US2545625A - Incinerator - Google Patents

Description

March 20, 1951 J. P. MGKINLEY INCINERATOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 III nl Filed Feb. 25, 1946 INVENTOR.

March 20, 1951 J. P. MCKINLEYY INCINERATOR 28heets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 25, 1946 therewith.

Patented Mar. 20, 1951 s rA NT oFncE .INCINERATOR John P. McKinley, Buffalo, N. Y. Application February 25, 1946, Serial No. 649,942 Claims. (c1.11o 1s) Y This invention relates to incinerators, of the type adapted for the burning of garbage and other refuse, and is inthe nature of an improve ment upon prior Patent No. 2,010,460 of August 6,1935.

' An object of the .invention is to provide an improved incinerator, with which the combustible part of the refuse may be dehydrated and burned rapidly and without odor in a minimum of time, and with a minimum of supplied heat.

I Another object of the invention is to provide an improved incinerator for refuse and garbage, of the down drafttype; with which the dehydration of the refuse and garbage may be accomplished rapidly with only the natural draft; with which the dehydration may be accelerated, when desired, through the use of added heat; and with which the danger of odors escaping into the room will be eliminated.

' Another object of the invention is to improve the efficiency and operation of incinerators of this type and provide maximum capacity in a minimum of overall space, and which will require a minimum of service and attention.

. Various other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description of several embodiments of V the invention, and the: novel features will be particularly pointed out hereinafter in connection with the appended claims. if In the accompanying drawings: 'Fig. 1 is a side elevation, largely in section, of an incinerator constructed in accordance with this invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectionalplan of the same, the section ,being taken approximately along the line 2 2' of Fig. 1; 1 Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation similar to Fig. 1, but illustrating the use threwithof an electric heater for, accelerating the' dehydration of the refuse; and Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of a part of the same with a different type of heater employed In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figs. land 2, the incinerator includes the housing Iv which is preferably rectangular in transverse cross section, and provided on its interior, upright wall with a layer 2 of any suitable heat resisting material, such as asbestos. This housing is supportedonasuitable base 3 which provides the bottom for the housing, and this base has feet 4 which support the bottom of the casing above the floor. These feet 4 may, as shown,; be individual feet or posts, or they may extend around the majorpart of the base to con;

ce'al'the space below the bottom of the housing. The housing is closed at its top by a plate 5 having therein a charging opening 6, which is normally closed by a cover'l that is hinged or other wise disposed across the opening 6, so that by lifting the cover 1, one may uncover the aperture or opening 6' to enable refuse and garbage to be deposited in the incinerator. f a

Disposed within the housing I is a casing 01 shell 8 which is spaced on its side walls from the housing I, so as to provide a chamber 9 interposed between the side wall of the housing I and the. casing 8.

housing. The housing I is provided at one side with an opening I0 normally closed by a door or closure I I and casing 8 is provided with a similar alined opening 8a. These openings III and 8a are at the bottom of the housing,'and within the housing is disposed an ash pan I2 that fits openings 8a and I0. This pan I2 may be attached to or separate from the door or closure II,' but in this example, it is shown as .attached to the closure l I so as to form therewith a'drawer that mayrberemoved in order to empty the ashes from the pan I2. Around the opening I0 isan imperforate plate I3 whi'chextends between the side wall of housing" I and the casing 8, so that there will be no communication around the'open' ing IIJ into the passage Q. Mounted in the casing 8, just above the pan I2, is a grate I i of any suitable construction, preferably one havinga tiltable section l5 and'an operating shaft I6 e12 tending to the'exterior of the housing, soYth'at unburned parts'of the refuse Which are too large to pass through the openings in thegrate'may be dumped into the pan when the section [5 is tilted. t 1

Attached to the rear side wall of the casing 8 is a channel shaped shell I"! which has its open face abutting against the side wall of the casing 8 so as to form therewith a closed flue I8 extending from'the top plate or member, 5 to the lower part of the housing. The lower end of this flue I8 is closed by an inclined plate I9 leading to the side wall of the casing 8, and the lower edge of this inclined wall I9 is approximately at the level of the grate I4, or only a short distance above or below it. The casing 8 has, in its rear wall, an inlet draft opening 20, the lower edge of which meets the lower end of the inclined plate I9. This opening 20 is upright or approximately ver-, tical and extends from approximately the level of the grateupwardly a substantial distance of This casing 8 is usually made of f heavy sheet metal and extends from the top plate P 5 downwardly to the base or bottom 3 .ofthe at least four or five inches but preferably less than twelve inches. Thus, this flue passage I8 opens into the casing 8 in the zone immediately above the grate M. The top member 5 is provided with a flue opening 2| to which is connected a flue pipe 22 on the outside of the housing, and this flue opening 2| is aligned with the flue passage l8. Thus, the pipe 22 forms a continuation orthe fluepassage I8,

The casinglii is'provided on its reariside; which forms one wall of the flue passage I8, and adjacent the flue opening 2I, with limited air vents 23 which are substantial but have a size inadequate to supply the draft of the flue pipe 22 In fact, there are usually two or three ofj-suchiq en-iings 23, and the total area supplies substantially less than one-half the natural draftof the' fluetso that there will always be a substantial dratti at the opening into the lower part of the casing 8 Thecasing 8 is provided with air inlet openings: 24 adjacent its; upper end, and preferablylargely at'the frontof "the housing approximately opposite from the vent openings 23; While one horizontally elongated opening would be the equivalentof these open s 24;; it is: preferable tbf'llSB a plurality of apertures arrange'diin" rows" which do not extend completely, along "the? sides of the. casing 8. These openings??? allow'air to enter the upperend' of'the casing 3"immediately below the coverrTfrom' the chamber or"spa'ce'9 between thehousing and the. casing;

Air inletopenings' are also. providedl fO1'"the; space or' chamber -9 between the; casing "andhous ing at't'he lower'end'thereof; a id' theseopenings maybe irreither the bottom'or' inrtherear side wall ofthe housing 1: Air may enter the space Bf'at'the lower endthereof; pass, upwardly around thecasing' Bto the openings ZAWhere it is preheated; and then' enter 'therefuse chamber in the casing 8 at the" upper end and forward; part th f small part ffthe air enterin casine Bfwill .move across the topo'fthe refuse chamber of the casingjdto reach the limitedffll'le. Vents23' anuipa s' t y't ie h mney flue .22iandth r nrainder andmajorpart ofthe ingoing air will p ass'downwardly in ..the casing etto theflueopienr. meZO; eme by h passa e 13; to, the. chimney flue 2'2? The-portion oft'he air. enteringthe cas; 1 15 t t upper nd? thereofiandjwhi h moves acrossandbeneathithe door opening Eland'the top end'of the refuse: chamber to .thevent' will carryiwith it anyiod or arising, from the -ref1lfiv r ar age in'th'e casing. 8.. Also; when cover 1 is, lifted; air'ma'y enter through. the opening 6.. andipass t 'the v nt 233,011 downwardly r u h the casing8 to the vent opening ZjUfandTthus carry" off: odors arising, from the? refuse, This efiectivelyprevents"escape ofodors into the room while refuse or garbageis being. chargedintothe casihgB' as wellia's afterfthe cover Tisclosedl AgrilIe'ZB' is disposedalongthe rear walljqf the casing 8'" but on the inside thereof, andlis sup ported at itsiupper'end in any suitable manner from'the' casing, such as by havingarms. 21 engagedthrough slots 28 inthe rear wallLofjthe case ing 8i This'grillei extends; substantially tbthe. grate" 14- and preferably hasva forked, end? 218T which" engages over a" cross bar of the grate. This. serves" to space the grille 26 slightlyfrorn the'rear wall of the casingf8'and thus"provid afijspacealong, the rear' Wall of the-casing 8' for a substantial distance upwardly from the grate and above'the'flfue opening 20"; sothat air may pass through the" refuse to the flue" opening 20 without passing entirely through the full depth 4 of the refuse or garbage. Some of the entering air can also pass along the narrow space between the grille 2B and the rear wall of the casing 8 to reach the flue opening 20, and in doing so will dry the refuse abutting against the grille.

Disposed along the front wall of the casing 8, but on the inside of the casing, is a second grille 3!! which is approximately opposite from the grille, ZLandeXtending, upwardly,v from near the grate. for a-tsubstantialidistance. grille 30 is spaced somewhat from the front wall of the casing 8 so as to provide a compartment 3| in which may be located a suitable source of heat, such-as a gas burner 32. The upper edge of the grille-diiqrissconnected to the casing by an inclined,

substantially imperforate Wall 33, so that refuse or: garbage depositedlin the casing 8 will be kept away. from the burner 32. A limited air inlet opening 34 is provided inithe front wall of casing 8 below the inclined wall 33 and substantially above-the grate? Preferably opening 34 is provided near" the top of the grille 3 8 so that air may enter-this compartment 31 and-pass down wardly along the grille30; some' of it" passing through grille 3B andthence across the lowerend of the" refuse charnber the=casing- 8* to andr throughthe opposite grille -2"6*' to reachthe-flue opening 20":

Air enteringthrough I this opening 3% is; sum

cient to provide thesecondaryair for the-iopera' tionof' the burner 32 and its pilc'it3'2'a and; when the-burner- 32 isnot operating-y.some'of-this en tering air moves directly and" horizontally across the'lower end: of the r'eftise-chamber betweencthe grilles'to reach the fiue -opening 20 This'comtinuous movement? of airthrougli'tlie lower end of the ref-use) chamber provides a steady: dehye dratingaction -on'=the'-ref-use' in the-*refuse cham her, and the dehydration is accelerated whenthe burner" is" operating; because in that" case" the burner not only radiates-"heat to *the-refuse-"abut" ting against thegrille" 30, but the-hot gases of combustion also pass: horizontally throughthe lower end of' therefuse chamber, to dry'the' refuse and" garbage supported justabove'-the grate.- The'burner 32" maybe of any'suitabletype; including the flattyp e"=illustlfatedi Which"- requires a minimum offspaicein, the'casing 8-1 In ordert'o facilitate the movement of the aii and gases across the lower-partofthe reruse chamber in thecasing-tii OIIGjOI morebars oi rods 35=maybe disposed between a'nd supported by the grilles 26 and 30, so that some'ofthefretuse and; garbage" descending" irr the chamber" of the casing 8 will be heldupsemewhat abbye the grate, thereby preventing packing of therrefi s'e and garbage upon-the grate. Thisprovidesspassages? through the; refuse" and garbage through which the air and gases ma'y'movein. thedeliy dration. Fuel for the burner 32 and"the"'pilot 3'20. mayldasupplied' throughaipipe 36 with' a valve-"3 1 controlling the movement of gas' totli'e" burner 32. A mixing valve 38 of any"suitaibyle type may-beassociated ith'tHEbumer:

In the 'embodiment of=-the-invention illustrated in Fig: 3 the cons-truction is the'same as disclosed in' Figs; 1 and=2yexcept=thattl ie gas'burnerflfis replaced by an electrichea-tei 4-ll-"of-- any suitable type preferably one resembling a platewitlfai smoothsurface and having'therein'a resistance heating element: Electric heatersof this type are available'inthe op'en market and therefore need not befurther described or illustrated. This heater 'i'ssupplied with operating 'currentthrougl'r a=twin'conductor cable-H-f Parts'inFig: 3*whlcii The limited opening 34 is replaced by asin ilar limited'opening 43 immediately below thebur'ner but above the grate through which secondary air for the burner may pass into the refuse chamber from the space or chamber 9. This entering air may thus pass directly across the lower part of the refuse chamber to the grille 26. The burner 42 will hold up some of the refuse in the chamber, above the grate, which makes the bars 35 unnecessary. j

In all of the embodiments of the invention the arrangement of the apertures 24 largely at a dis:- tance from the limited vent openings 23 is a material help in removing all danger that odors may escape into the room through the charging door or cover 1, and there will, at all times, be a down draft through the refuse chamber and also an additional cross draft through the lower zone of the refuse chamber above they grate which provides a continuous dehydrating action on the refuse. The dehydration is accelerated by the operation of the gas burner or electric heater. The arrangementis compact and provides maximum capacity for the refuse with a minimum of overall space.

It will be understood that various changes in the details, materials and arrangements of parts which have been herein described and illustrated in order to explain the nature of the invention, may be made by those skilled in the art within the principle and scope of the invention, as expressed in the appended claims.

I claim as myinvention:

1. An incinerator comprising a casing having a refuse holding chamber with a grate at its lower end, a charging opening adjacent its top, and a major air inlet also adjacent its top, an exhaust flue terminating'within said casing, substantially closed at its lower end and having above its lower end an upright major inlet opening, the lower edge of which is approximately at the level of the grate, and a grille along the wall of said chamber in front of said inlet opening to pass air from the lower part of said chamber inan approximately horizontal direction into said flue inlet opening, said casing having a limited air passage opening into the lower part of said chamber above said grate and opposite said exhaust flue upright opening. 7

2. An incinerator comprising a casing having a refuse holding chamber with a grate at its lower end, a charging opening adjacent its top, and a major air inlet also adjacent its top, an exhaust flue terminating within said casing, substantially closed at its lower end and having above its lower end an upright major inlet opening, the lower edge of which is approximately at the level of the grate, and a grille along the wall of said chamber in front of said inlet opening to pass air from the lower part of said chamber in an approximately horizontal direction into said flue inlet opening, said casing having a limited air inlet in its side wall, insuificient in size to supply the draft of said flue, opening into said chamber substantially above the grate and spaced well from said grille in a direction peripherally of said chamber, said casing also having therein a source of heat 6* 7 above said grate and spaced-well from the grille in front of said flue inlet opening.

' 3. An incinerator comprising a casinghaving a refuse holding chamber with a grate at its lower end, a charging opening adjacent its top, and a major air inlet also adjacent its top, an exhaust flue terminating within said casing, substantially closed atits lower end and having above its lower end anupright major, inlet opening, the lower edge of which is approximately at the level of the grate, a grille along the wall of said chamber in front of said inlet opening to pass air from the lower part of said chamber in an approximately horizontal direction into said flue inlet opening, said casing having a limited air inlet in its side wall, insufficient in size to supply the draft of saidflue, opening into said chamber substantially above the grate and spaced well from said grille in a direction peripherally of said chamber, and a gas burner in said casing well above said grate and extending in a direction towards said grille from the opposite side of the casing to spread the descending refuse in said chamber and heat it,

whereby air may pass from said limited air inlet to said major flue inlet horizontally through the refuse in the lower end of said chamber to dehydrate the refuse to a combustible condition and supply secondary air to said burner.

4. An incinerator comprising a housing, a casing within said housing and having its side walls spaced from the housing side walls and extending to and abutting the upper end of said housing, with the top of the housing also forming the top of the casing, the top of said housing having a charging opening leading to the interior of said casing, a door closing said opening, a grate within and extending in a direction crosswise of, said casing at a level above the lower end of said housing, a grille within said casing and disposed along and spaced from the side wall of said casing, a source of heat disposed within said casing and spaced from and just above the level of said grate, for heating refuse in the interior of said casing above said grate, an exhaust flue extending into said housing and having an inlet opening which is mainly vertical, with its lower edge approximately at the level of the grate, and along and spaced somewhat from said grille, said casing having a main air inlet adjacent its top and a limited air inlet adjacent said source of heat at the side of the casing about opposite from said flue inlet, whereby some air may pass across said casing chamber above said grate to said exhaust flue inlet to dehydrate the refuse in the lower part of said casing and just above said grate, and a major part of the inlet air may pass downwardly through said casing chamber to reach said exhaust flue inlet opening.

5. An incinerator comprising a refuse receiving casing having a chamber with a grate at its lower end and a grille-like side wall for a substantial distance upwardly from the grate, an exhaust flue having an inlet opening adjacent and facing said grille-like side wall, said inlet opening being substantially above said grate, said casing having a main air inlet near its upper end and a limited air inlet just above said grate and about opposite said flue inlet opening, whereby movement of air and gases horizontally throughthe portion of the refuse immediately above the grate from the limited air inlet to the main flue inlet will dehydrate it preparatory to burning.

JOHN P. MCKINLEY.

(References on following page) Number? 2,010,460

7 GITEI The following r'e'frerrc'es"v are" of record' in the tile of'thi's patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Name: Date Jonesxuh W Oct." 183 193 2 Sharmom u r M212; 65' 19:1 Maul m w.w flwJmflsy; 193:4.

Number.

FOREIGNTPATENTS Cbunbry, Dame

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