US1638771A - Incinerator - Google Patents

Description

Aug.- 9, 1927.

E. M. JONES INCINERATOR 9 Sheets-Sheet l Jaye/2Z0 Edward M @7265.

Filed Aug. 6, 1923 Aug.9, 1927'. 4 1,638,771

E. M. JONES 'INCINEHATOR Filed A1122. 6, 1923 9 Sheets-Sheet; 2

1 Q0000 UDODO v 00000 Q0900 0000 Q0090 Edward W 1/2 /2195.

I .flziarney,

E. M. JONES INCINERATOR Aug. 9, 1927.

Fi1ed-Auz.6, 1923 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 ooooo Aug. 9, 1927.

E. M. JONES 1638771 INCI NERATOR Filed Aug. 6, 1925 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 fall Patented Aug. 9, 1927.

NITED STATES EDWARD M. JONES, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

INGINERATOR.

Application filed August 6, 1923.

This invention relates to incinerators, and, more particularly to the stoker type of incinerator designed primarily for the destruction of garbage, refuse and general waste from cities, apartments, hotels, hospitals, etc, and it is a distinct and practical. improvement to overcome certain practical objections to, and defects in, the general type of incinerator.

The objects of this invention are the provision of an incinerator, so constructed as to materially reduce the cost of incineration; first, by utilizing waste heat from combustion; second, by breaking down the moisture cells in the garbage, refuse and waste materials and release the free water therein contained; also to generate and liberate, through radiation of heat into the storage bins through the arch of the upper combustion chamber and the sloping floor of storage bins. the alcoholic and ether prtu ertics from the wet materials in the storage bins; third, by preheating the air supplied to the drying hearth and burning grate to evaporate moisture from the wet materials on the drying hearth by forcing such preheated air through the mass of garbage, refuse and waste materials thereon; fourth, by supplying preheated feed air to the burning grate, such air containing the alcoholic and ether fumes which together with the increased temperature of the feed air, greatly facilitate combustion; fifth, by facilitating the drying out of the wet materials on the drying hearth by deflection of heat from the baffle arch downwardly against the wet materials on the drying hearth; sixth, by completing the combustion of animal and veg etable gases resulting from combustion, in their passage from the lower combustion chamber to the upper combustion chamber, the rear combustion chamber. the equalizing chambers, and the exhaust and chimney flues; seventh, by minimizing the amount of labor required for operation; eighth, by gravity feed action of the garbage, refuse and waste materials, owing to the sloping floor design of the storage bins, the gravity feed charge chute-s, the mechanically operated stoker valve and drying hearth members; and ninth, by minimizing the use of commercial fuel, after the initial fire has been started where the garbage is of very high moisture contents and practically elim inating the use of commercial fuel after the initial tire has been started where the mois- Serial No. 655,988.

ture contents of the garbage is low, through the use of the preheated air and the inechanically actuated strol'cer valve and drying hearth, the exposure of the wet materials to the heat, the drying of the Wet materials before final. combustion takes place, and the supplying of preheated air carrying the al coholic and ether vapors to the dried materials on the burning grate.

With the above and other objects in view, the invention consists in the novel features of construction, arrangement and combination of parts hereinafter more fully described and finally pointed out in the claims hereto appended.

Referring to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, wherein like characters of reference denote similar parts throughout the several views:

Fig. l, is a side elevation of the incinerator with portions thereof broken away.

Fig. 2, is a horizontal transverse sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Figs. 1 and 4.

3, is a transverse vertical sectional view taken on line 33 of Fig. 2 of an incinerator embodying the features of this invention.

Fig. 4, is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of the incinerator. taken on line l4 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5, a transverse horizontal sectional view of the incinerator, taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 4:.

Fig. 6, is a transverse horizontal sectional view of the incinerator, taken on line 66 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 7, is a transverse horizontal sectional view of the incinerator taken on line 7-7 of Fig. 4:.

Fig. 8, is a reduced transverse horizontal sectional view, taken on line 8-8 of Fig. 4 and including the stack foundation.

Fig. 9, is a detail in perspective of one of the stoker drying hearth members.

Fig. 10, is a view in detail showing one of the storage bins, gravity chute. stoker grates, burning grate, combustion chamber, outlet to heater chamber and the baflle arch and the mechanism for actuating the stoker drying hearth.

ltn carrying out the aim of this invention, I employ a suitable housing structure represented by the reference character 1. Within the forward upper portion of the housing structure, I provide one or more opposed receiving and storage compartments, chambers necting or'bins 2 for receiving garbage and refuse as delivered to the incinerator bins through the openings 3 by collection vehicles, or otherwise. The storagebins 2 are separated by means of a suitable partition l and each bin 2 is provided with a downwardly and outwardly inclined or sloping floor 5 which terminate at their outer edge in a down wardly directed wall portion 6 to provide a gravity feed passage or chute 7 for each bin 2 withinthe side wall of the housing structure 1'. Each feed passage or chute 7 is provided with an inclined floor 8 for directing "garbage and refuse toward and against a ,stolrer valve?) which is preferably provided with a plurality of draft openings 10 arranged at the discharge end or the gravity feed passage, and at the upper end suitable of an inclined stoher drying hearth, which hearth consists a plurality of pivotally supported stoher drying hearth members 11 which are preferably arovided with a plurality of draft openings 12. The hearth members 11 are actuated in unison and oppo-- site to the valve 9 by means of the levers 13 connected at their upper ends to the hearth members and their oppositeends to a con- 7 bar l lwhich bar 14, in turn,is open atively connected to the upperend of a crank arm 15, which aim is pivotally connected at its lower end, to a suitable crank dish 16 mounted upon a shaft 17 and driven. by means of a Worm gear 18, which gear is also fixed to the shaft 17 and is driven by means of a worm 19 fixed to a driven shaft 20. The shaft 20 is preferably driven through the medium of an electric motor 21 and a train of suitable gearing 22. The disk 16 also actuates the stolrer valve 9 through the mediumoi the lever and a crank connecting rod 24. By this arrangement, it is evident that in the action of the stokerdrying hearth, the stoker valve 9 is depressed or lowered in an arcuate path as the stoher drying hearth members 11 are raised in an arcuate path, and vice-versa. As the drymg hearth members 11 are raised and stolrer valve 9 is lowered, garbage, refuse and waste materials pass from the gravity chute and pass against the drying hearth members 11 and as-the drying hearth members 11 are do pressed or lowered, the stoker valve 9 is raised thereby checking iurthcr passage of garbage onto the drying hearth members ll until the next revolution of the crank disk 16. Briefly, the garbage is intermittently garbage is deposited into a suitable tire box or burning grate 25 which is preferably provlded with a plurality of draft openings The burning grate is situated intermediate combustion chambers and w uuunicate with each other to either liae laiillt: od arch 27 through the medium vi suitable passages 32 which are sit-r ilitlkl above ih ends of stolrer drying lrezzrlhs shown in F 3 and it).

The rear wall 3 ol' the upper cmubustiou v.1 chamber 31 is providrd with a itabl: checker screen line 3?; which with the upper end oi rear m nimal. in chamberili which Cllillll has d a p t 36. This chamber is directly lllllfli o i elruufl hoe hers 118 and 531 and e1=-eum i 3'? of the iucineratiug uousinu tion equivalent to the arrh shown in Fig.

cates at its lower of a series of dues i i a lower equalizing chamber 4o hm" pit 41. 4-2 represents an u mo 1 chamber situated directly abon the o equalizing chaml' r -l() and is provd. aseries of removable cover pin ,4

suitable preheator device cor, plurality of suitably spaced tubes ranged intermediate the lower and equalizing chambers it) and 42 so 1'! gases may pass from the lower e:

42 through the tubes l-l. i

tween the spaced tubes a l provi no or chamber 4:5 which i. separate lower and upper equaliiaii 42 by means of the walls 7 113i, respce tively. This arrangement muv be if desired, sothat the gases \vrll pass around 115 the tubes instead of throuoh thou; b iwyiugr them horizontally, thus causingthe exhaust gas to pass around the tubes to the erduuu-tl flue.

48 indicates an exhaust flue baviuu suit- 1 able communication at its inner end with the upper ecpializinuchamber through the flue openings 4-9, and at its outer em with a suitable stack 50 provided with a dust pi 51 at its lower end.

52 indicates a cold air duct which con]- municatcs with the screened openings 5;}. These openings 53 are formed in the rear walls of the garbage storage bins 2 and lead from the stoage bins to the duct 52, as

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clearly shown in Figs. 8 and l. The cold air duct 52 leads to a suitable cold air blower 54: which is driven by means 10f a suitable electric motor 55.

Leading from the blower 54L is an underground c-old air duct 56 which in turn communicates with a hot air duct 57 through the medium of the passages L5 surrounding the preheater tubes 44 between the lower and upper equalizing chambers and 42.

The hot air duct 57 is directed underground to a point below the burning grate where it communicates through the medium of a valved duct 58 with an air chamber 59 leading to the burning grate. Arranged upon opposite sides of the air chamber 59 to the burning grate, are suitable hot air chambers 60 which are positioned below the drying hearths and which connnunicate witl the lower combustion chamber 28 through the spaces 61 between the hearth members 11 and the openings 12 therein. The hot air duct 57 is provided with a pair of branch ducts 62 which supply hot air to the air chamber 60 below the drying hearths.

A by-pass duct 63 has communication with the cold air duct 5), and is provided with a balanced valve 64L to be opened when the blower is not running.

The upper floor of the incinerator housing structure 1 is provided with a perforat ed member 65 as a closure for each garbage receiving opening 3 and to permit the pas sage of cold air into the storage bins. The upper floor is also provided with inspection openings 66 which are closed by means of the removable cover plates 67.

Air chambers 59and 60 are each provided with a cleanout opening 68 in the front wall thereof and they are closed by means of a suitable removable closure 69.

The rear combustion chamber 35 and the lower equalizing chamber 40 are each provided with clean out openings 70 provided with the removable closures 71.

The stack is also provided with a clean out opening 72 which is provided with a removable closure 73.

The operation of the device is as follows:

In the initial starting of the incinerator, a suitable fuel is seton fire upon the burning grate and the blower is started. The garbage, refuse and foreign waste materials are dumped into the storage bins 2 through the openings 3 from the collection vehicles. The garbage is fed by gravity over the sloping floor of bins 2 to the gravity chutes 7 and rests on the sloping floor 8 thereof and against the valve 9 which is up. Owing to the fact that the sloping floors of the storage bins are directly above the lower and upper combustion chambers, heat is transmitted to them and the moisture cells of the garbage stored in the bins are initially broken down, permitting the freed water therefrom to pass down the sloping floors of the bins into the gravity feed chutes and into the lower combustion chamber. The freeing of this water also permits the garbage to easily slide downwardly toward the gravity chutes. The heat applied to the garbage and refuse in the storage bins through the floor of the bins, brings about a fermentation process, develops and releases alcoholic and ether gases contained in the garbage and refuse. All of these gases have a combustion value which, when drawn from the storage bins, passed through the preheater and are fed to the drying garbage upon the Stoker drying hearth and to the burning garbage in the burning grate, facilitate combustion.

its the garbage and refuse moves into and through the gravity feed chutes to the stoker drying hearths, it is held in check by the stoker valve 9 until the crank actuating mechanism lowers the stoker valve and raises the drying hearth members, intermittently, thus advancing turning over and over the garbage and refuse fed over the garbage drying hearth by the action of the valve 9 and hearth members 11. The inter mittent turning over of the garbage upon the drying hearth members permits the preheated gases to pass upwardly through the garbage and refuse mass upon the stolter hearths from the hot air delivering ducts, thereby exposing all parts of the mass to the preheated air and reflected heat and flames of the lower combustion chamber thereby bringing about a rapid drying out process of moisture within the mass and with certain kinds of garbages burning same by the time the drying garbage inass has advanced along the entire length of the drying hearth and dumped into the burn ing grate where the burning thereof is completed.

As the burning of the dried garbage mass takes place upon the burning grate the hot flames and gases from the burning mass are deflected by the arched baflle downwardly against the garbage being turned over and advanced intermittently by the stoker drying hearth, thence through the arch openings leading from the lower combustion chamber to the upper combustion chamber. From the upper combustion chamber the hot gases and flames are drawn through the checker screen fines into the rear combustion chamber from where they pass clownwardly and through the plurality of flues leading into the lower equalizing chamber. From here the gases pass upwardly through the n'eheating tubes into the upper equalizing chamber, thence into the chimney or stack flue through the connecting flu-es.

()wing to the fact that the preheater tubes are arranged in staggered relation, they offer the greatest amount of exposure to the iii) ' where it is driven through the pm.

Contaminated cold air beingcriven between them bythe blower. The cold air supplied to the preheater is first drawn through the perforated closures of the garbage receivii'ig opening into the storage bins where its al sorbs the odors, alcoholic and other gases finally passed. through hot air dcliy cry ducts to the hot air chambers below the burning grate and stolrer garbage drying hearth. This forcedhotair speeds up drying. process of moisture in the garbage ant refuse mass andmaterially facilitates combustion in the burning grate. l 1 V The progressive and continual turning over of the wet garbage and refuse mass upon the drying hearths, the sul1=sequcnt exposure to the heat of the lower combus tion chamber, coupled with the fun heated passing through the othe hotair chambers below, dr the garbags mass to. a combustible state by the time it has advanced from the stok-cr valve upon the drying hearth members to the burning grate. The dried garbage and refuse mass burns-readily itself, but the preheated forced air draft supplied, hastens and facilitates icombustion there also and permits the operation to proceed without further attentionias to the supplying of fuel to burning grate after its initial charge.

lhe many advantages of the heroin described invention will readily suggest then selves to those skilled in the art to which and smoke openings, said do it appertains.

i do not desire to be understood as limitmyself tothe exact details of constructhat variations and modifications may be made without departing from the sp it and scope of my invention and the terms of the following claims, hence I wish it to be unders ood that I reserve the right to make such changes, or modifications may fall within the scope of the appended is when fairly construed. ,at 1 claim is: I

in an incinerator structure of the class described, floor, oscillating drying hearths, arched structure having a of flame drying hearth and arched structureforming, in con junction with the walls of the incinerator, a pair of storage bins, a. lower combustion chamber, an upper combustion chamber, a rear combustion chamber, a lower equalizing chamber, an upper equalizing chamber, a

preheater disposed between said equalizing chambers forming a heating chamber, forced-draft mechanism, an air and gas conduit leading from the storage bins to said forced draft mechanism, a conduit leading from the forced draft mechanism to and through the heating chamber, a fuel burning e, a forced preheated air and gas cham- 7 or formed under the fuel burning grate and each oscillating drying hearth, a branched lor .edhot air and gas conduit leading from he heating chamber to said forced preted air and gas chamber, means for perttino the passage of forced hot air and from said preheat d air and gas cl1am- :1 the burning grate and oscillatiug drying hearths upwardly into the lower combustion chan'ibcr and smoke outlet means connecting with the upper equalizing chamnor.

2. In an incinerator structure, inclined oscillating garbage drying hearths, a burning grate disposed between the hearths, a floor having perforated charge openings, an arched structure having a series of flame and smoke flues, said hearth, burning grate, floor and arch structure forming in conjunction with the walls of the incinerator, agarbage storage space, hot air chambers disposed below the fuel burning grate and the drying hearths, a preheatcr. Il'1Q21l1:-? for conducting air and gases from the garbage storage bins to and through the n'eherucr for heating the air and gases and delivering same to the hot air chambers for fm'ccd delivery upwardly through the oscillating hearths and garbage mass thereon and the burning grate and the burning garbage therein, a lower combustion chamber having passages communicating with said storage space, an upper combustion chamber having communication at its sides with the lower combustion chamber, flame and heat deflecting means arranged in the lower combustion chamber, a rear combustion chamber, means for dividing and equalizing the flames and smoke as they pass from the upper con1- bustion chamber into the rear combustion chamber, lower and upper equalizing chambers for said preheater and outlet flucs communicating with the upper equalizing chamher.

3. In an incinerator structure. a housing, a garbage storage bin having an inclined floor, an inclined oscillating garbage drying hearth, a. burning grate disposed at the lower end of said hearth, a pr-ehealer, an arched structure having one of its end walls provided with a plurality of flame and smoke flues, said housing, hearth and arched structure forming, in conjunction with the walls of the housing, a lower combustion chamber, an upper combustion chamber, a rear combustion chamber, an equalizing chamber disposed at opposite ends of said preheater, a

1 Oil hot air chamber disposed below said hearth and a hot air chamber below said burning grate; a forced draft mechanism, an air and gas conduit leading from the storage bin to said forced drait't mechanism, a forced hot air conduit leading from the preheatcr to the hot air chambers under the drying hearth and burning grate and a stack having communication with one oi the equalizing chain bers.

4. In an incinerator construction, a housing structure provided with astorage bin having a sloping iioor, means of admitting air into the bin, an inclined stoker drying hearth, a gravity discharge chute between the drying hearth and the storage bin, a valve for controlling the feed of garbage to the drying hearth intermittently, a burning grate at the lower end of the drying hearth, a bailie arch disposed between the sloping floor of the bin and burning grate, a lower combustion chamber formed below the battle arch, an upper combustion chamber ftormed above the bafie arch, a passage connecting said combustion chambers, a rear combustion chamber, a series of fines connecting the upper end of the rear combustion chamber with the upper combustion chamber, a lower equalizing chamber, an upper equalizing chamber, preheater tubes disposed in spaced relation between the upper and lower equalizing chambers permitting of communication therebetwecn, an exhaust flue communication with the upper equalizing chamber, a stack flue communication with said exhaust fine, a cold air duct leading from. the storage bin, a blower connected to the cold air duct, means for driving said blower, a preheating chamber surrounding the preheater tubes, a forced air duct leading from the blower, a hot air chamber below the drying hearth, a hot air chamber formed below the illtli-Eiil gra to ar d the drying hearth, a valve controlled hot air delivery duct connecting the preheating chamber with the aforesaid hot air chambers, a duct leading from the cold air duct to one of the equalizing chambers and a counterbalanced valve for said duct.

lln testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name to the specification.

EDWARD M. JONES.

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