US2289449A - Die steel for hot working - Google Patents
Die steel for hot working Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2289449A US2289449A US388817A US38881741A US2289449A US 2289449 A US2289449 A US 2289449A US 388817 A US388817 A US 388817A US 38881741 A US38881741 A US 38881741A US 2289449 A US2289449 A US 2289449A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- die
- hot working
- dies
- hardness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 35
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 35
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 7
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 241000382509 Vania Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
Definitions
- This invention relates to die steels for hot working metals and particularly to die steels for die casting brass.
- the brass In the die casting of brass, the brass is generally at" a temperature of about 1900 to 1950 C. and is in a liquid or semi-liquid condition. It is cast through dies of alloy steel, which dies must beable to withstand the high temperature without cracking or the formation of hair line cracks known as crazing which if present make imperfections in the casting.'
- the steel for the dies is made by the steel manufacturer and is sent to the die maker, who machines the steel to form dies of suitable size and shape. It is necessary that the steel received by the. die maker be soft enough so that it can be machined in the making of the dies. 0n the other hand, it is necessary that the dies after machining be capable of being hardened and that this hardened condition be maintained in the use of the dies at high temperatures.
- Die steels according to the present invention meet these requirements of being soft enough to machine in the quenched condition and being hard enough after drawing at a lower temperature so that they are eminently suited for the production of dies used in the hot working of metal.
- the steel when quenched in either air or oil from a temperature of about 2,000 to 2200 F. has a Rockwell C hardness ofabout 34 to 37, so that it can be readily machined to the desired shape in the formation of the dies.
- the dies may then'be drawn at a temperature of about 1100 to 1250 F. to impart a Rockwell C hardness of about 39 to 43.
- the dies show very remarkable resistance to crazing and cracking in use at high temperatures and also retain their qualities of hardness and toughness when used at high temperatures.
- the dies are very resistant to erosion or deformation under repeated strains and long application.
- the die surfaces remain smooth and polished and even after long use give the proper surface to the casting which is being produced.
- Theseproperties make the steel use- I ful not only in brass die casting or the die casting of other metals but also in extrusion dies, gripper dies, piercer points for making shells or in fact in any case where the steel is to be subjected in use to high temperatures.
- the steel of the present invention contains substantial amount of chromium, tungsten and be considerably better than the same alloy containing high silicon. It is preferred that the steel contain cobalt but the invention contemplates alloys either containing cobalt or not containing it.
- the steel contains both molybdenum and tungsten instead of either one alone since the combination of both of these elements has been found to produce very superior results.
- the carbon is never over 135% and preferably is between .10 and .20%. It has been thought previously that it was necessary to use a higher carbon content in order to produce the requisite hardness in the alloyw I have found, however, that the required hardness may be obtained while using a low carbon content, provided the other elements are within the ranges given. Lowering of the carbon content reduces the tendency of the die to check or crack, which is a distinct advantage.
- the carbon should be between molybdenum.
- the carbon is low and the silicon also is preferably low, as it has been found that low carbon and silicon, along with the substantial amounts of chromium, tungsten and molybdenum produce dies which in use have proved to about .10 and 20% and the silicon should not be over about .40%.
- the steel has the property of developing secondary hardness upon drawing to a temperature lower than the temperature at which the steel was quenched.
- the steel may be heated to about 2000 to 2200 F. and quenched either in air or analysis oil. Steel or" the specific analysis given in the table when quenched in air from about 2100 F. showed a Rockwell C hardness of 34. By drawing this steel at a temperature of about 1150 F., p
- the steel of the present invention has the valuable properties of showing very remarkable resistance to crazing or cracking when subjected to high temperatures. It can be quenched to make it soft enough to machine and then hardened by drawing at a lower temperature than the quenching temperature and it retains its hardened condition for long periods of time without crazing or cracking when subjected to high temperatures.
- a die steel for hot working comprising about:
- the balance being iron except for incidental impurities.
- a die steel for hot working comprising about:
- the balance being iron except for incidental impurities, said steel having been heat-treated by quenching in air or oil from about 2000 to 2200 F. and drawn at about 1100 to 1250 F.
- a die steel for hot working comprising about:
- the balance being iron except for incidental impurities, said steel having been heat-treated by quenching in air or oil from about 2000 to 2200 F. and drawn at about 1100 to 1250 F., the steel in said quenched condition having a hardness of about 34 to 37 and in the drawn condition a hardness of about 39 to 43 Rockwell C.
- a die steel for hot working comprising about:
- the balance being iron except for incidental impurities.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
Description
Patented J 14, 1942 DIE STEEL FOB. HOT WORKING John Nelson, Oakmont, Pm, asslgn'or to Braeburn Alloy Steel Oorpo corporation of Penny! No Drawing. Application April Serial No. 388,817
ration, Braeburn, Pa., a vania 4 Claims. 148-31) This invention relates to die steels for hot working metals and particularly to die steels for die casting brass. In the die casting of brass, the brass is generally at" a temperature of about 1900 to 1950 C. and is in a liquid or semi-liquid condition. It is cast through dies of alloy steel, which dies must beable to withstand the high temperature without cracking or the formation of hair line cracks known as crazing which if present make imperfections in the casting.' The steel for the dies is made by the steel manufacturer and is sent to the die maker, who machines the steel to form dies of suitable size and shape. It is necessary that the steel received by the. die maker be soft enough so that it can be machined in the making of the dies. 0n the other hand, it is necessary that the dies after machining be capable of being hardened and that this hardened condition be maintained in the use of the dies at high temperatures.
Die steels according to the present invention meet these requirements of being soft enough to machine in the quenched condition and being hard enough after drawing at a lower temperature so that they are eminently suited for the production of dies used in the hot working of metal. The steel when quenched in either air or oil from a temperature of about 2,000 to 2200 F. has a Rockwell C hardness ofabout 34 to 37, so that it can be readily machined to the desired shape in the formation of the dies. The dies may then'be drawn at a temperature of about 1100 to 1250 F. to impart a Rockwell C hardness of about 39 to 43. The dies show very remarkable resistance to crazing and cracking in use at high temperatures and also retain their qualities of hardness and toughness when used at high temperatures. The dies are very resistant to erosion or deformation under repeated strains and long application. The die surfaces remain smooth and polished and even after long use give the proper surface to the casting which is being produced. Theseproperties make the steel use- I ful not only in brass die casting or the die casting of other metals but also in extrusion dies, gripper dies, piercer points for making shells or in fact in any case where the steel is to be subjected in use to high temperatures.
The steel of the present invention contains substantial amount of chromium, tungsten and be considerably better than the same alloy containing high silicon. It is preferred that the steel contain cobalt but the invention contemplates alloys either containing cobalt or not containing it.
The following table gives the ranges of elements covered by my invention. In this table are given a broad range, a preferred range and a specific analysis of the composition.
Table It will be noted that the steel contains both molybdenum and tungsten instead of either one alone since the combination of both of these elements has been found to produce very superior results. The carbon is never over 135% and preferably is between .10 and .20%. It has been thought previously that it was necessary to use a higher carbon content in order to produce the requisite hardness in the alloyw I have found, however, that the required hardness may be obtained while using a low carbon content, provided the other elements are within the ranges given. Lowering of the carbon content reduces the tendency of the die to check or crack, which is a distinct advantage.
Although some of the advantages of my alloy are obtained when the silicon is above .40% and within the range from .10 to 1.25%, the full'advantages of my alloy steel are attained only when both the carbon and the silicon are low. Thus a steel having an analysis conforming to the specific analysis given in the table (carbon .15% and silicon .15%) has proved in actual use to be materially better than a steel of substantially the same analysis except that the silicon was 1.25%.
For best results the carbon should be between molybdenum. The carbon is low and the silicon also is preferably low, as it has been found that low carbon and silicon, along with the substantial amounts of chromium, tungsten and molybdenum produce dies which in use have proved to about .10 and 20% and the silicon should not be over about .40%.
The steel has the property of developing secondary hardness upon drawing to a temperature lower than the temperature at which the steel was quenched. The steel may be heated to about 2000 to 2200 F. and quenched either in air or analysis oil. Steel or" the specific analysis given in the table when quenched in air from about 2100 F. showed a Rockwell C hardness of 34. By drawing this steel at a temperature of about 1150 F., p
the hardness was increased to about 39. This same steel when quenched in oil from a temperature of about2000 F. had a hardness of 34.5 and when drawn at 1150 F. had a hardness of 38.5. By quenching in oil from a temperature of about 2100 F. and drawing at a temperature of about 1150 F. a hardness of 43.5 was obtained. My alloy steel containing both tungsten and molybdenum has proved superior to a similar steel containing only tungsten. Steel of the present invention containing both low carbon and low silicon has proved superior to a similar steel containing high silicon, This is in spite of the fact that it had been previously thought necessary to employ high silicon in a die steel for hot working. The steel of the present invention has the valuable properties of showing very remarkable resistance to crazing or cracking when subjected to high temperatures. It can be quenched to make it soft enough to machine and then hardened by drawing at a lower temperature than the quenching temperature and it retains its hardened condition for long periods of time without crazing or cracking when subjected to high temperatures.
The invention is not limited to the preferred analysis, which has been given merely for illustrative purposes, but may be otherwise embodied or practiced within the scope of the following claims.
Iclaim:
1. A die steel for hot working, comprising about:
Per cent Carbon .10to .20 Silic .1011) .40 Manganese...- .10to .60 Chromium 2.5 to10.0 Tungsten 2.0 to 8.0 Molybdenum 2.0 to 8.0 Vanadium .10 to .60 Cobalt .25t0 2.0
the balance being iron except for incidental impurities.
2. A die steel for hot working, comprising about:
the balance being iron except for incidental impurities, said steel having been heat-treated by quenching in air or oil from about 2000 to 2200 F. and drawn at about 1100 to 1250 F.
3. A die steel for hot working, comprising about:
Per cent Carbon .10to .20 Silicon .10to .40 Manganese .10 to .60 Chromium 2.5 to 10.0 TungsteniL 2.0 to 8.0 Molybdenum 2.0 to 8.0 Vanadium .10 to .60 Cobalt .25t0 2.0
the balance being iron except for incidental impurities, said steel having been heat-treated by quenching in air or oil from about 2000 to 2200 F. and drawn at about 1100 to 1250 F., the steel in said quenched condition having a hardness of about 34 to 37 and in the drawn condition a hardness of about 39 to 43 Rockwell C.
4. A die steel for hot working, comprising about:
. Per cent Carbon .15 Silicon .15 Manganese .26 Chromium 6.21 Tungsten 4.11 Molybdenum 4.23 Vanadium .27 Cobalt .30
the balance being iron except for incidental impurities.
JOHN NELSON.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US388817A US2289449A (en) | 1941-04-16 | 1941-04-16 | Die steel for hot working |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US388817A US2289449A (en) | 1941-04-16 | 1941-04-16 | Die steel for hot working |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2289449A true US2289449A (en) | 1942-07-14 |
Family
ID=23535636
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US388817A Expired - Lifetime US2289449A (en) | 1941-04-16 | 1941-04-16 | Die steel for hot working |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2289449A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2462665A (en) * | 1946-04-11 | 1949-02-22 | Gen Electric | Alloy |
| US2598714A (en) * | 1950-06-26 | 1952-06-03 | Continental Copper & Steel Ind | Machinable high cobalt low carbon alloys for die-casting molds |
| US2763544A (en) * | 1950-11-03 | 1956-09-18 | Nyby Bruk Ab | Chromium steel |
| US2875042A (en) * | 1957-02-12 | 1959-02-24 | Carpenter Steel Co | High temperature alloy steel |
| US2932568A (en) * | 1958-05-13 | 1960-04-12 | Carpenter Steel Co | High temperature alloy steel with improved room temperature properties |
| US3201232A (en) * | 1961-04-01 | 1965-08-17 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Use of steel involving prolonged stressing at elevated temperatures |
| US3272622A (en) * | 1956-09-29 | 1966-09-13 | Bofors Ab | High heat resistant steels |
| US4853181A (en) * | 1986-06-18 | 1989-08-01 | Wert David E | Hot work tool steel |
| US4886640A (en) * | 1988-08-22 | 1989-12-12 | Carpenter Technology Corporation | Hot work tool steel with good temper resistance |
| CN115354206A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-11-18 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Preparation method of hot-forging die steel |
-
1941
- 1941-04-16 US US388817A patent/US2289449A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2462665A (en) * | 1946-04-11 | 1949-02-22 | Gen Electric | Alloy |
| US2598714A (en) * | 1950-06-26 | 1952-06-03 | Continental Copper & Steel Ind | Machinable high cobalt low carbon alloys for die-casting molds |
| US2763544A (en) * | 1950-11-03 | 1956-09-18 | Nyby Bruk Ab | Chromium steel |
| US3272622A (en) * | 1956-09-29 | 1966-09-13 | Bofors Ab | High heat resistant steels |
| US2875042A (en) * | 1957-02-12 | 1959-02-24 | Carpenter Steel Co | High temperature alloy steel |
| US2932568A (en) * | 1958-05-13 | 1960-04-12 | Carpenter Steel Co | High temperature alloy steel with improved room temperature properties |
| US3201232A (en) * | 1961-04-01 | 1965-08-17 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Use of steel involving prolonged stressing at elevated temperatures |
| US4853181A (en) * | 1986-06-18 | 1989-08-01 | Wert David E | Hot work tool steel |
| US4886640A (en) * | 1988-08-22 | 1989-12-12 | Carpenter Technology Corporation | Hot work tool steel with good temper resistance |
| CN115354206A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-11-18 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Preparation method of hot-forging die steel |
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