US2425336A - Microwave directive antenna - Google Patents

Microwave directive antenna Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2425336A
US2425336A US469284A US46928442A US2425336A US 2425336 A US2425336 A US 2425336A US 469284 A US469284 A US 469284A US 46928442 A US46928442 A US 46928442A US 2425336 A US2425336 A US 2425336A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
antenna
rod
characteristic
dielectric
directive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US469284A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
George E Mueller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE469756D priority Critical patent/BE469756A/xx
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US469284A priority patent/US2425336A/en
Priority to GB5389/44A priority patent/GB575534A/en
Priority to ES175429A priority patent/ES175429A1/es
Priority to FR938755D priority patent/FR938755A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2425336A publication Critical patent/US2425336A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/24—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave constituted by a dielectric or ferromagnetic rod or pipe

Definitions

  • This invention relates to microwaves or centimetric antennas and particularly to end-on high gain directive dielectric antennas.
  • maximum radiant action in the end-n direction may be secured from a solid dielectric rod having a circular or rectangular cross-section by selecting, for the transverse dimension parallel to the electric vector of the wave component (H11) utilized, a value such that the phase velocity is equal to that of light and is constant or uniform throughout the linear rod. If, as disclosed in the Southworth application, the rod is composed of polystyrene having a dielectric constant of 2.5, the gain of the element considered. apart from its directive characteristic is fairly high.
  • the electric plane transverse dimension may be tapered uniformly throughout the entire length of the rod for the purpose of obtaining a flexible radar or scanning antenna element, the magnetic transverse dimension of the rod being maintained constant.
  • polystyrene rod having a uniform cross-section and a uniform phase velocity has been used in the past with success, it now appears desirable to secure a dielectric antenna element having not only a higher gain but also a directive characteristic which is more satisfactory for use in single element and multiple element radar systems.
  • the term end-on, as applied to an antenna or its direction of maximum action signifies that the antenna has a direction of maximum action aligned substantially with the longitudinal axis of the antenna.
  • the terms directivity and directive characteristic denote the ability of an antenna element to transmit or receive in a certain direction or directions included in a given plane, as compared to its ability or action in the remaining directions in the aforementioned plane.
  • the terms directivity and directive characteristic refer to the antenna ability to discriminate as to direction in its performance regardless of its gain as compared to another antenna.
  • the term gain denotes the action or performance of the antenna in a given plane and in a particular direction as, for example, the end-on direction in the case of a linear dielectric element, as compared to the action in the aforesaid particular direction of a standard reference antenna having a non-directional characteristic in said plane.
  • the gain and directivity are related in the sense that an antenna having a gain greater than the standard antenna must necessarily be directive to some degree. Conceivably, if the heat losses are sufficient, a highly directive antenna may have a negative gain as compared to the action of .the standard non-directional antenna.
  • the directivity is a function of the shape, contour, length, etc.
  • the gain is a function not only of the above parameters but also of the impedance, dielectric constant and other properties of the material forming the antenna.
  • one of copper and the other of iron have in general the same directive characteristic but different gains, since their ohmic or heat losses are substantially different.
  • the cross-sectional area of one longitudinal portion of a circular or rectangular bare that is, un-
  • the sheathed, polystyrene antenna element is linear- 1y tapered, and the cross-sectional area of the re- 'maining longitudinal portion is maintained uniform.
  • the tapered and untapered portions are equal in length so that the change or variation in the magnetic plane dimension for the element, considered as a whole, is almost exponential.
  • the diameter, and therefore the cross-sectional area is tapered; and in the case of the rectangular rod, the magnetic plane or the electric plane transverse dimension is tapered although, if desired, both the electric and magnetic plane dimensions may be tapered or graded.
  • the phase velocity linearly changes in the tapered portion but is constant in the untapered portion.
  • means are provided for efliciently coupling a coaxial line to the base or butt of the polystyrene element. Also in accordance with another feature, means are included within the dielectric element near the butt for converting the fixed linear polarization of a wave supplied thereto by a coaxial line or wave guide, to a rotating (circular) polarization; and conversely, for changing the circular polarization of a wave received by a dielectric antenna element and supplied to the line, to a fixed linear polarization.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 are perspective views, respectivetively of a rectangular dielectric antenna rod and a circular dielectric antenna, each having unequal tapered and untapered portions in accordance with the invention; and.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a circular dielectric antenna having in accordance with the invention equal tapered and untapered portions;
  • Fig. 4 is a set of curves illustrating the phase velocity characteristic for the rods of Figs. 1, 2 and 3;
  • Fig. 5 illustrates the single-frequency directive characteristic for the antenna rods of Figs. 1 and 2;
  • Fig. 6 is a set of gain curves for the antennas of Figs. 1, 2 and 3;
  • Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate, respectively, the singlefrequency and multiple-frequency directive characteristics for the rod antenna of Fig. 3;
  • Figs. 9 and 10 are, respectively, an elevational cross-sectional view and an end view of a holder or mounting for coupling the cylindrical antenna rod of Figs. 2 or 3 to a coaxial line.
  • reference numeral l denotes a bare polystyrene rectangular antenna rod having a longitudinal axis 2 and a length L of about 60 centimeters (24 inches). At the mean operating wave-length of 9.80 centimeters, the rod I is about six wave-lengths long.
  • the polystyrene rod hereinafter for convenience called a polyrod, is mounted in a holder, which functions as an air-filled wave guide or dielectric channel, 3, and is connected to a translation device (not shown) such as a transceiver, a transmitter or a receiver.
  • the connection between the antenna rod I and the translation device may include an the base 4 to about 2.54 centimeters at the inter-- mediate point 5.
  • the b dimension is uniform from point 5 to the far end or tip 6. Point 5 is located approximately 35.5 centimeters 14 inches) from the base 4 and approximately 25.5 centimeters (10 inches) from the tip 6.
  • the rod. comprises a tapered portion 1 and an untapered portion 8, or stated differently, the b dimension is non-uniformly tapered. At and near point 5 the tapering is extremely smooth, and preferably, but not necessarily, the tip 6 is rounded as shown.
  • the butt portion of rod I inserted in the holder 3 has uniform a and b dimensions.
  • antenna rod 9 is six wavelengths long and is in general the same as rod l except that it has a circular instead of a rectangular cross-section.
  • the diameter of the tapered portion of rod 9 linearly decreases from 4.44 centimeters (1.75 inches) at the base 4 to 3.2 centimeters (1.2 inches) at point 5.
  • the circular rod I0 is in general the same as circular rod 9, Fig. 2, except that the untapered portion is 35.5 centimeters (14 inches) long instead of 25.5 centimeters long, so that the tapered portion 1 and the uptapered portion 8 are of equal length and the rod 10 has an over-all length of 71 centimeters (28 inches) corresponding to 7.23 wave-lengths.
  • Figs. 1, 2 and 3 the dielectric rod. is energized by transverse electric (H11) waves polarized in the plane of the transverse rod dimension a, the waves being either received from a distant point or supplied by the associated translae tion device.
  • reference nu,- meral ll denotes the non-uniform measured phase velocity characteristic for the waves propagated through rectangular rod I.
  • phase velocity characteristic for rod 9 denotes the non-uniform measured phase velocity characteristic for rod 9, the phase velocity at any point along the circular rod being a function of the diameter at the aforementioned point.
  • the phase velocity characteristic for rod l0, Fig. 3 is the same as that of rod 9 except that the flat portion of the characteristic extends, as shown by the dotted line I3, beyond the flat portion of the characteristic for rod 9.
  • Fig. 4 also illustrates, for the purpose of comparison, the constant or uniform phase velocity characteristic M of the prior art polystyrene rod disclosed in the Southworth application.
  • FIG. 5 reference numerals l5 and I6 denote, respectively, the measured directive characteristics, in a plane containing the longitudinal axis 2, of the rectangular rod I and of the circular rod 9, both constructed in accordance with the invention. Also for the purpose of explanation, Fig. 5 includes three curves representing the directive characteristics for three polyrods of the uniform velocity type disclosed in the Southworth application mentioned above. Thus numerals l1, l8 and I9 denote respectively the 75 measured directive characteristic for a prior art Search R:
  • the rods constructed in accordance with the invention and corresponding to curves l5 and I6, and the prior are rods corresponding to curves l1, l8 and I9, will hereafter be denoted antennas A, B, C; D and E, respectively.
  • Numeral 20 denotes a unit antenna characteristic which is ideal or optim'um' for use in a multiple unit steerable radar antenna of the type disclosed in the copending application of C. B. H. Feldman, Serial No. 464,- 479, filed November 4, 1942.
  • maximum actlon for antennas A and B occurs end-on in a direction coincident with the longitudinal axis 2 of the antenna.
  • prior art antennas C and E and is substantially true for the prior art antenna D although, because of the dip 2
  • the maximum lobe for antenna D is bipenate or bipartite whereas the maximum lobes for antennas A, B, C and E are each penniform or unipartite.
  • the rod is composed of an infinite number of infinitesimal antenna segments or apertures spaced apart an'infinitesimal distance along the length dimension L of the rod. With the phase velocity equal to the velocity of light, the energies radiated by the segmental antenna apertures add inphase for the end-on direction.
  • end-on antenna action see Patent 2,236,393, A. C. Beck et al., March 25, 1941, especially Figs. 14 and 15 which relate to end-on arrays and lines therefore having uniform and non-uniform wave velocities.
  • the characteristic l5 for applicant's rod I includes a maximum lobe 23 having a highly desirable, that is, blunt, shape which conforms reasonably well with the ideal unit lobe 20.
  • the intensity of lobe 23, as measured in square root power values is greater than one-half the unity value. Outside the 30-degree range, the lobe intensity rapidly decreases. Also, the minor lobes 24 of characteristic l5 adjacent the maximum lobe 23 are small and the null 25 between each minor lobe 24 and the maximum lobe 23 is very deep.
  • the characteristic l6 for the optimum rod 9 similarly includes a maximum lobe 26 having a desirable shape, small minor lobes 21 and extremely deep nulls 28. In contrast, the directive characteristic I!
  • the directive characteristic 18 for the nine wave-length uniform-velocity prior art antenna D not only includes large undesired minor lobes 30, but also contains a maximum lobe 22, which is highly undesirable because it is'bipenated or bipartite and wider than the 30-degree sector. Moreover, the nulls 3
  • the directive characteristic I9 for the uniform velocity an-,- tenna E consists only of a maximum lobe which is altogether too wide for highly directive radar action.
  • the gains of an tennas A and B as compared to a standard spherical antenna are respectively 16.5 decibels and 16 decibels, whereas the gains of the prior art antennas C, D and E are respectively 15.25 decibels, 10 decibels and 11 decibels.
  • a dielectric antenna rod is obtained having a high gain, which characteristic or quality is particularly advantageous in connection with long range multiple unit radar systems.
  • the polyrods may be placed as close together as six inches since the cross-talk is not excessive and the mutual impedance is extremely low whereby an elficlent high gain array is secured.
  • reference numeral 32 denotes the one-way or single trip measured directive characteristic and numeral 33 denotes the round trip measured directive characteristic for the 7.32 wave-length circular antenna rod Ill, Fig. 3, hereafter denoted antenna F.
  • the characteristic 32 includes a maximum lobe 34 which approaches very closely the ideal unit lobe 20 and includes the very small minor lobes 35 and the very deep nulls 36.
  • the round trip characteristic 33 includes a maximum lobe 31, which is somewhat sharper than lobe 34, and includes the negligible minor lobes 38.
  • the characteristic 32 for the antenna F is more satisfactory for use in a multiple unit steerable antenna than the characteristic l5 for antenna A, or the characteristic [6 for antenna B, since nulls 36 of characteristic 32 are deeper than the nulls 25 and 28, the minor lobes 35 are smaller than the minor lobes 24 and 21 and the shap of the maximum lobe 34 is more conformable to the rectangular ideal lobe 20 than the shape of lobe 23 or lobe 26.
  • the gain of antenna F is one-half decibel and one decibel greater, respectively, than the gain of antenna A and. ,the gain of antenna B.
  • Fig. 4 comprising tapered and untapered portions of equal length and having a nonuniform phas velocity characteristic approaching an exponential characteristic, as illustrated by 39, Fig. 4, is the preferred embodiment of applicants invention. It may be noted that the characteristic 32 for antenna. F and the ideal unit characteristic 20, Fig. 7, are substantially the same as characteristics H4 and I3I, respectively, illustrated by Fig. 8 of the drawing in the above-mentioned Feldman application.
  • numeral 40' denotes the measured directive characteristic of antenna F at the intermediate frequencies corresponding to 9.80 centimeters and 9.85 centimeters
  • denotes the measured characteristic at the extreme frequencies corresponding to 9.75 centimeters and 9.90 centimeters.
  • the directive characteristic for applicant's end-on antenna is' highly stable over a band of microwave frequencies such as are employed in centimetric radar systems.
  • the shape of the maximum lobe 34 does not change materially, the intensities of the minor lobes 35 vary only slightly and the nulls remain exactly the same.
  • a dielectric antenna having a highly desirable band width or frequency-direction characteristic is obtained.
  • reference numeral 42 denotes a mounting for receiving the butt 43 of .the circular rod ID (or 9) and for coupling the dielectric rod to a coaxial line 44.
  • the line 44 comprises an outer conductor 45 and the linear conductor 46.
  • Numeral 4'! denotes a stub or tubular tuning member attached to mounting 42 for receiving coaxial line 44 and
  • numeral 48 denotes another stub or tubular tuning member positioned diametrically opposite stub 47.
  • Apickup or exciter conductor 49 extends coaxially in metallic members 41 and 48 and diametrically through the butt 43 of the polystyrene rod 9.
  • the inner conductor 46 of line 44 is connected to one end of wire 49 through a sleeve 50 and the outer conductor is secured to the stub 41 through a screw and thread joint
  • Numeral 52 denotes a short metallic conductor which connects an intermediate point 53 of wire 49 .to the tuning member 41 and the outer coaxial conductor 45.
  • Conductor 52 and the portion of wire 49 included between conductor 52 and the piston 55 in stub 48 constitute a matching section 54 having a critical length, and therefore a critical impedance, as determined by the adjustment of piston 55, for terminating the line 44 in its characteristic impedance.
  • the wire 49 is supported by the adjustable piston 55 so that wire 49 may be adjusted to full wave-length resonance.
  • the wire 49 is tightly secured in rod In.
  • centimetric waves are supplied over line 44 to the exciter wire 49 which functions to establish in the polystyrene rod [0 linearly polarized transverse electric waves having a fixed polarization such as vertical or horizontal. These waves are conveyed through the rod I0 and thence radiated as explained above. In the case of reception, wave components polarized in the plane of the pick-up wire 49 are absorbed by Wire 49 and supplied to line 44.
  • circularly polarized waves may be utilized.
  • Wires 56 function to produce from a wave of fixed linear polarization, as emitted by wire 49 or received by ,polyrod l0, .two components having a space quadrature relation and a time quadrature relation; and these components when recomb-inedin the rod produce a rotating resultant vector.
  • the use of circularly polarized waves eliminates the effects of fading which is due to discrimination against any particular fixed polarization.
  • the echo wave will be polarized after passing through the circularizer wires 56 in a direction perpendicular to the polarization direction of the transmitted wave.
  • a transmitter and receiver may be connected for duplex operation to a single polyrod, the wires 49 for transmission and reception being located at right angles whereby cross-talk is eliminated.
  • the antenna of the invention is preferably formed of polystyrene
  • the rod may be composed of other dielectric materials such as styramic, hard rubber. and acetate butyrate.v
  • An unsheathed dielectric linear unidirective antenna rod having a non-uniformly tapered cross-sectional area and a length dimension extending several wavelengths in the direction of maximum radio action.
  • a linear unidirective antenna rod composed of homogeneous dielectric material and having a length dimension of several wavelengths, the phase velocity characteristics of said antennas being non-uniform and said length dimension being aligned with the desired direction of radio action.
  • an unsheathed polystyrene linear antenna rod one portion of which has a uniformly tapered cross-sectional area and another portion of which has a constant cross-sectional area, means directly connected to the firstmentionedportion for coupling said antenna rod to a translation device, said antenna having only one maximum directional lobe, and said lobe being aligned with the longitudinal axis of said antenna.
  • a unidirective linear antenna rod composed of a homogeneous substance and having a longitudinal dimension extending several wavelengths in the direction of its maximum radio action, said element having a tapered cross-sectional area along one half, and a uniform cross-sectional area along the other half, of its longitudinal dimension.
  • a rectangular dielectric linear antenna element connected to a dielectric channel for supplying to, or receiving from, said element waves linearly polarized in the plane of one transverse dimension of said element, said element being tapered in the plane of one or both transverse dimensions along at least a portion of its longitudinal dimension.
  • a bare solid dielectric antenna element having a circular cross-sectional area of varying diameter along at least a portion of its length, the ratio of said length to its greatest diameter being greater than thirteen, whereby its phase velocity characteristic varies along said portion and its directive characteristic includes a blunt narrow maximum lobe, negligible minor lobes'and a null between the maximum lobe and each minor lobe.
  • a microwave antenna comprising an unsheathed polystyrene rod of circular cross-section, means at one extremity of said rod for coupling said rod to a translation device, the half portion of said rod adjacent said extremity having a cross-sectional area which is a maximum at said extremity and linearly decreases and the remaining half portion of said rod having a uniform cross-sectional area.
  • a polystyrene linear antenna element a coaxial line conductor connected to one end thereof for supplying to said element and receiving therefrom waves having a fixed linear Search Roor polarization, and a wave circularizer inserted in said element for changing the fixed linear wave polarization to a rotating linear wave polarization.
  • a polystyrene linear antenna element comprising a linear conductor connected to one end thereof for supplying to and receiving from said element waves having a fixed linear polarization, and means for changing the waves supplied to said element by said conductor from a linear fixed polarization to a linear rotating polarization and for changing the waves supplied to said conductor by said element from a linear rotating to a linear fixed polarization, said means comprising a pair of parallel metallic conductors extending through said element at an angle to said first conductor.
  • a dielectric linear antenna element and means for coupling said element to a two-conductor coaxial line and to a transceiver, said means comprising a metallic wire extending through said element transversely at a point near one extremity of said element, the ends of said wire being conductively connected to one line conductor and an intermediate point of said wire being adjustably connected to the other line conductor, and means for varying the length of said wire.
  • a dielectric linear antenna element having a circular cross-section, a metallic wire extending diametrically through said element near one end thereof for supplying to or receiving from said element a wave of fixed linear polarization, a pair of parallel metallic wires spaced from said first metallic wire and extending diametrically through said element, said parallel wires being at an angle of degrees relative to said first wire and spaced on the longitudinal axis of the antenna element, whereby in the case of transmission, a linear rotating or circularly polarized wave is produced in and radiated by said element from the wave of fixed linear polarization supplied by said first wire, and in the case of reception a linear wave of fixed polarization is produced in said element and supplied to said first wire from a received wave having a rotating linear polarization.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US469284A 1942-12-17 1942-12-17 Microwave directive antenna Expired - Lifetime US2425336A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE469756D BE469756A (fr) 1942-12-17
US469284A US2425336A (en) 1942-12-17 1942-12-17 Microwave directive antenna
GB5389/44A GB575534A (en) 1942-12-17 1944-03-22 Improvements in or relating to antennas for ultra high frequency electromagnetic waves
ES175429A ES175429A1 (es) 1942-12-17 1946-10-11 Una antena directiva para microondas
FR938755D FR938755A (fr) 1942-12-17 1946-11-09 Antenne pour ondes électromagnétiques à ultra haute fréquence

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US469284A US2425336A (en) 1942-12-17 1942-12-17 Microwave directive antenna

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2425336A true US2425336A (en) 1947-08-12

Family

ID=23863196

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US469284A Expired - Lifetime US2425336A (en) 1942-12-17 1942-12-17 Microwave directive antenna

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2425336A (fr)
BE (1) BE469756A (fr)
ES (1) ES175429A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR938755A (fr)
GB (1) GB575534A (fr)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2473446A (en) * 1945-11-06 1949-06-14 Henry J Riblet Antenna
US2526098A (en) * 1949-01-11 1950-10-17 John M Tewksbury Directive antenna system
US2596190A (en) * 1947-09-05 1952-05-13 Wiley Carl Atwood Dielectric horn
US2611869A (en) * 1944-04-21 1952-09-23 Int Standard Electric Corp Aerial system
US2617029A (en) * 1948-06-29 1952-11-04 Kinsey L Plummer Nutating antenna
US2624003A (en) * 1948-01-07 1952-12-30 Rca Corp Dielectric rod antenna
US2648002A (en) * 1945-11-19 1953-08-04 Us Navy Dielectric antenna
US2677055A (en) * 1949-10-06 1954-04-27 Philip J Allen Multiple-lobe antenna assembly
US2684445A (en) * 1946-03-29 1954-07-20 Us Navy Lobe switching antenna
US2735093A (en) * 1956-02-14 Airborne beacon antenna
US2761139A (en) * 1946-05-31 1956-08-28 Robert E Dillon Antenna
US2783467A (en) * 1951-07-03 1957-02-26 Csf Ultra-short wave aerials
US2801413A (en) * 1949-03-30 1957-07-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Directive dielectric antennas
US2825061A (en) * 1951-11-21 1958-02-25 Gabriel Co Wave radiator
US2942260A (en) * 1955-07-01 1960-06-21 Philip S Carter Circularly polarized wave apparatus
US2977593A (en) * 1947-11-04 1961-03-28 Raytheon Co Dielectric nose cone antenna
US4053894A (en) * 1974-03-21 1977-10-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Radio signal switching system employing dielectric rod antennas
EP0330303A2 (fr) * 1988-02-24 1989-08-30 THORN EMI plc Source d'antenne à rayonnement longitudinal
US5506591A (en) * 1990-07-30 1996-04-09 Andrew Corporation Television broadcast antenna for broadcasting elliptically polarized signals

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2142138A (en) * 1935-10-03 1939-01-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Guided wave transmission
US2202380A (en) * 1936-08-27 1940-05-28 Telefunken Gmbh Confined or space resonance antenna
US2206923A (en) * 1934-09-12 1940-07-09 American Telephone & Telegraph Short wave radio system
US2283568A (en) * 1940-06-18 1942-05-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency system
US2283935A (en) * 1938-04-29 1942-05-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Transmission, radiation, and reception of electromagnetic waves
US2304540A (en) * 1940-05-02 1942-12-08 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Generating apparatus

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2206923A (en) * 1934-09-12 1940-07-09 American Telephone & Telegraph Short wave radio system
US2142138A (en) * 1935-10-03 1939-01-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Guided wave transmission
US2202380A (en) * 1936-08-27 1940-05-28 Telefunken Gmbh Confined or space resonance antenna
US2283935A (en) * 1938-04-29 1942-05-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Transmission, radiation, and reception of electromagnetic waves
US2304540A (en) * 1940-05-02 1942-12-08 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Generating apparatus
US2283568A (en) * 1940-06-18 1942-05-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency system

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2735093A (en) * 1956-02-14 Airborne beacon antenna
US2611869A (en) * 1944-04-21 1952-09-23 Int Standard Electric Corp Aerial system
US2473446A (en) * 1945-11-06 1949-06-14 Henry J Riblet Antenna
US2648002A (en) * 1945-11-19 1953-08-04 Us Navy Dielectric antenna
US2684445A (en) * 1946-03-29 1954-07-20 Us Navy Lobe switching antenna
US2761139A (en) * 1946-05-31 1956-08-28 Robert E Dillon Antenna
US2596190A (en) * 1947-09-05 1952-05-13 Wiley Carl Atwood Dielectric horn
US2977593A (en) * 1947-11-04 1961-03-28 Raytheon Co Dielectric nose cone antenna
US2624003A (en) * 1948-01-07 1952-12-30 Rca Corp Dielectric rod antenna
US2617029A (en) * 1948-06-29 1952-11-04 Kinsey L Plummer Nutating antenna
US2526098A (en) * 1949-01-11 1950-10-17 John M Tewksbury Directive antenna system
US2801413A (en) * 1949-03-30 1957-07-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Directive dielectric antennas
US2677055A (en) * 1949-10-06 1954-04-27 Philip J Allen Multiple-lobe antenna assembly
US2783467A (en) * 1951-07-03 1957-02-26 Csf Ultra-short wave aerials
US2825061A (en) * 1951-11-21 1958-02-25 Gabriel Co Wave radiator
US2942260A (en) * 1955-07-01 1960-06-21 Philip S Carter Circularly polarized wave apparatus
US4053894A (en) * 1974-03-21 1977-10-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Radio signal switching system employing dielectric rod antennas
EP0330303A2 (fr) * 1988-02-24 1989-08-30 THORN EMI plc Source d'antenne à rayonnement longitudinal
EP0330303A3 (fr) * 1988-02-24 1991-05-08 THORN EMI plc Source d'antenne à rayonnement longitudinal
US5506591A (en) * 1990-07-30 1996-04-09 Andrew Corporation Television broadcast antenna for broadcasting elliptically polarized signals

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE469756A (fr)
GB575534A (en) 1946-02-21
FR938755A (fr) 1948-10-25
ES175429A1 (es) 1946-12-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2425336A (en) Microwave directive antenna
US4494117A (en) Dual sense, circularly polarized helical antenna
US2863148A (en) Helical antenna enclosed in a dielectric
US3568204A (en) Multimode antenna feed system having a plurality of tracking elements mounted symmetrically about the inner walls and at the aperture end of a scalar horn
US3162858A (en) Ring focus antenna feed
US4608574A (en) Backfire bifilar helix antenna
US2253501A (en) Resonant antenna system
US4028704A (en) Broadband ferrite transformer-fed whip antenna
US4369449A (en) Linearly polarized omnidirectional antenna
Nakano et al. Backfire radiation from a monofilar helix with a small ground plane
US2611869A (en) Aerial system
US2416698A (en) Radiation and reception of microwaves
US2820965A (en) Dual polarization antenna
US2773254A (en) Phase shifter
US4466003A (en) Compact wideband multiple conductor monopole antenna
US3274603A (en) Wide angle horn feed closely spaced to main reflector
GB534067A (en) Horns for the transmission and reception of ultra-short electromagnetic waves
US2548821A (en) Horn radiator adapted to be fed by a coaxial line
US2482767A (en) Broad band antenna
US2281429A (en) Antenna
US2644090A (en) Recessed slot antenna
US2485457A (en) Antenna system
US2411976A (en) Broad band radiator
WO1994014208A1 (fr) Ameliorations concernant les telephones portatifs
US2512137A (en) Antenna