US3043247A

US3043247A - Incinerators

Info

Publication number: US3043247A
Application number: US723470A
Authority: US
Inventors: John W Hebert; Rue Phillip G La
Original assignee: Calcinator Corp
Current assignee: Calcinator Corp
Priority date: 1958-03-24
Filing date: 1958-03-24
Publication date: 1962-07-10
Anticipated expiration: 1979-07-10

Description

J ly 1 1 J. w. HEB'ERT ETAL 3,043,247

INCINERATORS 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 24, 1958 INVENTORS JOHN W. HEBERT PHILLIP G. LARUE BY ,a wfi FIG.

AT TO RNEYS July 10, 1962 J. w. HEBERT ETAL INCINERATORS 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 24, 1958 FIG. 3

INVENTORS JOHN W HEBERT PHILLIP G. LARUE FIG. 8

ATTORNEYS United States Patent p 3,043,247 INCINERATGRS John W. Hebert and Phillip G. La Rue, Bay City, Mich, assignors to Caicinator Corporation, Bay City, Mich, a corporation of Michigan Filed Mar. 24, 1958, Ser. No. 723,470 11 Claims. (Ci. 110-8) This invention relates to incinerators for burning all forms of combustible refuse, trash, and garbage, and more particularly to incinerators which are designed to secondarily combust the off gases of incineration and to methods of incinerating oft gases.

In the usual operation of domestic incinerators which burn refuse, trash, and gmbage within a home or building, considerable volumes of smoke, odiferous fumes, and fly ash and other noncombustible particulate matter are given off as the by-products of combustion. Most of the incinerators sold today are not designed to secondarily combust these off products and the result is that the atmosphere in many populous areas, where a good many incinerators are used and where there is also considerable industry, is being fouled by the discharge of these products. Various incinerators have been proposed for secondarily combusting the olf gases of incineration prior to releasing them to atmosphere; however, these incinerators have not been more than about 50% effective and have not been widely adopted. Recently, the assignee of this application introduced an incinerator having catalytic oxidation elements located in the path of the off gases of incineration which satisfactorily consumed and filtered out virtuallyall of these undesirable byproducts of incineration and had the approval of laboratory testing associations and the groups which set the standards for the industry. While these incinerating units which employed catalyst elements successfully destroyed off gases from all types of relatively wet and dry com bustible waste including vegetable waste, meats, feathers, suets, slaughtered poultry, grain, large bones, wool, skins, hair, sawdust, rags, paper, wax cartons, and the like, it was found that the cost of the catalyst elements was quite high.

One of the principal objects of the present invention is to design an incinerator which is capable of successfully combustin-g the off gases of an equally large variety of products with a gas flame and does not require catalytic oxydation elements to provide a virtually complete combustion.

Another object of the invention is to provide an incineration unit of the type described which is of compact and efficient design and requires but a single burner having a torch-like flame which both burns the solids in a primary combustion chamber and combusts the off gases in a secondary combustion chamber.

A further object of the invention is to provide an incinerator which is so designed that the flow of off gases is concentrated and virtually all of the gases are mixed with tongues of flame which effect a complete combustion of the combustible gases in the off gases and combustible particles entrained therein. 7

A further object of the invention is to provide an incineration unit of the type described in which the intermixed olf gases and tongues of flame are formed into cyclones of gases spiraling about a nonturbulent center or eye which permits the intimate association of the tongues of flame with the exapnding gases and assures a thorough combustion of combustible vapors in the gases while at the same time efliciently ridding the gases to be discharged to atmosphere of fly ash and other particulate noncombustible matter.

Another object of the invention is to provide in an incinerator of the character described, a secondary chamice her which is so designed that fiy ash and the like may be readily removed therefrom and does not pile up and interfere with the formation of gaseous cyclone bodies in the secondary chamber. I

Still another object of the invention is to design an incinerator including a secondary off gas burning chamber having target means against which the off gases and flame are directed to break up the flame and also to assist in the formation of cyclones of intimately intermixed spiraling gases and tongues of flame. 7

Another object of the invention is to provide a tar-get surface of the character described which cooperates with the off gas inlet to provide a restricted space within the secondary combustion chamber in which thorough intermixing of the flame and off products occurs.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an incinerator unit of durable and reliable design which can be economically manufactured and sold at a price competitive with units presently on the market which do not attempt to combust the OE gases of primary combustion.

With the above and other objects in view the present invention consists in the combination and arrangement of elements or their equivalents hereinafter more fully described, illustrated in 'detail in the accompanying drawings, and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims, it being understood that equivalent changes may be made in the various elements which comprise the invention without departing from the spirit thereof or the scope of the sub-joined claims.

In the drawings: 7

FIGURE 1 is a sectional, side elevational view of my novel incinerator indicating the manner in which the cyclones of flame and whirling off gases are formed in the secondary chamber;

FIGURE 2 is a sectional plan View taken on the line 2--2 of FiGURE l with the grate under the primary combustion chamber and the floor of the secondary com,- bustion chamber being omitted in the interests of clarity;

FIGURE 3 is a plan view of the grate only;

FIGURE 4 is a front elevational view taken on the line 4-4 of FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 5 is an enlarged, fragmentary, perspective view illustrating the construction of the lower end of the secondary combustion chamber;

FIGURE 6 is a top plan view of another target plate which may be employed to good advantage;

FIGURE 7 is a fragmentary plan view i ash removal openings in the floor of the secondary combustion chamber;

FIGURE 8 is a sectional, plan view on line 88 of FIGURE 1.

Referring now more particularly to the accompanying drawings in which we have shown a preferred embodiment of the invention only, a letter I indicates an incinerator of downdraft design of the same type as described in the aforementioned application which includes an insulated outer casing 10, as shown. Mounted within the casing or housing 10 and perimetrally spaced from the side walls and top thereof is an inner casing 11 which defines an air passage 12 between the walls of the inner and outer casings at the front, rear, and sides, as well as at the top. The bottom 14 of the incinerator at the sides.

and back thereof has openings 14a communicating with the passage 12 which permit air to flow into the passage 12 from outside the incinerator in the usual manner.

Both the inner and outer casings 10 and 11 are pro-. vided with top openings 15 and 16, respectively, and a llustrating the "vide a smoke collection chamber 26 within assess? a secondary combustion chamber 22 is a partition or wall 423 as shown. 'Hooks 24- mounted at the upper end of the wall 23 support a perforate memberor screen 25 which inclines outwardly from wall 23 as at 25a to prothe primary combustion chamber. The perforate member 25 ter- ,minates short of the bottom of chamber 21 and an imperforate bridge wall 27, which is of slightly less width than the interior width of the casing 11 so as to provide entrances 27' (FIGURE 2) for admitting ofl gases and air to the lower portion of chamber 26 during the initial stages'of incineration when the draft is low, is secured to the Wall 23 by brackets or straps 28. The imperforatebridge wall has the effect of directing most of the smoke and ofl gases upwardly to the screen 25 during 1 v incineration, whence they can proceed to the lower portion of chamber 26 which, of course, tends to concentrate them prior to charging them through the spout 23a to the secondary combustion chamber 22.

Provided in the front wall of the interior casing 11 is an opening 2? which permits insertion of a burner assembly B which includes a front plate 30 having a peripheral flange which overlies the marginal edge of the opening 29 and can be secured to the inner casing by bolts 31 (FIGURE 4) or in any other suitable manner. A high pressure burner 32 supplied by a gas line 33 is provided for issuing a torch-like flame P which will extend into the secondary chamber 22 through spout 23a audit will be observed that a burner shield or hood 34 of generally semi-cylindrical shape extends from the front plate 31 of the burner assembly through an opening 27a in the bridge wall'27 in line with the spout 23a. The burner 32 has an orifice 32a and ports therein (not shown) disposed in the portion of the burner which extends within the space 12 between the casings 10 and 11 admit primary air to the gaseous fuel mixture in the usual manner. While for the sake of convenience I have shown the burner'described, it is to be understood that the burner and also'the burner assembly disclosed in the previously mentioned" application and incorporated herein 1 by reference can also be employed to good advantage.

Formed in the dependingsections of the burner shield 34 are a series of vertically staggered openings 35 which have

deflector fins

36 and 37 in like vertically staggered relation disposed in the path of the flame F issuing from the burner orifice 32a to deflect a portion of it laterally to the refuse R which is shown in the primary combustion chamber 21. i

The divergent fins 36 extend completely across .the lower portion of the shield or hood 34 to, in eflect, chop olf an under portion of the flame, while flns 37 tend to deflect the outer portions of the flame F laterally. The central or .body portion of the flame continues through the burnershield 34"into the secondary chamber 22 as previously noted. Since the openings 35 and

fins

36 and 37 are staggered upwardly in a rearward direction, different portions of the flame are, of course, being deflected. Additional air is admitted to the chamber 21 through openings 30a provided in the front plate 30 of the burner assembly. 7 v

' Inwardly pressed sections provided on the side walls of inner casing 11 support a grate G of novel design which is reciprocable on the supports 38 and includes an outer or main grate portion formed of rectangularly shaped rod members 39', 40 and 41 and an inner grate portion formed by the rectangularly shaped rod member 42. The sections 38 terminate short of the rear wall of the casing 11 and form channels for the admission ofthe only air (from ,7 slightly grate portion has laterally spaced rods 44 welded thereto which extend at one side to overlie the one side of the rectangular rod member 41. Eye portions or bearings 45 which are welded to the ends of member 41 journal a shaft member 46 which is welded to inner member 42 and thence hassections bent upwardly at 46a provided with longitudinally bent ends at 4612 which extend through the bearings 45. The front end 46b is of such length as to extend through the casing walls'ltl and 11 freely and removably mounted on the outer end thereof is a knob 47. If the knob 47 is pulled forwardly the inner grate section first moves forwardly slightly until the section 46a comes into engagement with the front end of member 41 and thence'the entire grate moves forwardly. Likewise when the knob 47 is pushed inwardly the inner section of the grate has a slight movementrearwardly until section 46a engages the rear end of rod member 41 and the whole grate moves rearwardly. V

In this manner the grate is reciprocated to shake ashes into a removable ash drawer 43 provided under the grate and which, for a purpose which will later become apparent, is of suflicient length to extend rearwardly under a portion of the secondary chamber 22. The inner portion of the grate (4-2, 44) can also be revolved through part of a revolution to dump to the ash drawer 48 below and when revolved through an angle of less than, as will usually be the case, the ofiF-set weight of rods 44 returns the inner portion of the grate to horizontal position and assures that it will remain normally in this position. The grate is designed so that it may be removed out of the charging door 241 in a manner which will be later described. The ash drawer 48 is mounted on the bottom wall 14 of the incinerator and is formed as shown in FIGURE 4 with indented bottom wall portions 51 which admit air from the passages 12 to the'rear of the ash drawer for ci culation along with the air fro openings 38a through the bottom of the grate. V

. Mounted within the secondary chamber 22 directly opposite the spout 23a admitting the off gases and flame is a target plate 52 supported on the rear wall of the inner casing by angle brackets 53. A portion of the flat face of the target 52 is inclined upwardly as at 52a and the other portion is bent upwardly as at 52baat an angle inclined inward relative to the vertical for a purpose which will now be described in some detail.

In order to reach the spout 2312 the off gases and smoke concentrated in the lower portion of chamber 26 must make a 90 turn into the spout 23a through the wall of flame passing from the burner shield 34 toward the target SZ'and considerable intermixing of the ofl gases and flame, of course, occurs at this point, as does some secondary combustion of the gases. Smoke eddies or the like which have not been drawn upwardly in chamber 21 to the screen 25 when the draft is low can pass around the sides of the bridge wall 27 and similarly become intermixed with the ofl gases. It is also through theslitted openings 27 that excess oxygen or air from chamber 21 seeps to the lower portion of smoke coliection chamber 26 to support combustion and to mix with the flame and off gases proceeding toward the target 52. Air proceeding through the

passages

38a and 51 in the ash drawer finds its way to the spout 23a in this manner.

The intermixed body of flame, ofl gases, and air is splattered laterally outwardly by the target 52 which is in the lower portion of chamber 22. In the upper portion of chamber 22 a flue pipe 54 is provided which extends into a main flue F outside the casing and communicates with a suitable chimney to pass the products of secondary combustion to atmosphere and the purpose of this construction will later become apparent. The flue F, of course, exerts a draft in a vertical direction which tends to draw the products splattering against the target upwardly. For the most part the flame and gases are deflected laterally and upwardly, the laterally deflected mixture tending to take a rotary path so that a pair of op positely traveling cyclones 0 (FIGURE 2) are formed in the chamber 22 which consist of whirling bodies of intermixed off gases, flame tongues, and air whirling about relatively calm, nonturbulent centers. This cyclone effect may, of course, be enhanced by forming the target plate or surface shown in FIGURE 1 as illustrated in FIGURE 6 with curved side edges 55', however, it has been found that a flat plate which is spaced closely enough to the admission point "23a so that the flame and gases are splattered laterally outwardly also will cause the cyclone bodies to form with the draft exerted substantially normally as shown. The slope 52a of the target 52, of course, assists in the formation of the twin cyclones within the chamber 22. The portion 52b of the target 52 tends to turn the gases and flame back inwardly so that the flame is directed inwardly and gases do not seep out of the top portion of spent 23a without being contacted by portions of the flame deflected upwardly. It is important to note that the space between spout23a and target 52 is a relatively restricted space which discharges into the relatively large volume of the chamber 22. When the spiraling gases leave the upwardly diverging space between the spout 23 and target 52 they are at once permitted to expand considerably and because they are whirling rather than flowing in a linear path toward the flue 54 during the time of expansion the tongues of flame, which are mixed with the gases and can be seen forming a flame curtain across the mouth of the flue 54, thoroughly consume combustible gases and solid particles in the mixture. The fact that the flame is broken up by the target surface also tends to greatly enhance intermixing and secondary combustion in the relatively restricted space and the entire secondary chamber. Further, fly ash and other noncombustible particulate matter which is entrained in the spiraling gases finds its way to the calm center area of the twin cyclones and settles down to the floor plate 55 of the chamber 22. It is thought that the whirling gases are properly described as cyclones since the eye of the spiraling gases is calm and does not exert any suction force nor have any turbulences which would prevent the fly ash from falling rapidly to the bottom of the combustion chamber. Other particles which may be carried in the outer peripheral portion of the whirling gases tend to be scrubbed against the walls of the chamber 22 as the whirling gases progress toward flue 54 and also tend to drop to the floor 56 of the secondary combustion chamber. Noncombustible oft gases simply pass off through the curtain of flame to the flue F, of course.

The target 52 is formed of stainless steel so that it shortly becomes incandescent and thus many of the gaseous and particulate combustibles are simply consumed upon contact with the target. Thus, the combustion in the spout 53, at the target 52, and in the whirling cyclones provides a virtually 100% combustion of combustibles in the off gases and the action of the cyclones in ridding the gases of the fly ash and the like also prevents ash and soot from entering the atmosphere and helping create smog conditions.

Provided in the wall 23 and the rear wall of the inner casing 11 are corrugations 57, as shown, which assist in delivering some air to the spiraling gases. Also, similar corrugations 58 are formed in the side walls of the inner casing 11 at points such as to enhance the spiraling action and deliver air to the upper portions of chamber 22.

The floor 55 is formed with a tubular portion 59 which opens to the chamber 21 above the grate G in line with the bearings 45 of the grate, so that if the grate as a Whole is moved rearwardly the tubular portion 59, which is open at its bottom end, will accommodate the rear bearing 45. The purpose of this construction will later be made clear. The floor 55 also has a forwardly sloped portion 60 leading to openings 61 which tends to assist the accumulated fly ash and the like falling from the whirling gases to the openings 61 so that they may fall through to the ash drawer 48 therebelow. The fly ash dropping through the vertices of the twin cyclones tends to roll down the wall 59 and wall 60 to openings 61.

During operation of the incinerator the grate is maintained in inward position and carries a plate 62 welded thereto which normally covers openings 61. This cover or plate 62 prevents the entrance of sufficient air at this point parallel to the path of the cyclones which would cause turbulences in the bottom of chamber 22 if the openings 61 were uncovered. Secondary air which it is desired to admit to the combustion chamber 22 is rather provided in a direction tangential to the path of the whirling gases as through openings 63 in the rear wall of the inner casing under the target 52 or through spout 23 admixed with the flame and otf gases, so that turbulences which would hamper the formation of the twin cyclones are not created.

The horizontal portion of the floor plate 55 of the secondary combustion chamber is of suflicient length so that the rear bearing 45 of the grate can be moved rearwardly a sufiicient distance to permit the front end portion 46b of the plate to clear the front wall of the inner casing 11 when it is desired to remove the grate. Thus, to remove the grate, one first removes the knob 4-7 on the front end 4512 and thence, by reaching in through the charging door 20, pushes the grate rearwardly until the end 4612 clears the inner casing. Then it is a simple matter to tilt the grate to avoid the burner shield 34 and draw it upwardly out of the charging opening. It is, of course, sometimes quite important in the repair and maintenance of the incinerator that the grate G be easily removable in this fashion.

The

corrugations

63 and 64 in the side walls and front wall of the inner casing, respectively, in the primary combustion chamber provide channels for travel of air for primary combustion and for travel of the flame so that there is a wrap-around of flame relative to the material in the primary chamber 21 being combusted. The recesses of the side wall corrugations 63 are in alignment with the peripheral edges of

fins

36 and 37 so that channels are provided for the flames deflected laterally by these fins. (See FIGURE 2.) Additionally, openings 65 provided in the top wall of the burner shield 34 direct flame to any refuse which is above the burner shield.

In operation, during the initial stages of incineration, when portions of the charge are initially drying and odorous fumes are principally being given off, the.

wrapped garbage and refuse is positioned around the burner shield 34 and, since the path of the flames laterally from the shield is blocked until the flame tongues can burn through, less flame is deflected by the

fins

36 and 37 and more of the flame proceeds through to the target 52 to eifect the secondary combustion of the oif gases and odorous fumes. At this time the draft exerted by the flue 54 is not as strong and some of the odors are drawn through the slits 37 under brackets 28 into admixture with the flame. \Vhen an appreciable amount of the material charged to the chamber 21 is burning, the draft is strong enough so that most of the off gases and smoke are drawn up through the screen '26 which filters out a goodly proportion of the fly ash and, of course, the gases tend to become concentrated in the lower portion of chamber 26. During initial-stages of the incineration there is relatively little fly ash to be filtered out. It is during the middle stages of incineration, when much of the material in chamber 21 is burning, that the effect of the cyclonic path'which has no calm center. is no concentration of gases at the outset with which I that the draft of the flue 54- is strongest.

The provision of the

secondary air channels

38 and 51 are important to the incinerator because they deliver a limited and controlled volume of air up through the grate G and through slits 2'7. This air is necessary to supply air for drying the material on the grateand secondary 7 air for consuming the material thereon as well as for I providing a controlled supply of air to achieve combustion of the off gases.

Sufficient air to support the desired secondary combustion in the secondary chamber travels through slits 27 to the spout 23a and mixes with the off gases proceeding therethrough. The sections 33 effect the dual function of supporting grate'G as well as 7 serving as air channels.

At the lower end of the secondary chamber the cyclonic bodies are separately formed and do not interfere with one another whereas at the upper end of the chamber adjacent flue section 54 the intermixed flame and gases traveling in opposite directions are of sufliciently increased diameter to come into engagement (FIGURE 8) and considerable turbulence is created which tends to intermingle the cyclonic bodies just before they enter flue section 54. Most of the off gases have been consumed by the time this impingement occurs which results in forming a curtain of flame across the mouth of flue section 54 through which any unconsumed combustibles must pass. The resulting turbulence at the top of the chamber also tends to slow up the flow of gases through the secondary chamber to the flue 54- to provide more time in the cyclonic bodies for combustion to take place. The fact that flue F is of greater diameter than flue section 54 and air can enter flue F from passage 12 also is a controlling factor tending to decrease the draft force as desired and a conventional barometric damper (not shown) is also provided in flue F.

' The formation of expanding, spiraling cyclone bodies having nonturbulent centers or eyes is to be distinguished from the forcing of gases through a decreasing spiral In the latter case there broken up tongues of flame can be interspersed and no expansion of the off gases which accomplishes their efficient combustion occurs. Further in the instant case 7 the provision of the calm eyes orlcenters achieves removal of the fly ash and other noncombustible particulate matter in considerable quantities. With the present construction all of the many results can be accomplished with only the single burner in the primary combustion chamber. I p 7 It should be apparent that the instant invention has greatly advanced the art and provided for the first time, to the inventors knowledge, anincinerator unit which with a single torch-like flame is able to effectively combust virtually one hundred percent of the combustible matter charged to the incinerator.

While for purposes of illustration one form of this. invention has been disclosed, other forms thereof may become apparent to those skilled in the art, upon reference to this disclosure, and therefore this invention is not to be limited by the drawings and descriptive material but is to be measured by the scope of the appended claims.

We claim:

1. In an incinerator for combusting' refuse, garbage,

, and the like;'a casing including wall-means forming a primary combustion chamber and a generally vertically disposed secondary combustion chamber portion Within said casing rearward'of the primary chamber; a hood and burner means assembly within said primary combustion chamber, said assembly including a generally longitudinally extending hood portion extending rearwardly' toward the lower portion of said secondary chamber portion; said assembly also including burner means supported in said primary chamber substantially immediately under the hood portion, having a fuel issuing surextending a substantial distance rearwardly beyond said fuel issuing surface portion of the burner means to profeet the flame; grate means in'the primary chamber adjacent said hood and burner means assembly for supporting refuse, garbage, and the like adjacent the said hood and burner means assembly; the space ,within said hood portion rearwardly of said fuel issuing surface portion being sufliciently unobstructed to pass at least a portion of said flame axially to the rear end of said hood portion, and a lower section .of said secondary; chamber portion being open to said hood portion and primary chamber to admit tongues flame from said hood portion, and combustion gases from said primary chamber, to said secondary chamber portion; said wall means forming said secondary chamber including a flame-resistant target surface having forwardly curving side portions, opposite the fuel issuing surface portion and extending generally linearly vertically in longitudinal alignment with said fuel issuing surface portion; and flue means, connected with said secondary chamber portion near the upper end thereof and leading away therefrom out of said casing, exerti-nga draft pull on said gases and tongues of flame; said burner means being close enough to said target surface to direct tongues of flame and gases at said target surface with suflicient velocity to deflect the gases and tongues of flame laterally in opposite directions to tend to form dual cyclones and said secondary chamber portion above said target surface having a cross-sectional area of such size and shape that said dual cyclones are permitted to be formed with the draft of the flue means acting upon the laterally deflected tongues of flame and gases. 7 V

2. In an incinerator for combusting refuse, garbage, and the like; a casing including wall means forming a primary combustion chamber and a generally vertically disposed secondary combustion chamber portion within said casing rearward of the primary chamber; a hood and burner means assembly within said primary combustion chamber, said assembly including a, generally longitudinally extending hood portion extending rearwardly toward the lower portion of said secondary chamber portion; said assembly also including burner means supported in said primary chamber substantially immediately under the hood portion, having a fuel issuing surface portion with a generally longitudinal axis issuing a fuel fluid in an axial, generally longitudinal stream providing an elongate, torch-like flame under the hood portion directed rearwardly toward said secondary combustion chamber portion; said hood portion extending including a flame-resistant target portion for said secondary chamber portion opposite the fuel issuing surface portion and extending substantially in a generally vertical direction at the rear of said secondary chamber portion; and flue means, connected with said secondary chamber portion near the upper end thereof and leading away therefrom out of said casing, exerting a draft pull on said flame portion and gases; said burner means being close enough to said target portion to direct tongues of flame and gases at said target portion with sufficient velocity to deflect the gases and tongues of flame laterally in opposite directions to tend to form dual cyclones and said secondary chamber portion above said target portion having a cross-sectional area of such size and shape that said dual cyclones are permitted to be formed with the draft of the flue means acting upon the laterally deflected tongues of flame and gases.

3. In an incinerator for combusting refuse, garbage, and the like; a casing including wall means providing a primary combustion chamber and a generally vertically disposed, separated, secondary combustion chamber within said casing; a wall portion forming a hood in said primary chamber leading generally horizontally toward the lower end of said secondary chamber; said wall means providing the secondary chamber including a wall portion having a generally vertical inner Wall section adjacent said hood and including also an opposite outer wall section; burner means extending into the hood, having a fuel issuing surface portion with a generally-longitudinal axis issuing a fuel fluid in an axial, generally longitudinal stream providing an elongate, torch-like flame under and axially of the hood directed toward said secondary combustion chamber; said hood extending a substantial distance longitudinally beyond said fuel issuing surface portion of the burner means to protect the flame; grate means in the primary chamber adjacent said hood and burner means for supporting refuse, garbage, and the like adjacent the said hood and burner means, said Wall portions being open one to another to pass flame from the hood to the secondary chamber and at least one of said Wall portions being open to said primary chamber to admit combustion gases to said secondary chama her; a generally vertically disposed, a flame-resistant target, within said secondary chamber and spaced from the sides thereof and spaced also rearwardly of said inner section and having a surface extending generally vertically to its upper edge generally opposite to the fuel issuing surface portion and disposed substantially in longitudinal alignment with said fuel issuing surface portion; and flue means, connected with said secondary chamber near the upper end thereof and leading away therefrom out of said casing, exerting a draft pull on said gases and flame; said burner means being close enough to said target to direct tongues of flame and gases at said target with sufficient velocity to deflect the gases and tongues of flame laterally in opposite directions to tend to form dual cyclones and said secondary chamber portion above said target having a cross-sectional area of such size and shape that said dual cyclones are permitted to be formed with the draft of the flue means acting upon the laterally deflected tongues of flame and gases.

4. In an incinerator for combusting refuse, garbage, and the like; a casing, at least part of which comprises a primary combustion chamber; communicating wall portions forming a generally vertically disposed, separated secondary chamber within said casing and a hood in said primary chamber leading generally horizontally toward the lower end of said secondary chamber; burner means extending into the hood, having a fuel issuing surface portion with a generally longitudinal axis issuing a fuel fluid in an axial, generally longitudinal stream providing an elongate, torch-like flame under and axially of the hood directed toward said secondary combustion chamber; said hood extending a substantial distance longitudinally beyond said fuel issuing surface portion of the burner means to protect the flame; grate means in the primary chamber adjacent said hood and burner means for supporting refuse, garbage, and the like adjacent the said hood and burner means; said Wall portions being open one to another to pass flame from the hood to the secondary chamber, and at least one of said wall portions being open to said primary chamber to admit combustion gases to said secondary chamber; a flame resistant target of substantially less width than said 19 secondary chamber mounted therein at a spaced distance from the front thereof, within said secondary chamber and having a substantially vertically extending surface opposite the fuel issuing surface portion, substantially in longitudinal alignment with said fuel issuing surface portion; and flue means, connected with said secondary chamber near the upper end thereof and leading away therefiom out of said casing, exerting a draft pull on said gases and flame; said burner means being close enough to said target to direct tongues of flame and gases at said target with sufficient velocity to deflect the gases and tongues of flame laterally in opposite directions to tend to form dual cyclones and said secondary chamber portion above said target having a cross-sectional area of such size and shape that said dual cyclones are permitted to be formed with the draft of the flue means acting upon the laterally deflected tongues of flame and gases.

5. In an incinerator for combusting refuse, garbage, and the like; a casing including wall means providing a primary combustion chamber and a separated, generally vertically disposed, rearward, secondary combustion chamber within said casing; a generally longitudinally extending hood in the primary chamber extending rearwardly toward the lower end of said secondary chamber; said wall means including a front wall portion for the secondary chamber with an opening of reduced area relative to said primary chamber generally in longitudinal alignment with the hood and permitting the entrance of combustion gases in concentrated flow to said secondary chamber; grate means in said primary chamber for supporting refuse, garbage, and the like adjacent the hood; burner means, supported in said casing and extending into the hood, having a fuel issuing surface portion with a generally longitudinal axis for issuing a fuel fluid in an axial, longitudinal stream providing an elongate, torch-like flame directed axially, rearwardly through said hood and said opening to said secondary chamber with said gases; a transversely extending, flame-resistant target means for said secondary chamber substantially at the rear of said secondary chamber and spaced rearwardly from the opening in said wall portion, having a substantially vertical surface substantially in longitudinal alignment with and normal to the said fuel issuing surface portion and path of said gases; said target means having side edge portions projecting toward said front wall portion relative to the more central portion of the target means; and flue means, connected with said secondary chamber at the upper end thereof and leading away therefrom out of said casing, exerting a draft pull on'said gases and flame; said burner means being close enough to said target means to direct tongues of flame and gases at said target means with suflicient velocity to deflect the gases and tongues of flame laterally in opposite directions to tend to form dual cyclones and said secondary chamber portion above said target means having a cross-sectional area of such size and shape that said dual cyclones are permitted to be formed with the draft of the flue means acting upon the laterally deflected tongues of flame and gases.

6. In an incinerator for combusting refuse, garbage, and the like; a casing including wall means forming a primary combustion chamber and a rearward, generally vertically disposed secondary combustion chamber portion within said casing; said secondary combustion chamber portion having a front opening of restricted size relative to said primary chamber in an end thereof admitting combustion gases in concentrated flow to said secondary chamber; grate means in the primary chamber; jet burner means in said casing having a generally horizontal fuel issuing surface portion with a generally longitudinal axis in generally horizontal alignment with said front opening issuing a fuel fluid in an axial, generally longitudinal, rearward stream providing an elongate, torch-like flame directed rearwardly through said secondary combustion chamber portion; said secondary 11 chamber'portion including a flame resistant target portion, spaced behind said front opening and having a generally vertical extending surface with forwardly projecting side portions generally normal to the fuel issuing surface portion, disposed in substantially longitudinal alignment with said fuel issuing surface portion, said target portion above and said opening extending substantially vertically; and flue means connected with said secondary chamber portion near the opposite end thereof and leading away therefrom out of said casing; said burner means being close enough to said target portion to direct tongues of flame and gases at said target portion with sufficient velocity to deflect the gases and tongues of flame laterallytin opposite directions to tend to form dual cyclones and said secondary chamber portion above said target portion having a cross-sectional area of such size and shape that said dual cyclones are permitted to be formed with the draft of the flue means i acting upon the laterally deflected tongues of flame and gases.

7. In an incinerator for combusting refuse, garbage, and the like; a casing including wall means providing a primary combustion chamber and a separated, generally 7 vertically disposed, rearward, secondary combustion chamber within said casing; said wall means including a front wall portion for the secondary chamber with an opening of reduced area relative to said primary chamber permitting the entrance of combustion gases in concentrated flow from said primary chamber to said secondary chamber; grate'means in said primary chamber for supporting refuse, garbage, and the like; jet burner means, supported in said casing in longitudinal alignment with saidopening, and havinga substantially horizontally disposed fuel issuing surface portion with a generally longitudinal axis for issuing a fuel fluid in an axial, longitudinal stream providing an elongate, torch-like flame directed axially, rearwardly to said secondary chamber with said gases; flame-resistant target means for said secondary chamber substantially at the rear of said secondary chamber and spaced rearwardly from the opening in said wall portion, having a generally vertical surface substantially normal to said fuel issuing surface portion and substantially in longitudinal alignment with the saidffuel issuing surface portion and path of said gases; said target means having side edges spaced from the sides of said secondary chamber; and flue means, connected with said secondary chamber at the upper end thereof and leading away therefrom out of said casing, exerting a draft pull on said gases and flame; said burner means being close enough to said target means to direct tongues of flame and gases at said target means with suflicient velocity to deflect the gases and tongues of flame laterally in opposite directions to tend to form dual cyclones and said secondary chamber portion above said target means having a cross-sectional area of such size and shape that said dual cyclones are permitted to be formed with the draft of the flue means acting upon the laterally deflected tongues of flame and gases.

8. In an incinerator for combusting refuse, garbage, and the like; acasing including wall means forming a primary combustion chamber and agenerally' vertically disposed secondary combustion chamber portion within said casing; hood means and burner means within said primary combustion chamber, including a generally longitudinally extending hood portion extending toward the lower portion of said secondary chamber portion, and also including burner means supported insaid primary chamber substantially immediately under'the hood portion, having a fuel issuing surface portion with a generally longitudinal axis issuing a fuel fluid in an axial, generally longitudinal stream providing an elongate, torch,-

like flame under and axially of the hood portion directed toward said secondary combustion portion; said hood portion extending a substantial distance longitudinally beyond said fuel issuing surface portionof the burner 12 means to protect the flame; grate means in the primary chamber adjacent said burner means for supporting refuse, garbage, and the like adjacentthe said burner means; the lower portion of said secondary chamber portion being open to said hood portion and primary chamber to admit at least a portion of said flame from said hood portion, and combustion gases from said primary chamber, to 'said secondary chamber; said well means including a flame-resistant target portion with forwardly curved side edges generally opposite to the fuel issuing surface portion and extending substantially vertically linearly in longitudinal alignment with said fuel issuing surface portion; and flue means connected with said secondary chamber portion near the upper end thereof and leading away therefrom out of said casing; said burner means being close enough to said target portion to direct tongues of flame and gases at said target portion With sufficient velocity to deflect the gases and tongues of flame laterally in opposite directions to tend to form dual cyclones and said secondary chamber portion above said target portion having a cross-sectional area of such size and shape that said dual cyclones are permitted to be formed with the draft of the flue means acting upon the laterally deflected tongues of flame and gases.

9. A method of combusting incinerator primary combustion off gases in a substantially closed incinerator by-side, vertically extending, whirling funnels, with the vertices of the funnels near the lower end of the chamber and the increased girth upper ends of the funnels intermingling in the upper end of the chamber near the flue outlet opening, While simultaneously 'intermingling tongues of flame with said whirling gases,

10. In an incinerator for combusting refuse, garbage, and the like; a casing including wall means forming a primary combustion chamber and a generally vertically disposed secondary combustion chamber portion within said casing rearward of the primary chamber; a hood and burner means assembly Within said primary combustion chamber, said assembly including a generally longitudinally extending hood portion extending rearwardly toward the lower portion of said secondary chamber portion; said assembly also including burner means supported in said primary chamber under the hood portion, having a fuel issuing surface portion with a generally longitudinal axis issuing a fuel fluid in an axial, generally longitudinal stream providing an elongate, torchlike flame under the hood portion directed rearwardly toward said secondary combustion chamber portion; said hood portion extending a substantial distance rearW-ardly beyond said fuel issuing surface portion of the burner means to protect the flame; grate means in the primary chamber adjacent said hood and burner meansassembly for supporting refuse, garbage, and the like adjacent the said hood and burner means assembly; a lower section of said secondary chamber portion being open to said hood portion and primary chamber to admit atleast a portion of said flame from said hood portion, and combustion gases from said primary chamber, to said secondary chamber portion; a flame resistant target for said secondary chamber portion, having side edges spaced from the sidesof said secondary chamber portion, disposed generally opposite the fuel issuing surface portion and extending in a generally vertical direction to its upper edge at the rear of said secondary chamber portion; and flue means, connected with said secondary chamber portion near the upper end thereof and leading away therefrom out of said casing, exerting a draft pull on said flame portion and gases; said burner means being close enough to said target to direct tongues of flame and gases at said target with sufficient velocity to deflect the gases and tongues of flame laterally in opposite directions to tend to form dual cyclones and said secondary chamber portion above said target having a cross-sectional area of such size and shape that said dual cyclones are permitted to be formed with the draft of the flue means acting upon the laterally deflected tongues of flame and gases.

11. In an incinerator for combusting refuse, garbage, and the like; a casing including Wall means providing a primary combustion chamber and a generally vertically disposed, rearward, secondary combustion chamber With' in said casing; said wall means including a portion open to said primary chamber permitting the entrance of combustion gases from said primary chamber to said secondary chamber; grate means in said primary chamber for supporting refuse, garbage, and the like; burner means supported in said casing having a substantially horizontally disposed, fuel issuing surface portion with a generally longitudinal axis for issuing a fuel fluid in an axial longitudinal stream providing an elongate, torchlike flame directed axially rearwardly in said secondary chamber with said gases; said wall means including a flame resistant target portion for said secondary chamber spaced rearwardly from the burner means and having a generally vertical surface substantially normal to said fuel issuing surface portion and substantially in longitudinal alignment with the said fuel issuing surface portion and the path of said gases; and flue means, connected with said secondary chamber at the upper end thereof and leading away therefrom out of said casing, exerting a draft pull on said gases and flame; said burner means being close enough to said target portion to direct tongues of flame and gases at said target portion with sufficient velocity to deflect the gases and tongues of flame laterally in opposite directions to tend to form dual cyclones and said secondary chamber portion above said target portion having a cross-sectional area of such size and shape that said dual cyclones are permitted to be formed with the draft of the flue means acting upon the laterally deflccted tongues of flame and gases.

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