US2534336A - Primary galvanic cell - Google Patents

Primary galvanic cell Download PDF

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Publication number
US2534336A
US2534336A US568137A US56813744A US2534336A US 2534336 A US2534336 A US 2534336A US 568137 A US568137 A US 568137A US 56813744 A US56813744 A US 56813744A US 2534336 A US2534336 A US 2534336A
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United States
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
electrolyte
cell
film
depolarizer mix
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US568137A
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English (en)
Inventor
Nelson C Cahoon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Union Carbide Corp
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Union Carbide and Carbon Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to CA475651A priority Critical patent/CA475651A/en
Priority to NL70462D priority patent/NL70462C/xx
Priority to BE461815D priority patent/BE461815A/xx
Priority to US568137A priority patent/US2534336A/en
Application filed by Union Carbide and Carbon Corp filed Critical Union Carbide and Carbon Corp
Priority to GB29451/45A priority patent/GB603927A/en
Priority to FR918492D priority patent/FR918492A/fr
Priority to DEU612A priority patent/DE868170C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2534336A publication Critical patent/US2534336A/en
Priority to MY1953130A priority patent/MY5300130A/xx
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/06—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/429—Natural polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape

Definitions

  • This invention relates to primary galvanic cells and refers more particularly to such cells ofthe dry type.
  • a cereal paste usually of corn starch or the like.' is used to immobilize the electrolyte and to separate the zinc anode from the depolarizer mix.
  • the paste layer must be quite thick. and consequently it undesirably lessens the quantity of depolarizer mix that can be present in the cell.
  • a molded bobbin of depolarizer mix is wrapped with a layer of cotton fabric or certain synthetic organic materials, and it has been suggested that a bobbin of depolarizer mix be coated with a layer of organic resin.
  • a dry cell diaphragm must be inert. It must not react with the other elements of the cell and must undergo no chemical change which would interfere with proper cell operation. Otherwise,v a cell would have but a short shelf or service life.
  • the diaphragm material must be resistant to chemical attack by the electrolyte, the zinc electrode, and the depolarizer mix with which it is in Contact and, further, must resist attack by the products of the chemical reactions which take place within the cell. Yet it must not hamper ready diffusion of such reaction products.
  • the diaphragm should absorb and retain a large volume of electrolyte relative to its own total volume, that is, should be bibulous solution is to a considerable extent absorbed even when compressed between the zinc electrode and the depolarizer mix, and under these conditions it should not unduly increase the internal electrical resistance of the cell in which it is used.
  • the invention by means of which these objects are attained is based upon the discovery that a nonbrous, nonporous lm composed of certain organic film-forming compounds is a highly satisfactory diaphragm material for dry cells, provided such fllm is suitably protected from solution and subsequent ⁇ dispersion in dry cell electrolyte, One group of film-forming materials which when so protected are suitable for be used.
  • the purposes of the invention comprise the normally water-soluble alkyl cellulose ethers, and although the invention is not limited to any particular nlm-forming material, it will be described with particular reference to this group and specifically to methy1 cellulose which has been found to be particularly desirable.
  • a lm composed of alkyl cellulose ether normally soluble in dry cell electrolyte may be protected from excessive solution and dispersionr in such electrolyte in a variety of ways.
  • a lllm which would otherwise be too readily soluble in electrolyte may be backed by a suitable electrolyte-.insoluble material to form a composite diaphragm or, alternatively, such a nlm may be treated with an insolubilizing agent; or both expedients may y
  • Fig. 2 is simi/lar to Fig. 1 but illustrates a modifled form of vdiaphragm embodying the invention
  • Fig. 3 is similar to Figs. 1 and 2 but illustrates another modification of the diaphragm of the invention
  • the essence of the invention lies in the provision of a dry cell diaphragm composed of an orthough there are several types of diaphragms embodying the invention, a common feature -of all Methyl cellulose is a suitable material for this film base. It is available on the market in a number of grades identified by the viscosity of a 2% aqueous solution of the material at C. Grades having viscosities ranging from 15 to 4000 centipoisesunder these conditions are satisfactory for th purposes of this invention.
  • Suitable films may be'prepared from aqueous solutions of methyl cellulose containing about 1%' to 15% methyl cellulose by Weight depending on the viscosity.
  • dry methyl cellulose in the desired quantity is mixed with Water which is at a temperature of 80 C. to 100 C. and the mixture is allowed to stand until the methyl cellulose is thoroughly wet.
  • the mixture is then cooled, suitably in an ice bath, until solution is complete.
  • a lm of methyl cellulose so produced is undesirably soluble in dry cell electrolyte.
  • it is protected from excessive solution and dispersion in electrolyte by backing it with a separate electrolyte-insoluble material, thus forming a composite diaphragm to form a diaphragm of the type illustrated for example in Figs. 2 and 3.
  • composite diaphragm embodying A thin layer of'this solution is then the invention consists of a film of electrolytesoluble alkyl cellulose ether backed by a film of regenerated cellulose.
  • this composite diaphragm is placed with the regenerated cellulose backing adjacent to the depolarizer mix and the alkyl cellulose ether lm adjacent to the zinc electrode.
  • Cells containing such a diaphragm combination possess particularly good keeping qualities but their successful use is limited to those applications in which discharge conditions do not require rapid diffusion of reaction products to maintain satisfactory operating voltages.
  • Another, and preferred, composite diaphragm consists ol an electrolyte-soluble film of alkyl celluloseether backed by an alkyl cellulose ether lm which has been subjected to an insolubilizing treatment. This type of diaphragm is placed in a dry cell with the electrolyte-soluble nlm adjacent to the zinc electrode and the insolubilized lm adjacent to the depolarizer mix.
  • a suitably insolubilized lm for use in the composite diaphragm may be prepared from an aqueous solution oi methyl cellulose to which an insolubilizing agent has been added.
  • Suitable insolubilizing agents are organic polybasic acids, including aliphatic carboxylic, aromatic carboxylic and phenol carboxylic acids. Citric, phthallc, tricarballylic, tartaric, and malic acids, as well as gallic, digallic and similar acids commonly known as tannic acids are typical of the acids that 'may be used.
  • Insolubilized films may be prepared by casting and drying a methyl cellulose containing tannic acid.
  • a suitable film-forming solution may contain about 1% to 15% methyl cellulose by weight and about 0.1 part to 1.5 parts of tannic acid for each part by weight of methyl cellulose. This solution when cast and dried in the usual way produces a film with many of the physical characteristics of the plain methyl cellulose nlm but one which is at least partially insoluble in dry cell electrolyte.
  • a somewhatv more desirable insolubilized iilm for use in the composite diaphragm is prepared from a methyl cellulose solution containing citric acid as an insolubilizing agent.
  • the quantity of citric acid present in the solution may be about 0.01 to 1 equivalent weight of citric acid for each Ce unit of methyl cellulose, one equivalent of,
  • citric acid being one-third of its formula weight and a Cs unit being the basic unit of the complex methyl cellulose molecule.
  • Good lms have been formed for example from aqueous solutions tion are at least partially insoluble in dry cell electrolyte and have desirable properties after heat treatment at a temperature of about C. to 250 C.
  • the time of heat treatment in preparing a lm of this type depends not only on the temperature of the heat treatment but on the quantity of citric acid in the illm, the higher the temperature and the greater the quantity of citric acid employed, the shorter the time of treatment to attain a given degree of insolubility.
  • the film is heated for a time between a few seconds and ninety minutes. Excellent films have been obtained by heating 8 to 10 minutes at 205 C. j
  • ⁇ A backing film produced from a solution containing tannic acid or citric acid as described, although substantially insoluble in dry cell electrolyteVabsorbs limited but substantial quantities of electrolyte to produce an elastic, electrolyte-insoluble gel-like structure.
  • vCells containing a composite diaphragm consisting of a soluble methylgcellulose f llm backed by an insolubilizedV methyl cellulose film have excellent service characteristics even after many months storage.
  • Fig. 4 is shown a round dry cell provided with a composite diaphragm of the-type shown in Fig. l embodying the invention.
  • Adjacent to a zinc container electrode IIJA is placed a ⁇ lfilm I I of 'electrolyte-,soluble alkyl cellulose ether such as methyl cellulose.
  • the electrolyte-soluble film II is backed by an electrolyte-insoluble film I2.A
  • Depolarizer mix I3, wet with electrolyte, is provided within the container electrode I adjacent to the backing film I2, and a carbon electrode I4 is positioned in the depolarizer mix I3.
  • the cell is sealed at the top in conventional manner with 'Ia fibrous Washer I5 and a layer IB of seallng compound such as pitch or other conventional'sealing material.
  • diaphragm embodying the invention consists of a normally electrolytesoluble film of alkyl cellulose ether such as methyl cellulose protected from excessive solution and dispersion inv dry .cell electrolyte by insolubilization of one of its surfaces.
  • a film may be produced by treating one surface of an' ordinary methyl cellulose film with an insolubilizing agent suitably selected from the group of organic polybasic acids above listed.
  • an insolubilizing agent suitably selected from the group of organic polybasic acids above listed.
  • one surface of a dry methyl cellulose film may be subjected to the action of a 5% aqueous tannic acid solution at a temperature of about 50 C. to 60" C.
  • FIG. 2 A film of this type is illustrated in Fig. 2 of the drawing one side 3I of the film being untreated and the other side 32 being treated with an insolubilizing agent. When used as a dry cell diaphragm it is placed in the cell with the insolubilized surfacev adjacent to the depolarizer mix.
  • a single film diaphragm composed of a lm prepared from a solution containing an insolubilizing agent is entirely satisfactory.
  • a diaphragm may consist ofa lm prepared from a methyl cellulose solution containing tannic acid or citric acid, for example, as above described.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a battery of dry cells of the flat electrode type provided with single film diaphragms.
  • a plurality of dry cells each comprising a flat zinc electrode 20, a flat carbon electrode 2
  • the assembly of cells is sealed with a deposit 24 of pitch or other sealing compound, and is placed in a suitable container 25.
  • Films for use in the diaphragm of the invention generally should be as thin as possible consistentl results have been obtained with films about 0.003
  • the diaphragm of the invention in any of its y various forms, completely eliminates the necessity for any cereal paste in a dry cell. Since it is prepared as a dry lm, it is easily handled, and
  • the diaphragm of the invention makes possible an improved method of manufacturing the conventional round dry cells in which the zinc electrode serves as the cell container.
  • an insulating bottom is placed in the container, a. film is formed into a cylinder and slipped into the container.
  • the depolarizer mix, moistened with electrolyte, is then placed in the container, and the carbon electrode rammed into the mix. Additional electrolyte, if necessary, may then be placed on the depolarizer mix.
  • the cell is completed and sealed in conventional manner ⁇
  • the diaphragm film is arranged as above set forth with respect to the zinc electrode and depolarizer mix.
  • Dry cells provided with diaphragms Aembodying the invention but otherwise the same as conventional general purpose cereal paste type cells are far superior to the conventional cells. For example, their longer service life at different discharge rates is indicatedin the following table.
  • methyl cellulose will have the required properties when used in a dry cell as outlined above and that although the invention has been described with particular reference to methyl cellulose. it is not limited to this material. Hydroxyethyl cellulose. salts of the cellulose ethers of glycollic acid. such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl partial acetals and partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate may also be used. In double-film diaphragms it is not necessary that both films be of the same composition.
  • Insolubillzing agents include. besides the acids enumerated above, aldehydes such as glyoxal and formaldehyde; aldehyde resins. for example, phenol-formaldehyde and initial condensation products of an amide such as urea or melamine with formaldehyde; and isocyanates. Certain films. for example oi' sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and of polyvinyl alcohol, may be insolubilized by heat alone.
  • the light output of a flashlight varying as the 3.5 and 3.7th power of the voltage applied.
  • the electrolyte-soluble methyl cellulose lm placed next the zinc surface when exposed to electrolyte, becomes sticky adhesive
  • the electrolyte-soluble methyl cellulose lm placed next the zinc surface when exposed to electrolyte, becomes sticky adhesive
  • a mercury salt usually mercurio chloride
  • mercuric chloride may be incorporated in the diaphragm of the invention by dissolving a quantity of it in the solution from which a film is to be cast. Usually, about two grams of mercurio chloride per liter of water is sufficient. If a composite diaphragm is to be used, it is preferable to incorporate the'mercuric chloride in the film to be placed next the zinc. Since mercuric chloride is not compatible with certain insolubilizing agents, for example, citric acid, with single-film diaphragms insolubilized with such materials,
  • a composite diaphragm is shown in a round cell in Fig. 4 and a single film diaphragm is shown in flat cells in Fig. 5, it is possible and within the invention to use a composite diaphragm in flat cells and a single film diaphragm in round cells.
  • the thickness oi' the diaphragm is considerably exaggerated for illustration.
  • a primary galvanic cell comprising a soluble electrode; an insoluble electrode; a depolarizer mix; an electrolyte; and a diaphragm adjacent toan'd in contact with said soluble electrode and said depolarizer mix, said diaphragm being composed of a bibulous chemically inert, nonfibrous, synthetic organic film material at least the surface portion of said diaphragm in contact with said depolarizer mix being swellable in said electrolyte but insolubilized.
  • a primary galvanic cell comprising a soluble electrode; an insoluble electrode; a depolarizer mix; an electrolyte; and, separating said soluble electrode from said depolarizer mix and in contact with said soluble electrode and with said depolarizer mix, a bibulous diaphragm of alkyl cellulose ether, at least the surface of said diaphragm which is in contact with said depolarizer mix being insolubilized.
  • a primary galvanic cell comprising a zinc electrode; a carbon electrode; a depolarizer mix; an electrolyte; and a diaphragm separating said zinc electrode from said depolarizer mix; said diaphragm comprising an electrolyte-soluble lm of alkyl cellulose ether in Contact with said zinc electrode and a nonbrous, insolubilized but bibulous backing nlm in contact with said depolarizer mix.
  • a primary galvanic cell comprising a soluble zinc electrode; an insoluble carbon electrode; a solid depolarizer mix; a liquid electrolyte; and a diaphragm interposed between said zinc electrode and said depolarizer mix with one of its surfaces in contact with said zinc electrode and one of its surfaces in contact with said depolarizer mix, said diaphragm being composed of nonfibrous alkyl cellulose ether film, at least the surface of said diaphragm in contact with said depolarizer mix containing an organic polybasic acid insolubilizing agent.
  • a primary galvanic cell comprising a soluble zinc electrode; an insoluble carbon electrode; a solid depolarizer mix; a liquid electrolyte; and a diaphragm ⁇ interposed between said zinc electrode and said depolarizer mix with one of its surfaces in contact with said zinc electrode and one of its surfaces in contact with said depolarizer mix, said diaphragm being composed of nonflbrous alkyl cellulose ether film, at least the surface of said diaphragm in contact with said depolarizer mix containing tannic acid.
  • a primary ga-lvanic cell comprising a soluble zinc electrode; an insoluble carbon electrode; a solid depolarizer mix; a liquid electrolyte; and a diaphragm interposed between said zinc electrode and said depolarizer mix with one of its surfaces in contact with said zinc electrode and one of its 4surfaces in contact with said depolarizer mix, said diaphragm being composed of nonbrous alkyl cellulose ether lm, at least the surface of said diaphragm in contact with said depolarizer mix containing citric acid.
  • a primary galvanic cell comprising a soluble zinc electrode; an insoluble carbon electrode; a solid depolarizer mix; a liquid electrolyte; and a composite diaphragm interposed between said zinc electrode and said mixfsaid diaphragm comprising an electrolyte-soluble, nonbrous film of alkyl cellulose ether in contact with said zinc electrode and a backing film composed of insolubilized alkyl cellulose ether in contact with said depolarizer mix.
  • a primary galvanic cell comprising a soluble zinc electrode; an insoluble carbon electrode;
  • a solid depolarizer mix a liquid electrolyte; and a composite diaphragm interposed between said zinc electrode and said mix, said diaphragm comprising an electrolyte-soluble nonbrous film of methyl cellulose in contact with said zinc electrode and a backing film of insolubilized alkyl cellulose ether in contact with said depolarizer mix.
  • a primary galvanic cell comprising a soluble zinc electrode; an insoluble carbon electrode; a. solid depolarizer mix; a liquid electrolyte; and a composite diaphragm interposed between said zinc electrode and said mix, said diaphragm comprising an electrolyte-soluble nonbrous film of methyl cellulose in contact with said zinc electrode and, in contact with said depolarizer mix, a film of methyl cellulose containing citric acid.
  • a primary galvanic cell comprising a soluble zinc electrode; an insoluble carbon electrode; a solid depolarizer mix; a liquid electrolyte; and a composite diaphragm interposed between said zinc electrode and said mix, said diaphragm comprising an electrolyte-soluble nonbrous film of alkyl cellulose ether in contact with said zinc electrode and a film of insolubilized hydroxy ethyl cellulose in contact with said depolarizer mix.
  • a primary galvanic cell diaphragm composed of bibulous, chemically inert, nonflbrous, synthetic organic lm material at least one surface of said diaphragm being insolubilized.
  • a primary galvanic cell diaphragm comprising a bibulous, chemically inert, nonbrous film of synthetic organic material soluble in dry cell electrolyte and a nonflbrous backing film 1nsoluble in dry cell electrolyte.
  • a primary galvanic cell diaphragm composed of bibulous, chemically inert, nonfbrous alkyl cellulose ether film, at least one surface of said diaphragm being insolubilized.
  • a primary galvaniccell diaphragm comprising a lm of electrolyte-soluble methyl cellulose and a backing layer of insolubilized methyl cellulose.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)
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US568137A 1944-12-14 1944-12-14 Primary galvanic cell Expired - Lifetime US2534336A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA475651A CA475651A (en) 1944-12-14 Primary galvanic cells
NL70462D NL70462C (en, 2012) 1944-12-14
BE461815D BE461815A (en, 2012) 1944-12-14
US568137A US2534336A (en) 1944-12-14 1944-12-14 Primary galvanic cell
GB29451/45A GB603927A (en) 1944-12-14 1945-11-06 Improvements in primary galvanic cells
FR918492D FR918492A (fr) 1944-12-14 1945-12-07 élément de pile galvanique primaire
DEU612A DE868170C (de) 1944-12-14 1950-09-20 Galvanisches Primaerelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
MY1953130A MY5300130A (en) 1944-12-14 1953-12-31 Improvements in primary galvanic cells

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US568137A US2534336A (en) 1944-12-14 1944-12-14 Primary galvanic cell

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US2534336A true US2534336A (en) 1950-12-19

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US (1) US2534336A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE461815A (en, 2012)
CA (1) CA475651A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE868170C (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR918492A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB603927A (en, 2012)
MY (1) MY5300130A (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL70462C (en, 2012)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2816154A (en) * 1951-10-07 1957-12-10 Yardney International Corp Separator for electric batteries
US2838482A (en) * 1953-04-15 1958-06-10 Ions Exchange And Chemical Cor Process of sulfonating casein, zein, or soy-bean protein
US2858353A (en) * 1954-07-06 1958-10-28 Ions Exchange & Chemical Corp Separator for alkaline batteries
US2872498A (en) * 1955-04-18 1959-02-03 Union Carbide Corp High density barrier film separators
US2900433A (en) * 1955-04-18 1959-08-18 Union Carbide Corp Barrier films for galvanic cells
US2904615A (en) * 1955-04-18 1959-09-15 Union Carbide Corp Primary galvanic cells
US2920127A (en) * 1955-03-11 1960-01-05 Vogt Hans Alkaline accumulator
US2956100A (en) * 1955-10-12 1960-10-11 Yardney International Corp Electric battery structure
US3018316A (en) * 1957-12-23 1962-01-23 Polytechnic Inst Brooklyn Battery separators and method for producing the same
US3022367A (en) * 1958-04-23 1962-02-20 Yardney International Corp Separator for electric batteries
US3048647A (en) * 1958-02-28 1962-08-07 Union Carbide Corp Separator media for aluminum cells
US3092518A (en) * 1960-03-04 1963-06-04 Union Carbide Corp Anode film layer for galvanic cells
US3168421A (en) * 1961-08-25 1965-02-02 Dow Chemical Co Bibulous ion permeable membranes
US3519483A (en) * 1967-11-02 1970-07-07 Borden Inc Separator for alkaline electric batteries and method of making
FR2379915A1 (fr) * 1977-02-04 1978-09-01 Polaroid Corp Batteries de piles a elements plats
US4119770A (en) * 1976-05-07 1978-10-10 Polaroid Corporation Electrical cells and batteries
US4855194A (en) * 1988-02-05 1989-08-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Fuel cell having electrolyte inventory control volume
US5700599A (en) * 1996-01-12 1997-12-23 Danko; Thomas High absorption rate battery separator
US5700600A (en) * 1996-01-12 1997-12-23 Danko; Thomas Long life battery separator
CN110416476A (zh) * 2019-07-15 2019-11-05 河北金力新能源科技股份有限公司 一种高电导浆料及其制备方法和应用、锂电池隔膜以及锂电池

Families Citing this family (4)

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FR1109046A (fr) * 1953-06-19 1956-01-20 Procédé de formage de coupelles métalliques pour la fabrication ultérieure, par emboutissage, de corps creux à base fermée
DE1054518B (de) * 1954-12-28 1959-04-09 Union Carbide Corp An der Loesungselektrode von galvanischen primaeren Trocken-elementen anliegendes Diaphragma aus einem Methylcelluloseaetherfilm, und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE1074103B (de) * 1955-04-18 1960-01-28 Union Carbide Corporation, New York, N. Y. (V. St. A.) Scheider für ein galvanisches primäres Trockenelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US2812377A (en) * 1955-11-23 1957-11-05 Union Carbide Corp Flat dry cell

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US1640488A (en) * 1926-11-19 1927-08-30 Gen Dry Batteries Inc Dry cell and lining for same
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US1918717A (en) * 1932-06-23 1933-07-18 Ruben Condenser Company Electrical condenser
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US2034817A (en) * 1932-05-19 1936-03-24 Nat Carbon Co Inc Dry cell
GB479462A (en) * 1936-08-06 1938-02-07 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Improvements in or relating to galvanic elements
US2231319A (en) * 1936-09-25 1941-02-11 Burgess Battery Co Dry cell
US2270200A (en) * 1940-09-26 1942-01-13 Dow Chemical Co Insolubilization of water-soluble cellulose ethers
US2275281A (en) * 1936-12-16 1942-03-03 Berl Ernst Depolarization means
USRE22065E (en) * 1942-04-07 Anode
US2297248A (en) * 1936-08-21 1942-09-29 Rudolph Hans Porous materials and process of making

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USRE22065E (en) * 1942-04-07 Anode
US778653A (en) * 1904-07-21 1904-12-27 Ole H Lee Electric battery.
US1574844A (en) * 1923-04-26 1926-03-02 Le Carbone Sa Process for protecting gas-absorbing substances from penetration by liquid
US1640488A (en) * 1926-11-19 1927-08-30 Gen Dry Batteries Inc Dry cell and lining for same
GB394171A (en) * 1931-09-16 1933-06-22 Bruto Laurenti System of separation between the positive and the negative electrodes of electric dry-cells
US2034817A (en) * 1932-05-19 1936-03-24 Nat Carbon Co Inc Dry cell
US1918717A (en) * 1932-06-23 1933-07-18 Ruben Condenser Company Electrical condenser
US1981352A (en) * 1934-03-01 1934-11-20 Mallory & Co Inc P R Electrolytic condenser
GB479462A (en) * 1936-08-06 1938-02-07 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Improvements in or relating to galvanic elements
US2297248A (en) * 1936-08-21 1942-09-29 Rudolph Hans Porous materials and process of making
US2231319A (en) * 1936-09-25 1941-02-11 Burgess Battery Co Dry cell
US2275281A (en) * 1936-12-16 1942-03-03 Berl Ernst Depolarization means
US2270200A (en) * 1940-09-26 1942-01-13 Dow Chemical Co Insolubilization of water-soluble cellulose ethers

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2816154A (en) * 1951-10-07 1957-12-10 Yardney International Corp Separator for electric batteries
US2838482A (en) * 1953-04-15 1958-06-10 Ions Exchange And Chemical Cor Process of sulfonating casein, zein, or soy-bean protein
US2858353A (en) * 1954-07-06 1958-10-28 Ions Exchange & Chemical Corp Separator for alkaline batteries
US2920127A (en) * 1955-03-11 1960-01-05 Vogt Hans Alkaline accumulator
US2872498A (en) * 1955-04-18 1959-02-03 Union Carbide Corp High density barrier film separators
US2900433A (en) * 1955-04-18 1959-08-18 Union Carbide Corp Barrier films for galvanic cells
US2904615A (en) * 1955-04-18 1959-09-15 Union Carbide Corp Primary galvanic cells
US2956100A (en) * 1955-10-12 1960-10-11 Yardney International Corp Electric battery structure
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NL70462C (en, 2012)
DE868170C (de) 1953-02-23
FR918492A (fr) 1947-02-10
BE461815A (en, 2012)
CA475651A (en) 1951-07-31
MY5300130A (en) 1953-12-31
GB603927A (en) 1948-06-25

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