US2511407A - Amplifying valve of the progressive wave type - Google Patents

Amplifying valve of the progressive wave type Download PDF

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Publication number
US2511407A
US2511407A US794164A US79416447A US2511407A US 2511407 A US2511407 A US 2511407A US 794164 A US794164 A US 794164A US 79416447 A US79416447 A US 79416447A US 2511407 A US2511407 A US 2511407A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
wave
electrons
conductors
tube
cathode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US794164A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kleen Werner
Huber Harry
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
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Filing date
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Application filed by CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA filed Critical CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
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Publication of US2511407A publication Critical patent/US2511407A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/36—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/42—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/44—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field the forward travelling wave being utilised

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an amplifying valve, in which the amplification is obtained by the interaction, in a duct between a beam of electrons and a progressive. electro-magnetic wave.
  • the known valves of this type have the disadvantage of a substantial length, involving dilficultiesi-in focus'sing-the beam of electrons-,and it is the objectof-the present: invention to obviate:
  • Figures 1 and Z represent respectively in transverse and axial section a: preferredform of the invention
  • Fig, 3 represents in perspective and very diagrammatically.
  • reierenc'e characters I and 2 represent two circular conductors between which a wave can propagate along the periphery of the--conductors; k" the cathode,.e the input coupling; and s the output coupling.
  • the electrode l is insulated from the-mass of the tube comprising the electrode 2 by insulatingpie'cesfl.
  • the phase velocity Vp of the wave should be approximately equal to V.
  • the phase velocity of an electro-magnetic wave in a guide or duct is distinctly greater than that of the electrons for reasonable values of E0 and of B, the value of B, for a given value of E0 being necessarily greater than a critical value which is defined by the fact that below this value the electronic trajectories would not be circular in the direction of the periphery.
  • the phase velocity of the wave that is being propagated between the conductors I and 2 should be diminished.
  • This diminution is produced by inter'posing longitudinal inductances in the walls of the electrode 2, or of the electrode I, or of both at the same' time.
  • These inductances are produced for example by slits uniformly distributed in the walls, which constrain the surface current to make detours, that is to say, the action may be" expressed in the equivalent diagram by the existence of longitudinal inductances.
  • the tube may operate asaniamplifying valve it is necessary to avoid auto-excitation. Iii-order to attain this aim, according tothe invention three conditions are essential:
  • the cathode k is sub jected iii-this device to a continuous voltage-in relation to the electrodes l and 2, which is equal or approximately equal to the potential of the point 7c between the electrodes l and 2 inthe absence of the cathode.
  • This voltage is tapped on a potentiometer 5 inserted between the terminals 4, the tapping point being connected to the cathodic conductor 6;
  • the cathode of the proposed valve is not located in the axis of the system; (2) the closure of the valve at the position 10 of the tube is absolutely essential for the operation of the tube as an amplifier; (3) the constant magnetic field in this tube should be of definite sign, as a reversal of the magnetic field would prevent the tube from operating; whereas for the ordinary magnetron, reversal of the magnetic field has no influence on the operation of the tube.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 represent the diagram of a tube according to the invention in which the velocity of propagation of the Wave is diminished by slits ,f uniformly distributed in the walls. It is evident that the tube may be provided with devices of any sort which will diminish the velocity of propagation of the wave.
  • Fig. 3 shows by way of example another form of tube.
  • the same parts bear the same references as in Fig. 1.
  • the wave is propagated along a Lecher system L, which is curved into the form of a circle.
  • One or both of the conductors of the Lecher system are represented by very flat helices h, with rather close turns, as shown in transverse view in Fig. 4a and in plan in Fig. 419, or by wires of sinuous form as shown in perspective in Fig. 5, which leads to an increase of the longitudinal inductances by the formation of a winding path.
  • the valve according to the invention has the following advantage, in addition to that of very small dimensions:
  • the electrons which give up energy to the wave lose velocity.
  • the velocity being diminished the electrons cannot move with the velocity of the wave until the end of their discharge path, which diminishes the interaction between the electrons and the Wave, and consequently diminishes the emciency and the advantage of the tube.
  • the electrons always possess the same velocity, because the transfer of energy to the wave is compensated for by the removal of energy by the radial electric field E0, in such a way that the circular velocity of the electrons, that is to say, the velocity in the direction of the wave, is always given by the relation What we claim is:
  • At least one of the conductors includes slits normal to the direction of the duct, the structure of the said conductor providing gaps wherein is developed the radio-frequency field acting on the electrons.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US794164A 1947-01-09 1947-12-27 Amplifying valve of the progressive wave type Expired - Lifetime US2511407A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR940063T 1947-01-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2511407A true US2511407A (en) 1950-06-13

Family

ID=9361547

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US794164A Expired - Lifetime US2511407A (en) 1947-01-09 1947-12-27 Amplifying valve of the progressive wave type

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2511407A (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH267518A (en, 2012)
DE (2) DE878813C (en, 2012)
FR (6) FR940063A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB663728A (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL88043C (en, 2012)

Cited By (58)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2600509A (en) * 1947-08-01 1952-06-17 Cie Generale De T S F Traveling wave tube
US2607904A (en) * 1948-10-18 1952-08-19 Csf Electron optical system for cathodes of electron beam tubes
US2620458A (en) * 1949-03-31 1952-12-02 Raytheon Mfg Co Microwave amplifier
US2623129A (en) * 1948-06-12 1952-12-23 Csf Thermionic tube for amplification of ultrashort electric waves
US2632866A (en) * 1949-12-31 1953-03-24 Gen Electric Velocity modulation electron discharge device
US2633505A (en) * 1949-02-12 1953-03-31 Csf Ultra-short wave transmitting and amplifying tube
US2643353A (en) * 1948-11-04 1953-06-23 Int Standard Electric Corp Traveling wave tube
US2645737A (en) * 1949-06-30 1953-07-14 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Traveling wave tube
US2654047A (en) * 1948-01-20 1953-09-29 Int Standard Electric Corp Beam traveling wave amplifier tube
US2673306A (en) * 1949-03-16 1954-03-23 Raytheon Mfg Co Magnetron amplifier
US2680825A (en) * 1949-03-07 1954-06-08 Csf Traveling-wave amplifying tube
US2681427A (en) * 1949-04-23 1954-06-15 Raytheon Mfg Co Microwave amplifier
US2683238A (en) * 1949-06-17 1954-07-06 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave amplifier
US2687777A (en) * 1948-07-20 1954-08-31 Csf Thermionic tube for ultrashort waves
US2688106A (en) * 1948-07-20 1954-08-31 Csf Traveling wave amplifying tube with a magnetic field
US2694783A (en) * 1949-03-21 1954-11-16 Csf Electron gun for traveling-wave tubes with a transverse magnetic field
US2695929A (en) * 1951-03-29 1954-11-30 Csf Traveling wave tube having transverse magnetic and electrostatic fields
US2697799A (en) * 1948-12-01 1954-12-21 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Amplifying device for microwaves
US2699519A (en) * 1949-10-17 1955-01-11 Csf Traveling wave tube comprising coupled output cavity resonators
US2707759A (en) * 1948-12-10 1955-05-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electronic amplifier
US2725499A (en) * 1949-06-21 1955-11-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency amplifying device
US2730648A (en) * 1949-02-04 1956-01-10 Csf Travelling-wave tube
US2733305A (en) * 1948-09-30 1956-01-31 Diemer
DE942282C (de) * 1951-02-16 1956-05-03 Patelhold Patentverwertung Verstaerkungseinrichtung fuer Mikrowellen
US2745983A (en) * 1949-06-10 1956-05-15 Csf Traveling wave tube
US2747031A (en) * 1950-05-10 1956-05-22 Gen Electric Magnetron amplifier
US2757311A (en) * 1949-06-02 1956-07-31 Csf Double beam progressive wave tube
US2760102A (en) * 1950-06-09 1956-08-21 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Travelling wave tubes
US2760111A (en) * 1950-06-28 1956-08-21 Beverly D Kumpfer Magnetron amplifier
US2761088A (en) * 1949-02-22 1956-08-28 Csf Travelling-wave amplifying tube
US2764710A (en) * 1951-03-17 1956-09-25 Zenith Radio Corp Signal-translating devices of the traveling-wave type
US2770780A (en) * 1951-04-23 1956-11-13 Csf Symmetrical interdigital line for travelling wave tubes
US2773213A (en) * 1951-03-13 1956-12-04 Rca Corp Electron beam tubes
US2787734A (en) * 1949-06-10 1957-04-02 Int Standard Electric Corp Broadband magnetron
DE1007441B (de) * 1952-07-25 1957-05-02 Gen Electric Magnetron mit einem der Entbuendelung der Raumladungspakete dienenden Teil der Elektronenbahn
DE1007440B (de) * 1955-10-27 1957-05-02 Deutsche Elektronik Gmbh Magnetfeldroehre der Radbauart
US2791717A (en) * 1950-03-13 1957-05-07 Csf Travelling wave tube with crossed electric and magnetic fields and transversely directed beam
DE964249C (de) * 1952-02-23 1957-05-23 Siemens Ag Wanderfeldroehre
US2794146A (en) * 1949-02-23 1957-05-28 Csf Ultra-high frequency amplifying tube
US2801361A (en) * 1948-12-10 1957-07-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency amplifier
US2802141A (en) * 1949-03-16 1957-08-06 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge devices
US2807744A (en) * 1951-07-27 1957-09-24 Csf Travelling wave magnetron tubes
US2807739A (en) * 1950-08-12 1957-09-24 Csf Devices of focusing of electronic beams
US2808532A (en) * 1951-10-26 1957-10-01 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Space harmonic amplifiers
US2828440A (en) * 1950-06-22 1958-03-25 Rca Corp Traveling wave electron tube
US2861212A (en) * 1951-07-30 1958-11-18 Cie Generale De Elegraphie San Travelling wave magnetron tube
US2863092A (en) * 1953-08-05 1958-12-02 Raytheon Mfg Co Magnetron oscillators
US2882438A (en) * 1954-04-12 1959-04-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
US2888609A (en) * 1953-09-24 1959-05-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Electronic devices
US2920227A (en) * 1952-06-28 1960-01-05 Csf Ladder type delay line
US2951173A (en) * 1947-11-25 1960-08-30 Csf Traveling wave tube oscillators
US2951174A (en) * 1947-11-25 1960-08-30 Csf Travelling wave tubes
US2963621A (en) * 1952-01-24 1960-12-06 Raytheon Co Magnetron amplifiers
US2977502A (en) * 1957-02-26 1961-03-28 Raytheon Co Electronic discharge devices of the magnetron type
US2984763A (en) * 1951-10-30 1961-05-16 Raytheon Co Magnetron oscillators
US3068432A (en) * 1952-06-28 1962-12-11 Csf Ladder type delay line
US3071709A (en) * 1960-02-10 1963-01-01 Raytheon Co Traveling wave electrical discharge device
US3231780A (en) * 1960-10-14 1966-01-25 Sfd Lab Inc Meandering slow wave circuit having high impedance stub support means

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1142771A (fr) * 1956-02-20 1957-09-23 Csf Perfectionnements aux tubes à champs électrique et magnétique croisés
US4082979A (en) * 1976-09-29 1978-04-04 Varian Associates, Inc. Method and apparatus for reducing noise in crossed-field amplifiers
FR2708149B1 (fr) * 1993-07-23 1995-09-01 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Procédé de fabrication d'une ligne à hélice et ailettes couplées, ligne obtenue par le procédé et tube électronique comportant une telle ligne.

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2064469A (en) * 1933-10-23 1936-12-15 Rca Corp Device for and method of controlling high frequency currents
US2367295A (en) * 1940-05-17 1945-01-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2409038A (en) * 1942-12-31 1946-10-08 Rca Corp Magnetron and circuit therefor
US2444242A (en) * 1942-05-09 1948-06-29 Gen Electric Magnetron

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2064469A (en) * 1933-10-23 1936-12-15 Rca Corp Device for and method of controlling high frequency currents
US2367295A (en) * 1940-05-17 1945-01-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2444242A (en) * 1942-05-09 1948-06-29 Gen Electric Magnetron
US2409038A (en) * 1942-12-31 1946-10-08 Rca Corp Magnetron and circuit therefor

Cited By (59)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2600509A (en) * 1947-08-01 1952-06-17 Cie Generale De T S F Traveling wave tube
US2951174A (en) * 1947-11-25 1960-08-30 Csf Travelling wave tubes
US2951173A (en) * 1947-11-25 1960-08-30 Csf Traveling wave tube oscillators
US2654047A (en) * 1948-01-20 1953-09-29 Int Standard Electric Corp Beam traveling wave amplifier tube
US2623129A (en) * 1948-06-12 1952-12-23 Csf Thermionic tube for amplification of ultrashort electric waves
US2687777A (en) * 1948-07-20 1954-08-31 Csf Thermionic tube for ultrashort waves
US2688106A (en) * 1948-07-20 1954-08-31 Csf Traveling wave amplifying tube with a magnetic field
US2733305A (en) * 1948-09-30 1956-01-31 Diemer
US2607904A (en) * 1948-10-18 1952-08-19 Csf Electron optical system for cathodes of electron beam tubes
US2643353A (en) * 1948-11-04 1953-06-23 Int Standard Electric Corp Traveling wave tube
US2697799A (en) * 1948-12-01 1954-12-21 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Amplifying device for microwaves
US2801361A (en) * 1948-12-10 1957-07-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency amplifier
US2707759A (en) * 1948-12-10 1955-05-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electronic amplifier
US2730648A (en) * 1949-02-04 1956-01-10 Csf Travelling-wave tube
US2633505A (en) * 1949-02-12 1953-03-31 Csf Ultra-short wave transmitting and amplifying tube
US2761088A (en) * 1949-02-22 1956-08-28 Csf Travelling-wave amplifying tube
US2794146A (en) * 1949-02-23 1957-05-28 Csf Ultra-high frequency amplifying tube
US2680825A (en) * 1949-03-07 1954-06-08 Csf Traveling-wave amplifying tube
US2802141A (en) * 1949-03-16 1957-08-06 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge devices
US2673306A (en) * 1949-03-16 1954-03-23 Raytheon Mfg Co Magnetron amplifier
US2694783A (en) * 1949-03-21 1954-11-16 Csf Electron gun for traveling-wave tubes with a transverse magnetic field
US2620458A (en) * 1949-03-31 1952-12-02 Raytheon Mfg Co Microwave amplifier
US2681427A (en) * 1949-04-23 1954-06-15 Raytheon Mfg Co Microwave amplifier
US2757311A (en) * 1949-06-02 1956-07-31 Csf Double beam progressive wave tube
US2745983A (en) * 1949-06-10 1956-05-15 Csf Traveling wave tube
US2787734A (en) * 1949-06-10 1957-04-02 Int Standard Electric Corp Broadband magnetron
US2683238A (en) * 1949-06-17 1954-07-06 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave amplifier
US2725499A (en) * 1949-06-21 1955-11-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency amplifying device
US2645737A (en) * 1949-06-30 1953-07-14 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Traveling wave tube
US2699519A (en) * 1949-10-17 1955-01-11 Csf Traveling wave tube comprising coupled output cavity resonators
US2632866A (en) * 1949-12-31 1953-03-24 Gen Electric Velocity modulation electron discharge device
US2791717A (en) * 1950-03-13 1957-05-07 Csf Travelling wave tube with crossed electric and magnetic fields and transversely directed beam
US2747031A (en) * 1950-05-10 1956-05-22 Gen Electric Magnetron amplifier
US2760102A (en) * 1950-06-09 1956-08-21 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Travelling wave tubes
US2828440A (en) * 1950-06-22 1958-03-25 Rca Corp Traveling wave electron tube
US2760111A (en) * 1950-06-28 1956-08-21 Beverly D Kumpfer Magnetron amplifier
US2807739A (en) * 1950-08-12 1957-09-24 Csf Devices of focusing of electronic beams
DE942282C (de) * 1951-02-16 1956-05-03 Patelhold Patentverwertung Verstaerkungseinrichtung fuer Mikrowellen
US2773213A (en) * 1951-03-13 1956-12-04 Rca Corp Electron beam tubes
US2764710A (en) * 1951-03-17 1956-09-25 Zenith Radio Corp Signal-translating devices of the traveling-wave type
US2695929A (en) * 1951-03-29 1954-11-30 Csf Traveling wave tube having transverse magnetic and electrostatic fields
US2770780A (en) * 1951-04-23 1956-11-13 Csf Symmetrical interdigital line for travelling wave tubes
US2807744A (en) * 1951-07-27 1957-09-24 Csf Travelling wave magnetron tubes
US2861212A (en) * 1951-07-30 1958-11-18 Cie Generale De Elegraphie San Travelling wave magnetron tube
US2808532A (en) * 1951-10-26 1957-10-01 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Space harmonic amplifiers
US2984763A (en) * 1951-10-30 1961-05-16 Raytheon Co Magnetron oscillators
US2963621A (en) * 1952-01-24 1960-12-06 Raytheon Co Magnetron amplifiers
DE964249C (de) * 1952-02-23 1957-05-23 Siemens Ag Wanderfeldroehre
US2920227A (en) * 1952-06-28 1960-01-05 Csf Ladder type delay line
US3068432A (en) * 1952-06-28 1962-12-11 Csf Ladder type delay line
DE1007441B (de) * 1952-07-25 1957-05-02 Gen Electric Magnetron mit einem der Entbuendelung der Raumladungspakete dienenden Teil der Elektronenbahn
US2820923A (en) * 1952-07-25 1958-01-21 Gen Electric Magnetron
US2863092A (en) * 1953-08-05 1958-12-02 Raytheon Mfg Co Magnetron oscillators
US2888609A (en) * 1953-09-24 1959-05-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Electronic devices
US2882438A (en) * 1954-04-12 1959-04-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
DE1007440B (de) * 1955-10-27 1957-05-02 Deutsche Elektronik Gmbh Magnetfeldroehre der Radbauart
US2977502A (en) * 1957-02-26 1961-03-28 Raytheon Co Electronic discharge devices of the magnetron type
US3071709A (en) * 1960-02-10 1963-01-01 Raytheon Co Traveling wave electrical discharge device
US3231780A (en) * 1960-10-14 1966-01-25 Sfd Lab Inc Meandering slow wave circuit having high impedance stub support means

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB663728A (en) 1951-12-27
NL88043C (en, 2012)
DE919296C (de) 1954-10-18
FR59012E (fr) 1954-04-22
FR61021E (fr) 1955-03-23
FR940063A (fr) 1948-12-02
CH267518A (fr) 1950-03-31
FR60910E (fr) 1955-02-21
FR58447E (fr) 1953-11-27
FR57746E (en, 2012) 1953-05-05
DE878813C (de) 1953-06-05

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