel alloy
DE954062C (en) * 1941-09-25 1956-12-13 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Vereinigt Durable steel alloy
DE945150C (en) * 1941-10-03 1956-07-05 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Vereinigt Steel alloy for durable objects with good notch toughness
DE965638C (en) * 1941-12-28 1957-06-13 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Vereinigt Titanium-containing chrome steels for cast steel parts with high fatigue strength
DE968276C (en) * 1941-12-28 1958-01-30 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Vereinigt Durable steel alloys
DE917674C (en) * 1942-09-19 1954-09-09 Rheinische Roehrenwerke Ag Steel for seals
US2716271A (en) * 1943-09-22 1955-08-30 Smith Corp A O Enameling process and article produced thereby
US2495835A (en) * 1945-10-15 1950-01-31 George N Hibben Light-colored enameled steel article
US2586535A (en) * 1948-12-29 1952-02-19 Universal Oil Prod Co Catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons in a stainless steel reactor
DE976854C (en) * 1951-12-06 1964-06-11 Goodrich Co B F Material for the conversion chamber for the production of hydrogen cyanide
US2683086A (en) * 1952-08-28 1954-07-06 Timken Roller Bearing Co Low alloy steel containing boron and titanium for high-temperature use
US2797146A (en) * 1955-08-08 1957-06-25 Nat Distillers Chem Corp Mixing apparatus and process utilizing same
US2853379A (en) * 1957-05-23 1958-09-23 Lukens Steel Co High strength alloy steel for structural and pressure vessels
US4119445A (en) * 1971-05-10 1978-10-10 Youngstown Sheet And Tube Company High strength alloy of ferritic structure
FR2851774B1 (en) 2003-02-27 2006-08-18 Inst Francais Du Petrole LOW-ALLOY ANTICOKAGE STEELS WITH INCREASED SILICON AND MANGANESE CONTENT, AND THEIR USE IN REFINING AND PETROCHEMICAL APPLICATIONS

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2506226A (en) * 1946-04-12 1950-05-02 Hydrocarbon Research Inc Stainless steel catalyst for hydrocarbon synthesis
US3847600A (en) * 1969-08-27 1974-11-12 Nippon Kokan Kk High temperature alloy steel
US4252771A (en) * 1977-04-15 1981-02-24 Asnaprogetti S.P.A. Methanation reactor
US4323252A (en) * 1977-04-15 1982-04-06 Snamprogetti S.P.A. Gland seal system for use with a methanation reactor
US4379124A (en) * 1978-09-01 1983-04-05 Produits Chimiques Ugine Kuhlmann Reactor made from steel with particularly high resistance to the effects of Oxo synthesis and method of preparing steel for use in constructing an Oxo reactor
US4554135A (en) * 1982-11-26 1985-11-19 C F Braun & Co. Ammonia converter
US4921684A (en) * 1982-11-26 1990-05-01 C F Braun, Inc. Ammonia conversion process

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Publication number Publication date
GB420567A (en) 1934-12-04
GB419009A (en) 1934-11-05
GB425073A (en) 1935-03-06
US2109119A (en) 1938-02-22
AT143620B (en) 1935-11-25
DE692226C (en) 1940-06-15
GB427585A (en) 1935-04-26
DE687503C (en) 1940-01-31
AT145805B (en) 1936-05-25
AT143623B (en) 1935-11-25
US2059893A (en) 1936-11-03

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