US2473446A - Antenna - Google Patents

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US2473446A
US2473446A US627041A US62704145A US2473446A US 2473446 A US2473446 A US 2473446A US 627041 A US627041 A US 627041A US 62704145 A US62704145 A US 62704145A US 2473446 A US2473446 A US 2473446A
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axis
antenna
dielectric
directivity
revolution
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US627041A
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Henry J Riblet
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
    • H01Q3/14—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying the relative position of primary active element and a refracting or diffracting device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
    • G01S13/422—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates sequential lobing, e.g. conical scan
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/24—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave constituted by a dielectric or ferromagnetic rod or pipe
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
    • H01Q3/08—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying two co-ordinates of the orientation
    • H01Q3/10—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying two co-ordinates of the orientation to produce a conical or spiral scan

Definitions

  • This mv'mimi relates to antennasfor cominuniation systems and more particularly to antennas for radiating waves of electromagnetic
  • a compact and light-weight antenna and a particularly useful antenna is of the probe type comprising generally an elongated cone-shaped member made'of a dielectric material such as polystyrene, sometimes referred to as a "polyrod antenna.
  • the base of the dielectric member is usually a short section of circular wave guide excited by a probe in such a manner to propagate energy toward theapex of the eerie.
  • Such polyrod antennas always have their radiation patterns describing a figure of revolution with their peak signal in the direction of the axis of the antenna, that is, their axis of directivity substantially coincides with the axis of the dielectric cone-shaped member.
  • an object of the invention to provide an antenna of the kind described with means for angularly displacing the axis of directivity of the radiation pattern produced thereby without angularly displacing the antenna itself.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an antenna having a dielectric probe-like member, wich may be in the shape of an elongated cone, with a metal shield partially covering its surface resulting in displacing the axis of symmetry of the radiation pattern produced by the antenna.
  • Fig. 1 is a front elevationview of the antenna accordingto the present invention
  • h Fig. 2 is a partial longitudinal side view of the antenna of Fig. 1.
  • the antenna comprises a probelike member H inadeof any suitable dielectric material such as polystyrene.
  • Member II as shown is preferably in theshape of an elongated cone having a' substantially cylindrical base por5- tion 12 and a pointed or rounded apex I 3.
  • Mounted on and insubstantial alignment with the base portion [2 is a metallic sleeve or sheath l4, preferably of substantially hollow cylindrical shape and of substantially equal diameter to the base portion I 2.
  • the sheath I4 thus comprises a substantially circular short section of a wave guide transmission line.
  • Energy from a source is carried to wave guide or sheath l4 in any suitable manner such as by a section of coaxial line I5 connected to sheath l4 and including a probe or central conductor 46 for exciting energy within wave guide I4.
  • the energy propagated within wave guide 14 is thereby adapted to excite member H and, as thus far described, member II is adapted to radiate energy in a radiation pattern I! Whose axis of symmetry or axis of directivity A is substantially coincidental with the longitudinal axis of member ll.
  • Shield I8 preferably extends substantially the length of member II and is shaped to conform and lie in close contact with the surface of member ll. As shown, member I 8 is broader in width at the base portion l2 and gradually narrows or tapers toward apex 13. Preferably, shield l8 covers not more than half of the surface of member H and preferably along one side thereof. Shield I8 is effective to displace the radiation emitted from member II in a direction away from member l8. Thus, the axis of directivity or the axis of symmetry of the beam pattern I! is angularly displaced from the axis of member II as indicated as H in Fig. 2.
  • member H may be rotated about its axis whereby the displaced beam pattern IT or more correctly its axis of directivity substantially describes a cone whereby conical scanning may be achieved.
  • An antenna for communication systems comprising a dielectric solid of revolution substantially in the shape of an elongated cone having a cylindrical base portion, exciting means coupled to said base portion to cause said dielectric solid to radiate energy, said energy forming a pattern which normally has its axis of directivity substantially coinciding with the axis of said solid of revolution, a metallic sheet member mounted on said dielectric member and curved to conform to the shape of said dielectric member, said sheet member being so shaped as ,to be included between two angularly displaced planes which in-' tersect along the axis of revolution of said dielectric member, said sheet member covering substantially all of the surface of said dielectric member within one of the angles of intersection of said two planes, said sheet member being effective to angularly displace the axis of directivity of said radiation pattern in a direction away from said sheet member.
  • An antenna for communication systems comprising a dielectric solid of revolution substantially in the shape of an elongated cone having a cylindrical base portion, a hollow cylindrical metallic sheath mounted on and in aligning means, said probe exciting said dielectric member to cause it to radiate energy, said radiated energy forming a pattern normally having its axis of directivity substantially coinciding with the axis of said solid of revolution, a metallic sheet member curved to conform with the surface of said dielectric member, said sheet member being so shaped and so mounted on the surface of said dielectric member as to be included between two angularly displaced planes which intersect along the axis of revolution of said dielectric member with said sheet member covering substantially all of the area included within one of the angles of intersection of said two planes, said sheet member being eiTective to angularly displace the axis of directivity of said radiation pattern in a direction away from said sheet member.
  • An antenna as claimed in claim 1 wherein said antenna is adapted to be rotated about the axis of revolution of said dielectric member whereby the axis of directivity of said displaced radiation pattern substantially describes a cone in space.
  • An antenna as claimed in claim 2 wherein said antenna is adapted to be rotated about the axis of revolution of said dielectric member and wherein the area covered by said sheet member is generally not more than half the surface area of said dielectric member whereby the axis of directivity of said displaced radiation pattern substantially describes a cone in space.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Description

H. J. RlBLET June R4,, 1949.
ANTENNA Filed Nov. 6, 1945 ///w ML INVENTOR. HENRY .1. RI BLET OyAx/m' 2 442.
ATTORNEY Patented June 14, 1949 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,473,446 ANTENNA Henry}; Riblet, Cambridge, Mass, assignor, by inesne assignments, to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of War Application November 6, 1945, Serial No. 627,041
Claims.
This mv'mimi relates to antennasfor cominuniation systems and more particularly to antennas for radiating waves of electromagnetic In certain radio object locating systems, itis desirable to have a compact and light-weight antenna and a particularly useful antenna is of the probe type comprising generally an elongated cone-shaped member made'of a dielectric material such as polystyrene, sometimes referred to as a "polyrod antenna. The base of the dielectric member is usually a short section of circular wave guide excited by a probe in such a manner to propagate energy toward theapex of the eerie. Such polyrod antennas always have their radiation patterns describing a figure of revolution with their peak signal in the direction of the axis of the antenna, that is, their axis of directivity substantially coincides with the axis of the dielectric cone-shaped member. H
In order to obtain a conical scan in space, it has heretofore been necessary to incline the antenna relative, for example, to a horizontal support, and then to rotate the member about an axis perpendicular to the horizontal support so that the member itself describes a cone. To achieve such conical scanning, special supporting and rotating joints have heretofore been necessary. It has now been found that conical scanning may be achieved without the aforesaid disadvantages simply by rotating the dielectric member about its axis and by providing means to produce a radiation pattern whose peak signal is angularly displaced about the axis of the antenna.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide an antenna of the kind described with means for angularly displacing the axis of directivity of the radiation pattern produced thereby without angularly displacing the antenna itself.
Another object of the invention is to provide an antenna having a dielectric probe-like member, wich may be in the shape of an elongated cone, with a metal shield partially covering its surface resulting in displacing the axis of symmetry of the radiation pattern produced by the antenna.
For a better understanding of the invention together with other and further objects thereof,
reference is had to" the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing. I
In the drawing: 1
Fig. 1 is a front elevationview of the antenna accordingto the present invention; and h Fig. 2 is a partial longitudinal side view of the antenna of Fig. 1. H I
In the drawing, the antenna comprises a probelike member H inadeof any suitable dielectric material such as polystyrene. Member II as shown is preferably in theshape of an elongated cone having a' substantially cylindrical base por5- tion 12 and a pointed or rounded apex I 3. Mounted on and insubstantial alignment with the base portion [2 is a metallic sleeve or sheath l4, preferably of substantially hollow cylindrical shape and of substantially equal diameter to the base portion I 2. The sheath I4 thus comprises a substantially circular short section of a wave guide transmission line. Energy from a source (not shown) is carried to wave guide or sheath l4 in any suitable manner such as by a section of coaxial line I5 connected to sheath l4 and including a probe or central conductor 46 for exciting energy within wave guide I4. The energy propagated within wave guide 14 is thereby adapted to excite member H and, as thus far described, member II is adapted to radiate energy in a radiation pattern I! Whose axis of symmetry or axis of directivity A is substantially coincidental with the longitudinal axis of member ll.
Partially covering the outer surface of memher i l is a metallic shield or sheet l8. Shield I8 preferably extends substantially the length of member II and is shaped to conform and lie in close contact with the surface of member ll. As shown, member I 8 is broader in width at the base portion l2 and gradually narrows or tapers toward apex 13. Preferably, shield l8 covers not more than half of the surface of member H and preferably along one side thereof. Shield I8 is effective to displace the radiation emitted from member II in a direction away from member l8. Thus, the axis of directivity or the axis of symmetry of the beam pattern I! is angularly displaced from the axis of member II as indicated as H in Fig. 2.
If desired, member H may be rotated about its axis whereby the displaced beam pattern IT or more correctly its axis of directivity substantially describes a cone whereby conical scanning may be achieved.
While there has been described what is at present considered the preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the invention.
What is claimed is:
1. An antenna for communication systems comprising a dielectric solid of revolution substantially in the shape of an elongated cone having a cylindrical base portion, exciting means coupled to said base portion to cause said dielectric solid to radiate energy, said energy forming a pattern which normally has its axis of directivity substantially coinciding with the axis of said solid of revolution, a metallic sheet member mounted on said dielectric member and curved to conform to the shape of said dielectric member, said sheet member being so shaped as ,to be included between two angularly displaced planes which in-' tersect along the axis of revolution of said dielectric member, said sheet member covering substantially all of the surface of said dielectric member within one of the angles of intersection of said two planes, said sheet member being effective to angularly displace the axis of directivity of said radiation pattern in a direction away from said sheet member.
2. An antenna for communication systems comprising a dielectric solid of revolution substantially in the shape of an elongated cone having a cylindrical base portion, a hollow cylindrical metallic sheath mounted on and in aligning means, said probe exciting said dielectric member to cause it to radiate energy, said radiated energy forming a pattern normally having its axis of directivity substantially coinciding with the axis of said solid of revolution, a metallic sheet member curved to conform with the surface of said dielectric member, said sheet member being so shaped and so mounted on the surface of said dielectric member as to be included between two angularly displaced planes which intersect along the axis of revolution of said dielectric member with said sheet member covering substantially all of the area included within one of the angles of intersection of said two planes, said sheet member being eiTective to angularly displace the axis of directivity of said radiation pattern in a direction away from said sheet member.
3. An antenna as claimed in claim 1 wherein the area covered by said sheet member is generally not more than half the surface area of said dielectric member.
- 4. An antenna as claimed in claim 1 wherein said antenna is adapted to be rotated about the axis of revolution of said dielectric member whereby the axis of directivity of said displaced radiation pattern substantially describes a cone in space. a
5. An antenna as claimed in claim 2 wherein said antenna is adapted to be rotated about the axis of revolution of said dielectric member and wherein the area covered by said sheet member is generally not more than half the surface area of said dielectric member whereby the axis of directivity of said displaced radiation pattern substantially describes a cone in space.
HENRY J. RIBLET.
REFERENCES CITED The following referenlces are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,129,711 Southworth Sept.13, 1938 2,206,923 Southworth July 9, 1940 2,304,540 Cassen Dec. 8, 1942 2,415,089 Feldman Feb. 4, 1947 2,419,205 Feldman Apr. 22, 1947 2.425.336 Mueller Aug. 12, 1947
US627041A 1945-11-06 1945-11-06 Antenna Expired - Lifetime US2473446A (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2648002A (en) * 1945-11-19 1953-08-04 Us Navy Dielectric antenna
US2677055A (en) * 1949-10-06 1954-04-27 Philip J Allen Multiple-lobe antenna assembly
US2684445A (en) * 1946-03-29 1954-07-20 Us Navy Lobe switching antenna
US2761139A (en) * 1946-05-31 1956-08-28 Robert E Dillon Antenna
US2774067A (en) * 1949-08-17 1956-12-11 Rca Corp Microwave scanning antenna system
US2783467A (en) * 1951-07-03 1957-02-26 Csf Ultra-short wave aerials
US2801413A (en) * 1949-03-30 1957-07-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Directive dielectric antennas
WO1986003891A2 (en) * 1984-12-19 1986-07-03 Martin Marietta Corporation A compound dielectric multi-conductor transmission line and devices constructed therefrom
US4835543A (en) * 1984-12-19 1989-05-30 Martin Marietta Corporation Dielectric slab antennas
US20050285808A1 (en) * 2002-07-08 2005-12-29 Saab Ab Electrically controlled broadband group antenna, antenna element suitable for incorporation in such a group antenna, and antenna module comprising several antenna elements

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2129711A (en) * 1933-03-16 1938-09-13 American Telephone & Telegraph Guided transmission of ultra high frequency waves
US2206923A (en) * 1934-09-12 1940-07-09 American Telephone & Telegraph Short wave radio system
US2304540A (en) * 1940-05-02 1942-12-08 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Generating apparatus
US2415089A (en) * 1942-05-28 1947-02-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave antennas
US2419205A (en) * 1942-11-04 1947-04-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Directive antenna system
US2425336A (en) * 1942-12-17 1947-08-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave directive antenna

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2129711A (en) * 1933-03-16 1938-09-13 American Telephone & Telegraph Guided transmission of ultra high frequency waves
US2206923A (en) * 1934-09-12 1940-07-09 American Telephone & Telegraph Short wave radio system
US2304540A (en) * 1940-05-02 1942-12-08 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Generating apparatus
US2415089A (en) * 1942-05-28 1947-02-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave antennas
US2419205A (en) * 1942-11-04 1947-04-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Directive antenna system
US2425336A (en) * 1942-12-17 1947-08-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave directive antenna

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2648002A (en) * 1945-11-19 1953-08-04 Us Navy Dielectric antenna
US2684445A (en) * 1946-03-29 1954-07-20 Us Navy Lobe switching antenna
US2761139A (en) * 1946-05-31 1956-08-28 Robert E Dillon Antenna
US2801413A (en) * 1949-03-30 1957-07-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Directive dielectric antennas
US2774067A (en) * 1949-08-17 1956-12-11 Rca Corp Microwave scanning antenna system
US2677055A (en) * 1949-10-06 1954-04-27 Philip J Allen Multiple-lobe antenna assembly
US2783467A (en) * 1951-07-03 1957-02-26 Csf Ultra-short wave aerials
WO1986003891A2 (en) * 1984-12-19 1986-07-03 Martin Marietta Corporation A compound dielectric multi-conductor transmission line and devices constructed therefrom
WO1986003891A3 (en) * 1984-12-19 1988-01-14 Martin Marietta Corp A compound dielectric multi-conductor transmission line and devices constructed therefrom
US4835543A (en) * 1984-12-19 1989-05-30 Martin Marietta Corporation Dielectric slab antennas
US20050285808A1 (en) * 2002-07-08 2005-12-29 Saab Ab Electrically controlled broadband group antenna, antenna element suitable for incorporation in such a group antenna, and antenna module comprising several antenna elements
US7616169B2 (en) * 2002-07-08 2009-11-10 Saab Ab Electrically controlled broadband group antenna, antenna element suitable for incorporation in such a group antenna, and antenna module comprising several antenna elements

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