US2426255A - Cathode for electron discharge devices - Google Patents

Cathode for electron discharge devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US2426255A
US2426255A US613455A US61345545A US2426255A US 2426255 A US2426255 A US 2426255A US 613455 A US613455 A US 613455A US 61345545 A US61345545 A US 61345545A US 2426255 A US2426255 A US 2426255A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
strips
cathode
relation
strip
folded
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US613455A
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English (en)
Inventor
Widmaier William
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STC PLC
Federal Telephone and Radio Corp
Original Assignee
Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE472665D priority Critical patent/BE472665A/xx
Priority to NL66444D priority patent/NL66444C/xx
Application filed by Standard Telephone and Cables PLC filed Critical Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Priority to US613455A priority patent/US2426255A/en
Priority to GB19414/46A priority patent/GB616712A/en
Priority to FR938873D priority patent/FR938873A/fr
Priority to ES176810A priority patent/ES176810A1/es
Priority to CH265652D priority patent/CH265652A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2426255A publication Critical patent/US2426255A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/02—Details
    • H01J17/04—Electrodes; Screens
    • H01J17/06—Cathodes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrodes for electron discharge devices and more particularly to the wire mesh or metal strip type of cathode structures as employed in gas or vapor types of rectifier tubes of high current carrying capacities.
  • the improved emitter structure of the invention is designed to produce a high degree of electron emission with a minimum expenditure of heating energy and to provide a cathode structure of large electron emission surface areas with relatively reduced heat radiation. Because of its regenerative properties, the filament operates at substantially a uniform temperature over its entire length-to a much greater degree than other similarly shielded filamentary type cathodes. It is of a formation and assembly offering structural or mechanical strength such as to be rigidly self-supporting and to resist deformation under the infiuence of heating in its operation such as might impair the proper emission characteristics. It is further designed to be particularly compact offering advantages in its structural embodiment and with the further advantage of permitting its being made of very thin metal to have high resistance values while maintaining the required mechanical strength for efficient operation over long periods of use.
  • the improved emitter is of a structural design which maintains the general shape and relative position of the electron emission surfaces substantially constant irrespective of the expansion and contraction under temperature change so as to maintain its electrical characteristics constant under variable operating conditions.
  • the developed structure produces a fabric strip type of electrode composed of two strips in interlocked and intersupporting relation of such character as to materially strengthen the resulting structure against lateral forces such as magnetic pull and likewise to resist deflection or sagging under heated condition of use.
  • the structural reinforcement by the interfolding of the strips accordingly obtains the benefits of the mechanical strength of the metal fabric on edge in two directions thereby avoiding the weakness of single strip corrugated or pleated formations of metal strip electrodes as heretofore proposed.
  • the strengthening effect as thus contributed permits of employing wire fabric strips of extremely fine gauge wire and fabric thickness with proportionate reduction of current consumption.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of the improved electrode structure composed of metal strip interfolded or interwoven in angular relation;
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the folded strips separated and in their angular relation for interfolding
  • Fig. 3 is a View partially in central vertical section and partially in elevation illustrating an embodiment of the invention in a gas filled diode type rectifier tube and Fig. 4 is a detailed vertical sectional view illustrating the mounting of the electrode in end elevation.
  • the emi ter is shown employed as the cathode of a gas filled diode-type rectifier tube which may be of the mercury vapor type.
  • the improved cathode structure in accordance with the invention is preferably made from strips l and 2 of metal fabric which may be of fine gauge nickel wire coated with thermionically active material such as barium, calcium and/or strontium oxides.
  • the metallic strips, of elongated ribbon form and of uniform width, are in their preparation initially folded as indicated in Fig. 2 upon equally spaced transverse lines.
  • the spacing corresponds substantially to the width of the ribbon or strip and these folds 3 are made or turned successively in opposite directions to produce a resulting folded ribbon of zig-zag or accordion pleated progression.
  • Two of the strips thus folded are relatively positioned with their folded edges in angular relation as illustrated in Fig. 2 showing the respective strips in their angularly displaced relation for interfolding to complete the cathode structure.
  • the strips l and 2 With the strips l and 2 thus angularly disposed they are interfolded as shown in Fig. 2 by interweaving wherein the folds or bends of each strip embrace or enfold a free edge 5 of the formed rectangular panels 5 of the associated companion strip.
  • the folds or bends of a given strip embrace free edges of the panels of the other strip alternately at opposite sides so that a rigid type of interlocking is effected and wherein as will be noted the metal on edge relation of the respective strips is angularly disposed in 90 angularity upon compression of the folded structure.
  • metal fabric on edge strength effective in angularly disposed transverse directions thereby adding considerable strength to the assembled structure.
  • the rectangular panels formed by the folding assume an acute angular relation with relation to connected adjacent panels. There is thus provided a close spaced relation of the emission surfaces. This is as would be effected on elongation or expansion of the structure from a flat folded relation with the panels in face engagement.
  • the disclosed interfolded structure in addition to its rigidity has a materially enhanced filament efliciency resulting from the permissible use of fine gauge fabric and a greater degree of compactness resulting in decreased heat radiation. It further has maximum emission areas thereby to obtain high thermionic cathode efiiciency by a close spacing between the panel emission surfaces which spaces are of a formation to make the structure regenerative.
  • FIG. 4 An illustrative embodiment of the improved emission electrode structure is shown in Fig. 4 wherein the emitter is employed as a cathode of a thermionic gas filled diode rectifying tube.
  • the tube which may be of the type employing ionizable mercury vapor comprises the customary base 6 containing insulatingly supported terminal pins 1 connected by wires 8 to the tungsten lead supports 9.
  • the supports have spaced upper ends upon which the cathode is supported and connected by having its ends composed of the two strip layers of wire mesh material, welded thereto.
  • Supported above the cathode in suitably spaced relation is the anode IE1 of inverted cup formation.
  • Surrounding the cathode and its mounting is the usual filament shield l l secured to a shielding disc support l2 mounted upon a central supporting rod l3 supported within the lower press l 4.
  • the upper end portion l5 of the shield is of reduced cylindrical form extended within and in spaced relation to the anode to provide the usual upper vent for the ionizing chamber 16 within the shield.
  • the anode is connected to an output lead I! connected to the upper terminal l8 supported upon the reduced end IQ of the usual glass envelope 20 containing the mercury vapor charge.
  • Insulatingly supported upon the leads and positioned in spaced relation below the shield is a lower heat shield 2
  • the cathode of the improved structural formation as described is mounted as shown to be positioned edgewise relative to the anode or target surface.
  • the cathode may be mounted other than as shown to suit specific conditions.
  • An electrode consisting of metallic strips folded on substantially transverse lines with progressive reverse bends and having the strips interfolded in angularly disposed relation.
  • An electrode consisting h of metallic strips folded on substantially transverse lines with successive reverse bends and having the strips interfolded in angularly disposed relation with the formed panels extended into angular spacing relation.
  • An electrode consisting of multiple strips of wire mesh material reversely folded on substantially transverse lines with successive reverse bends to be of zig-zag form and having the strips interfolded in angularly disposed relation with the formed panels disposed in acute angular relation.
  • An electrode consisting of metallic strips reversely folded on substantially transverse lines with qually spaced and successive reverse bends and having the strips interfolded in angularly disposed position with the formed panels disposed in acute angular spacing relation.
  • a cathode for electron discharge devices consisting of metallic strips folded on transverse lines with successive reverse turns and having the strips interfolded in angularly disposed relation to present strip material on edge in planes disposed at substantially ninety degrees angularity.
  • a cathode for electron discharge devices consisting of strips of metallic mesh material folded on transverse lines with successive reverse turns and having the strips interfolded in angularly disposed relation to present strip material on edge in planes disposed at substantially ninety degrees angularity and having its resulting panel in acute angular and spaced relation.
  • a cathode for electron discharge devices consisting of multiple strips of wire mesh material folded on substantially transverse lines with successive reverse bends and interfolded in angularly disposed relation of the strips to present strip material on edge in planes disposed at substantially ninety degrees angularity and with expansion of the structure to position the resulting panels in angular and spaced relation and said strips being coated with a thermionically active oxide,
  • a cathode for electron discharge devices consisting of multiple metallic strips reversely folded on substantially transverse lines and interfolded angularly disposed relative to one another with the bends of each strip embracing the free panel edges of the companion strip alternately at opposite sides thereof and having the resulting panel formations in angular relation.
  • a cathode for electron discharge devices consisting of two metallic strips reversely folded on equally spaced transverse lines and interfolded to be angularly disposed relative to one another with the bends of each strip embracing the free panel edges of the companion strip alternately at opposite sides thereof and having the resulting panel formations in acute angular relation.
  • a cathode for electron discharge devices consisting of two metallic mesh strips folded on transverse lines with successive reverse bends and interfolded in angular position relative to one another With the bends of each strip embracing the free panel edges of the companion strip alternately at opposite sides thereof and having the resulting panel formations extended into acute angular spacing relation and said strips being coated with thermionically active material.
  • electrodes for elec* tron discharge devices consisting in reversely folding strips of metallic material on transverse lines and interfolding the strips angularly disposed relative to one another with the bends of each strip embracing the free panel edges of the other strip alternately at opposite sides thereof.
  • electrodes for electron discharge devices consisting in reversely folding strips of metallic material on equally spaced transverse lines and interfolding the strips angularly disposed relative to one another with the bends of each strip embracing the free panel edges of the other strip alternately at opposite sides thereof.
  • electrodes for electron discharge devices consisting in reversely folding strips of metallic material of uniform width on equally spaced transverse lines and interfolding the strips angularly disposed relative to one another with the bends of each strip embracing the free panel edges of the other strip alternately at opposite sides thereof and with the formed panels in angular spaced relation.
  • An electron discharge device comprising an enclosing envelope, electrodes supported within the envelope in spaced relation including an anode and an electron emitting ribbon cathode formed of multiple strips each of which is folded on transverse lines successively in reversed direction and interfolded in angularly disposed relation of the strips With the formed panels in angular and spaced relation providing a cellular structure, said cathode being supported with an edge of the rectangular structure directed toward the anode, input leads to the cathode and an output lead connected to the anode.
  • An electron discharge device comprising an enclosing envelope, electrodes supported within the envelope in spaced relation including an anode and an electron emitting ribbon cathode formed of multiple wire mesh strips each of which is folded on transverse lines successively in reversed direction and interfolded in angularly disposed relation of the strips with the formed panels in acute angular and spaced relation providing a cellular structure, said cathode being supported with an edge of the rectangular structure directed toward the anode, input leads to the cathode and an output lead connected to the anode.
  • An electron discharge device comprising an enclosing envelope, electrodes supported within the envelope in spaced relation including an anode and an electron emitting ribbon cathode formed of multiple strips of wire mesh each of which is folded on equally spaced transverse lines successively in reversed direction and interfolded in angularly disposed relation of the strips with the formed panels in acute angular and spaced relation providing a cellular structure, said cathode being supported with an edge of the rectangular structure directed toward the anode, input leads to the respective ends of the cathode, an output lead connected to the anode and said strips being coated with a thermionically active oxide.

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  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
US613455A 1945-08-30 1945-08-30 Cathode for electron discharge devices Expired - Lifetime US2426255A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE472665D BE472665A (it) 1945-08-30
NL66444D NL66444C (it) 1945-08-30
US613455A US2426255A (en) 1945-08-30 1945-08-30 Cathode for electron discharge devices
GB19414/46A GB616712A (en) 1945-08-30 1946-06-28 Cathode for electron discharge device
FR938873D FR938873A (fr) 1945-08-30 1946-12-06 Electrodes pour dispositifs à décharge électronique
ES176810A ES176810A1 (es) 1945-08-30 1947-02-15 Mejoras en cátodos para dispositivos de descarga electrónica
CH265652D CH265652A (fr) 1945-08-30 1947-03-25 Electrode émettrice pour un dispositif à décharge électronique.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US613455A US2426255A (en) 1945-08-30 1945-08-30 Cathode for electron discharge devices

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2426255A true US2426255A (en) 1947-08-26

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US613455A Expired - Lifetime US2426255A (en) 1945-08-30 1945-08-30 Cathode for electron discharge devices

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US2426255A (it)
BE (1) BE472665A (it)
CH (1) CH265652A (it)
ES (1) ES176810A1 (it)
FR (1) FR938873A (it)
GB (1) GB616712A (it)
NL (1) NL66444C (it)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE965856C (de) * 1952-09-17 1957-06-27 Licentia Gmbh Gluehkathodenroehre mit Dampf- oder Gasfuellung und Oxydkathode
DE1018164B (de) * 1952-12-04 1957-10-24 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsroehre
DE1022699B (de) * 1956-04-27 1958-01-16 Siemens Ag Gas- oder dampfgefuelltes elektrisches Entladungsgefaess langer Lebensdauer mit heizbarer Oxydkathode aus Nickel und einem auf Nickel aufgetragenen Elektronen emittierenden UEberzug
US4249105A (en) * 1977-10-03 1981-02-03 Nippon Hoso Kyokai Gas-discharge display panel
US6519386B1 (en) * 1998-01-30 2003-02-11 Coretek, Inc. Light coupling apparatus and method

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1913432A (en) * 1931-06-11 1933-06-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electric discharge device
US2222021A (en) * 1938-02-04 1940-11-19 Fides Gmbh Oxide cathode

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1913432A (en) * 1931-06-11 1933-06-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electric discharge device
US2222021A (en) * 1938-02-04 1940-11-19 Fides Gmbh Oxide cathode

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE965856C (de) * 1952-09-17 1957-06-27 Licentia Gmbh Gluehkathodenroehre mit Dampf- oder Gasfuellung und Oxydkathode
DE1018164B (de) * 1952-12-04 1957-10-24 Siemens Ag Gasentladungsroehre
DE1022699B (de) * 1956-04-27 1958-01-16 Siemens Ag Gas- oder dampfgefuelltes elektrisches Entladungsgefaess langer Lebensdauer mit heizbarer Oxydkathode aus Nickel und einem auf Nickel aufgetragenen Elektronen emittierenden UEberzug
US4249105A (en) * 1977-10-03 1981-02-03 Nippon Hoso Kyokai Gas-discharge display panel
US6519386B1 (en) * 1998-01-30 2003-02-11 Coretek, Inc. Light coupling apparatus and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL66444C (it)
CH265652A (fr) 1949-12-15
FR938873A (fr) 1948-10-27
BE472665A (it)
GB616712A (en) 1949-01-26
ES176810A1 (es) 1947-03-16

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