US2684445A - Lobe switching antenna - Google Patents
Lobe switching antenna Download PDFInfo
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- US2684445A US2684445A US657993A US65799346A US2684445A US 2684445 A US2684445 A US 2684445A US 657993 A US657993 A US 657993A US 65799346 A US65799346 A US 65799346A US 2684445 A US2684445 A US 2684445A
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- radiators
- radiator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/24—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave constituted by a dielectric or ferromagnetic rod or pipe
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
- H01Q3/245—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching in the focal plane of a focussing device
Definitions
- This invention relates to an antenna, and more particularly to a multiple dielectric rod, lobeswitching antenna.
- a lobe-switching antenna is sometimes used as the means for securing accurate angular data for radar systems.
- One conventional type of lobeswitching antenna comprises an array divided into several sections of radiators, each section being alternately excited by the transmitter output current.
- the separate sections are usually provided with different electrical or physical characteristics, in the well known manner, to produce a displacement of the radiation pattern off the axis of the array.
- Such an arrangement is usually quite bulkly physically and is mechanically relatively complex.
- an antenna which combines lobe-switching functions with desirable aerodynamic features is necessary.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective View of an embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a view of a desirable type of excitation probe which can be used to excite the antenna shown in Fig. 1.
- a first dielectric rod radiator it comprising a slab of dielectric material, such as polystyrene, and having a rectangular cross section, is disposed Within the upper channel (as viewed in Fig. 1) of a metallic structure it having an H-shaped cross section formed by a central reflecting web 9 and integral supporting side pieces 7 and s.
- a second dielectric rod radiator i2 is disposed within the lower open channel of structure I l, opposite radiator H).
- a rectangular metal box 13 having one side open is fastened over one end of the above described assembly, with the central web 9 and the dielectric material of radiators l0 and I2 extending within box 13 through its open side.
- the inner conductor of a coaxial line It is extended a predetermined distance within box 53, midway between the side walls of rod radiator Ill and at a predetermined distance from the enclosed side of box l3 opposite the open side, to form an exciting probe 5.
- the vector direction of the electric component of the electromagnetic field produced within box 13 and radiator it ⁇ is thus perpendicular to the central web ii of the H-shaped structure I I when probe 55 is energized by an external source of electromagnetic energy (not shown) coupled to coaxial line id.
- a second coaxial line it and probe ll similar to line It and probe it, provide means for excit ing the second dielectric radiator i 2.
- Dielectric radiators l6 and i2 and metal web 9 re tapered longitudinally by a reduction in the wide dimension of the cross section to provide a satisfactory radiation pattern, a well-known technique in the design of dielectric rod radiators.
- the narrow dimensions can be tapered as desired to conform to the shape of an airfoil; however, this dimension is shown as uniform in Fig. 1.
- the radiation pattern of either radiator when it is energized is deflected in such a way that the direction of maximum intensity in the electric plane is displaced away from the longitudinal axis of the radiators and in a direction away from the opposite radiator.
- Alternate excitation of radiators ill and I2 by means of a suitable switching arrangement provides a lobe-switching antenna which can be used to secure accurate angular data or other information readily apparent to one skilled in the art.
- a suitable switching arrangement not shown
- Prior art has established the speci fications for suitable radiation pattern beam Widths and beam deflections for such applications. Particularly satisfactory results are secured when the radiation pattern beam widths, measured between those directions at which the intensity of radiated energy is one-half the pear; intensity, are 25 degrees and the deflection of the peak intensity 01f the axis of the radiators in one plane is 9 degrees.
- Fig. 2 shows a desirable means for providing excitation for the above described antenna, par
- Dielectric rod radiators iii and i2 are disposed within the open channels of an H-shaped structure comprising side pieces I and 8 and a central web 9.
- a rectangular metal box 53 is provided, as before, to enclose the excitation means.
- the inner conductor 2'. or" a coaxial transmission line it extends within box :3 a predetermined distance, being positioned centrally and parallel to the longitudinal axis or" radiator it.
- a metallic exciting probe 22 is disposed perpendicularly to conductor 2!, substantially parallel to the narrow sides of radiator ill and at a predetermined distance from the enclosed side of box is opposite the open side. The open end of probe 22 need not make electrical contact with the inner wall of box it, although satisfactory operation will be secured if electrical contact is made.
- Inner conductor 2! is extended a predetermined distance into rod radiator Iii beyond the junction with proble 22 to provide an impedance matching stub.
- a lobe-switching antenna comprising, first and second dielectric rod radiators, a metallic structure having an H-shaped cross section formed by a central web and integral supporting side pieces, said radiators having rectangular cross sections and being disposed within the open channels of said H-shaped metallic structure, said radiators and said metallic structure being tapered together longitudinally, a rectangular metal box having an open side, said central web and said first and second radiators extending within said box through said open side, and means for exciting within said box and separately within said first and second radiators electromagnetic fields, the vector direction of the electric component of said electromagnetic fields being perpendicular to said central reflecting web.
- said exciting means comprises, first and second coaxial transmission lines, said coaxial lines being fastoned to opposite sides of said box, the inner condoctor of said first coaxial line extending a predetermined distance through an opening in said box and through one wide wall of said first radiator forming a first exciting probe, the inner conductor of said second coaxial line extending a predetermined distance through another opening in said box and through one wide wall of said second radiator forming a second exciting probe, said first and second exciting probes being positioned midway between the narrow side walls of said radiators and at a predetermined distance from the enclosed side of said box opposite said open side.
- said exciting means comprises, first and second coaxial transmission lines, said coaxial lines being fastened to the enclosed side of said box opposite said open side, the inner conductor of said first coaxial line extending through a first opening in said enclosed side and extending centrally within said first radiator parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof, a first exciting probe of predetermined length fastened perpendicularly to said inner conductor of said first coaxial line and parallel to the narrow walls of said first radiator, said inner conductor extending a predetermined distance within said first radiator beyond the junction with said first exciting probe to form a first impedance matching stub, the inner conductor of said second coaxial line extending through a second opening in said enclosed side and extending centrally within said second radiator parallel to the lon itudinal axis thereof, and a second exciting probe of predetermined length fastened perpendicularly to said conductor of said second coaxial line and parallel to the narrow walls of said second radiator, said last mentioned inner conductor extending a predetermined distance within said second
- a lobe-switching antenna comprising, in combination, a conductive reflecting member, first and second dielectric radiators disposed on and in lateral contact with the opposite sides of said member, and means associated with said radiators for separately exciting electromagnetic fields within said first and said second radiators.
- a lobe-switching antenna comprising, a metallic structure of H-shaped cross-section, first and second rectangular dielectric rod radiators disposed within the open channels of said H- shaped structure, an adapting member enclosing one end of said metallic structure and said radiators, and separate exciting means connected to each of said radiators through said adapting member.
- a lobe-switching antenna comprising, a conductive central member, a plurality of dielectric radiators arrayed about said central member and in lateral contact therewith, and means associated with said radiators for separately energizing said radiators.
- a lobe-switching antenna comprising, a tapered metallic structure of H-shaped cross section, first and second tapered dielectric radiators of rectangular cross section disposed in and conforming to the channels of said Hmhaped metallic structure, and means associated with said radiators for separately energizing said radiators.
- a lobe-switching antenna comprising, a tapered metallic structure of H -shaped cross section, first and second tapered dielectri radiators of rectangular cross section disposed in and conforming to the channels of said l-l-shaped metallic structure, an adapting member of rectangular cross section enclosing the large end of said tapered dielectric radiators, a portion of said central member being arranged to divide said adapting member into separate compartments, one of said compartments communicating with each of said dielectric radiators, and a probe extending 5 into each of said compartments for separately energizing said radiators.
- a lobe-switching antenna comprising, a conductive reflecting member, first and second dielectric radiators substantially coextensive with said member and disposed on opposite sides of said member, and means associated with said radiators for separately exciting said radiators.
- a lobe-switching antenna comprising, a
- a lobe-switching antenna comprising, a metallic member of H-shaped cross-section, and separate dielectric radiators disposed within the open channels of said metallic members.
Description
y 20, 1954 J. E. EATON LOBE SWITCHING ANTENNA Filed March 29, 1946 INVEN TOR JAMES E. EATON ATTORNEY Patented July 20, 1954 LOBE SWITCHING ANTENNA James E. Eaton, Cambridge, Mass, assignor, by mesne assignments, to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy Application March 29, 1946, Serial No. 657,993
12 Claims. 1
This invention relates to an antenna, and more particularly to a multiple dielectric rod, lobeswitching antenna.
A lobe-switching antenna is sometimes used as the means for securing accurate angular data for radar systems. One conventional type of lobeswitching antenna comprises an array divided into several sections of radiators, each section being alternately excited by the transmitter output current. The separate sections are usually provided with different electrical or physical characteristics, in the well known manner, to produce a displacement of the radiation pattern off the axis of the array. Although satisfactory for some applications, such an arrangement is usually quite bulkly physically and is mechanically relatively complex. For some applications, such as airborne installations, an antenna which combines lobe-switching functions with desirable aerodynamic features is necessary.
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide a lobe-switching antenna.
It is another object of this invention to provide a lobe-switching antenna having desirable aerodynamic features such that its physical configuration can be designed to conform approximately to a plane airfoil.
These and other objects will be more apparent upon consideration of the following description, together with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a perspective View of an embodiment of the invention; and
Fig. 2 is a view of a desirable type of excitation probe which can be used to excite the antenna shown in Fig. 1.
Referring to Fig. 1, a first dielectric rod radiator it comprising a slab of dielectric material, such as polystyrene, and having a rectangular cross section, is disposed Within the upper channel (as viewed in Fig. 1) of a metallic structure it having an H-shaped cross section formed by a central reflecting web 9 and integral supporting side pieces 7 and s. A second dielectric rod radiator i2 is disposed within the lower open channel of structure I l, opposite radiator H).
A rectangular metal box 13 having one side open is fastened over one end of the above described assembly, with the central web 9 and the dielectric material of radiators l0 and I2 extending within box 13 through its open side. The inner conductor of a coaxial line It is extended a predetermined distance within box 53, midway between the side walls of rod radiator Ill and at a predetermined distance from the enclosed side of box l3 opposite the open side, to form an exciting probe 5. The vector direction of the electric component of the electromagnetic field produced within box 13 and radiator it} is thus perpendicular to the central web ii of the H-shaped structure I I when probe 55 is energized by an external source of electromagnetic energy (not shown) coupled to coaxial line id.
A second coaxial line it and probe ll, similar to line It and probe it, provide means for excit ing the second dielectric radiator i 2.
Dielectric radiators l6 and i2 and metal web 9 re tapered longitudinally by a reduction in the wide dimension of the cross section to provide a satisfactory radiation pattern, a well-known technique in the design of dielectric rod radiators. The narrow dimensions can be tapered as desired to conform to the shape of an airfoil; however, this dimension is shown as uniform in Fig. 1.
Due to the presence of the central web 9 of the H--shaped structure I l adjacent to radiators H! and [2, the radiation pattern of either radiator when it is energized is deflected in such a way that the direction of maximum intensity in the electric plane is displaced away from the longitudinal axis of the radiators and in a direction away from the opposite radiator.
Alternate excitation of radiators ill and I2 by means of a suitable switching arrangement (not shown) provides a lobe-switching antenna which can be used to secure accurate angular data or other information readily apparent to one skilled in the art. Prior art has established the speci fications for suitable radiation pattern beam Widths and beam deflections for such applications. Particularly satisfactory results are secured when the radiation pattern beam widths, measured between those directions at which the intensity of radiated energy is one-half the pear; intensity, are 25 degrees and the deflection of the peak intensity 01f the axis of the radiators in one plane is 9 degrees.
Fig. 2 shows a desirable means for providing excitation for the above described antenna, par
ticularly for those installations in which the physical restrictions require the entrance of the coaxial transmission lines at the end or" the antenna rather than the top and bottom.
Dielectric rod radiators iii and i2 are disposed within the open channels of an H-shaped structure comprising side pieces I and 8 and a central web 9. A rectangular metal box 53 is provided, as before, to enclose the excitation means.
The inner conductor 2'. or" a coaxial transmission line it extends within box :3 a predetermined distance, being positioned centrally and parallel to the longitudinal axis or" radiator it. A metallic exciting probe 22 is disposed perpendicularly to conductor 2!, substantially parallel to the narrow sides of radiator ill and at a predetermined distance from the enclosed side of box is opposite the open side. The open end of probe 22 need not make electrical contact with the inner wall of box it, although satisfactory operation will be secured if electrical contact is made. Inner conductor 2! is extended a predetermined distance into rod radiator Iii beyond the junction with proble 22 to provide an impedance matching stub.
The vector direction of the electric component of the electromagnetic field excited within box l3 and radiator ill, when a source of electromagnetic energy (not shown) is connected to and energizes coaxial line 2%, is parallel to the narrow side walls or" radiator iii. A similar excitation assembly is provided, as shown in Fig. 2 below the above described assembly, for the purpose of providing excitation for radiator it.
Since certain changes may be made in the above described apparatus, and difierent embodiments of the invention could be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
What is claimed is:
l. A lobe-switching antenna comprising, first and second dielectric rod radiators, a metallic structure having an H-shaped cross section formed by a central web and integral supporting side pieces, said radiators having rectangular cross sections and being disposed within the open channels of said H-shaped metallic structure, said radiators and said metallic structure being tapered together longitudinally, a rectangular metal box having an open side, said central web and said first and second radiators extending within said box through said open side, and means for exciting within said box and separately within said first and second radiators electromagnetic fields, the vector direction of the electric component of said electromagnetic fields being perpendicular to said central reflecting web.
2. Apparatus as in claim 1 in whic said exciting means comprises, first and second coaxial transmission lines, said coaxial lines being fastoned to opposite sides of said box, the inner condoctor of said first coaxial line extending a predetermined distance through an opening in said box and through one wide wall of said first radiator forming a first exciting probe, the inner conductor of said second coaxial line extending a predetermined distance through another opening in said box and through one wide wall of said second radiator forming a second exciting probe, said first and second exciting probes being positioned midway between the narrow side walls of said radiators and at a predetermined distance from the enclosed side of said box opposite said open side.
3. Apparatus as in claim 1 in which said exciting means comprises, first and second coaxial transmission lines, said coaxial lines being fastened to the enclosed side of said box opposite said open side, the inner conductor of said first coaxial line extending through a first opening in said enclosed side and extending centrally within said first radiator parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof, a first exciting probe of predetermined length fastened perpendicularly to said inner conductor of said first coaxial line and parallel to the narrow walls of said first radiator, said inner conductor extending a predetermined distance within said first radiator beyond the junction with said first exciting probe to form a first impedance matching stub, the inner conductor of said second coaxial line extending through a second opening in said enclosed side and extending centrally within said second radiator parallel to the lon itudinal axis thereof, and a second exciting probe of predetermined length fastened perpendicularly to said conductor of said second coaxial line and parallel to the narrow walls of said second radiator, said last mentioned inner conductor extending a predetermined distance within said second radiator beyond the junction with said second exciting probe to form a second impedance matching stub, said first and second exciting probes being positioned a predetermined distance from said enclosed side.
4. A lobe-switching antenna comprising, in combination, a conductive reflecting member, first and second dielectric radiators disposed on and in lateral contact with the opposite sides of said member, and means associated with said radiators for separately exciting electromagnetic fields within said first and said second radiators.
5. A lobe-switching antenna comprising, a metallic structure of H-shaped cross-section, first and second rectangular dielectric rod radiators disposed within the open channels of said H- shaped structure, an adapting member enclosing one end of said metallic structure and said radiators, and separate exciting means connected to each of said radiators through said adapting member.
6. A lobe-switching antenna comprising, a conductive central member, a plurality of dielectric radiators arrayed about said central member and in lateral contact therewith, and means associated with said radiators for separately energizing said radiators.
'7. A lobe-switching antenna comprising, a tapered metallic structure of H-shaped cross section, first and second tapered dielectric radiators of rectangular cross section disposed in and conforming to the channels of said Hmhaped metallic structure, and means associated with said radiators for separately energizing said radiators.
S. A lobe-switching antenna comprising, a tapered metallic structure of H -shaped cross section, first and second tapered dielectri radiators of rectangular cross section disposed in and conforming to the channels of said l-l-shaped metallic structure, an adapting member of rectangular cross section enclosing the large end of said tapered dielectric radiators, a portion of said central member being arranged to divide said adapting member into separate compartments, one of said compartments communicating with each of said dielectric radiators, and a probe extending 5 into each of said compartments for separately energizing said radiators.
9. A lobe-switching antenna comprising, a conductive reflecting member, first and second dielectric radiators substantially coextensive with said member and disposed on opposite sides of said member, and means associated with said radiators for separately exciting said radiators.
10. A lobe-switching antenna comprising, a
metallic member of H-shaped cross-section, and 10 individual dielectric means disposed within the open channels of said metallic member and constituting independent Wave energy radiators.
11. Apparatus as in claim 10 wherein the dielectric means have a rectangular cross-section. 15
12. A lobe-switching antenna comprising, a metallic member of H-shaped cross-section, and separate dielectric radiators disposed within the open channels of said metallic members.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,129,711 Southworth Sept. 13, 1938 2,216,708 Kolster Oct. 1, 1940 2,337,324 Granqvist Dec. 21, 1943 2,425,336 Mueller Aug. 12, 1947 2,460,401 Southworth Feb. 1, 1949 2,473,446 Riblet June 14, 1949
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US657993A US2684445A (en) | 1946-03-29 | 1946-03-29 | Lobe switching antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US657993A US2684445A (en) | 1946-03-29 | 1946-03-29 | Lobe switching antenna |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2684445A true US2684445A (en) | 1954-07-20 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US657993A Expired - Lifetime US2684445A (en) | 1946-03-29 | 1946-03-29 | Lobe switching antenna |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2684445A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2783467A (en) * | 1951-07-03 | 1957-02-26 | Csf | Ultra-short wave aerials |
| EP0059927A1 (en) * | 1981-03-07 | 1982-09-15 | ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH | Microwave receiving arrangement |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2129711A (en) * | 1933-03-16 | 1938-09-13 | American Telephone & Telegraph | Guided transmission of ultra high frequency waves |
| US2216708A (en) * | 1938-11-19 | 1940-10-01 | Frederick A Kolster | Directional radio system |
| US2337324A (en) * | 1941-01-13 | 1943-12-21 | Aga Baltic Ab | Directional radio beacon |
| US2425336A (en) * | 1942-12-17 | 1947-08-12 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Microwave directive antenna |
| US2460401A (en) * | 1941-11-28 | 1949-02-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Directive microwave radio antenna |
| US2473446A (en) * | 1945-11-06 | 1949-06-14 | Henry J Riblet | Antenna |
-
1946
- 1946-03-29 US US657993A patent/US2684445A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2129711A (en) * | 1933-03-16 | 1938-09-13 | American Telephone & Telegraph | Guided transmission of ultra high frequency waves |
| US2216708A (en) * | 1938-11-19 | 1940-10-01 | Frederick A Kolster | Directional radio system |
| US2337324A (en) * | 1941-01-13 | 1943-12-21 | Aga Baltic Ab | Directional radio beacon |
| US2460401A (en) * | 1941-11-28 | 1949-02-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Directive microwave radio antenna |
| US2425336A (en) * | 1942-12-17 | 1947-08-12 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Microwave directive antenna |
| US2473446A (en) * | 1945-11-06 | 1949-06-14 | Henry J Riblet | Antenna |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2783467A (en) * | 1951-07-03 | 1957-02-26 | Csf | Ultra-short wave aerials |
| EP0059927A1 (en) * | 1981-03-07 | 1982-09-15 | ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH | Microwave receiving arrangement |
| US4498061A (en) * | 1981-03-07 | 1985-02-05 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh | Microwave receiving device |
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