EP0330303A2 - Source d'antenne à rayonnement longitudinal - Google Patents

Source d'antenne à rayonnement longitudinal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0330303A2
EP0330303A2 EP89300460A EP89300460A EP0330303A2 EP 0330303 A2 EP0330303 A2 EP 0330303A2 EP 89300460 A EP89300460 A EP 89300460A EP 89300460 A EP89300460 A EP 89300460A EP 0330303 A2 EP0330303 A2 EP 0330303A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
aerial
array
fire
broadside
dielectric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89300460A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0330303A3 (fr
Inventor
Richard William Burton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EMI Group Ltd
Original Assignee
Thorn EMI PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thorn EMI PLC filed Critical Thorn EMI PLC
Publication of EP0330303A2 publication Critical patent/EP0330303A2/fr
Publication of EP0330303A3 publication Critical patent/EP0330303A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/24—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave constituted by a dielectric or ferromagnetic rod or pipe

Definitions

  • This invention relates to aerials and in particular to aerials for use in the microwave/millimeter region.
  • the main requirements of an efficient aerial are that it is highly directional and has good radiation pattern characteristics over a broad bandwidth.
  • a well known type of aerial is the conventional horn aerial.
  • Such an aerial is typically pyramidal in shape and formed from aluminium, with a waveguide attached to the apex of the pyramid.
  • These aerials typically have a gain of around 20dB along their preferred reception direction i.e. along their main axis.
  • Such aerials suffer from a severe disadvantage, namely that uncontrolled currents scatter at the horn edges and flow back along the walls. The effects of these currents can be seen by studying the E-plane pattern for such an aerial. This pattern reveals the presence of high side lobes of more than 10dB on either side of the main lobe which has a 20dB gain and which represents the preferred reception direction.
  • the radiation pattern in the E-plane has side lobes of less than 10dB below the main lobe, whereas 25 to 30dB is desirable. This has the obvious effect of reducing the aerial's directivity.
  • the substantial weight of conventional aluminium horn aerials is also a disadvantage in many applications.
  • Dish aerials are another well-known type of aerial, being highly directional and very efficient, but unfortunately expensive to manufacture and comparatively large and cumbersome.
  • an end-fire aerial comprising a broadside aerial array and an elongate member of dielectric material extending outwards from the broadside aerial array in a direction perpendicular to the array, the dimensions and dielectric constant of the elongate member being such that the elongate member constitutes an end-fire array.
  • the dielectric material is preferably dielectric foam material.
  • the broadside aerial array comprises a horn antenna.
  • the broadside aerial array comprises a flat plate array.
  • the dielectric material is foamed polyethylene.
  • a conventional horn aerial is shown generally at 1 in Figure 1. It is typically formed from aluminium and has a waveguide 2 attached to its apex. Radiation extends mainly along the axis of the aerial with its E-field component in the direction shown. Such an aerial is often referred to as a broadside aerial since its end can be considered as equivalent to a parallel array of dipole sources substantially in-phase, with radiation extending mainly perpendicular to the array - a 'broadside' array.
  • the gain of such an aerial i.e. the amount of energy extracted from the field due to radiation travelling along the main axis is similarly referred to as "broadside" gain, the higher the gain of an aerial the greater its directivity.
  • Figure 1(b) shows an E-plane radiation pattern for such an aerial.
  • the pattern should follow the dotted line 3 i.e. there should be only one lobe, representing the fact that the aerial is receptive only to radiation travelling primarily in the direction of the aerial's main axis.
  • the presence of side lobes is due to uncontrolled currents scattering at the horn edges and flowing back along the walls, this also causing back radiation, represented by the line 5 on Figure 1(b).
  • the aerial shown on Figure 1(a) is also relatively heavy, since it is formed from aluminium, and this substantial weight is a disadvantage in many applications.
  • the aerial of the present invention shown generally at 6 in Figure 2 overcomes the above mentioned difficulties. It comprises a horn 7 with a waveguide 8 and block of foamed plastic material 9.
  • the foam block measures (externally of the horn 7) 570 mm x 120 mm x 105 mm; the horn mouth 95 mm and 119 mm, the horn edge 145 mm and the waveguide has internal measurements 22.86mm x 10.16mm i.e. WG 16.
  • the foam block is made from polyethylene which has a relative dielectric constant of 1.03, but polystyrene or any other dielectric with a suitable dielectric constant could equally well be used.
  • Aerial 6 is produced by moulding foam material to the shape of block 9, and horn 7 then coating the horn end of the moulded foam with metal by any appropriate method.
  • the waveguide 8 is of a conventional construction.
  • Figure 3 shows the E-plane radiation pattern typical of an aerial shown in Figure 2.
  • the graph is a plot of relative power (linear) against angle (deg) on linear graph paper, so the 'peaks' on this graph can be compared to the 'lobes' on the graph of Figure 1(b).
  • the measurements were made at 12.5 GHz over a 15% bandwidth and the gain of the aerial was calculated as being 26.3 dB, which is considerably higher than the 20dB gain obtained from the horn aerial alone.
  • a study of E-plane beam pattern of Figure 3 shows that side peaks (comparable to side lobes on circular paper) are very low.
  • the aerial 6 has a much higher directivity than a conventional horn aerial, because it has a higher gain and because by its construction it has substantially eliminated the presence of side lobes in its E-plane radiation pattern.
  • this effective aperture 15 is larger than the aperture 10 of the horn 7 alone and since the gain of the aerial is known to be proportional to its aperture, the gain of the aerial shown in Figures 2 and 4 is greater than that of a horn aerial alone.
  • Figure 5 is a graph of the expected field intensity at the end of the aerial of the invention, obtained from a computer field modelling programme. This shows how the effective aperture is increased by inclusion of the foamed section 9, the sinusoidal field distribution being extended become more uniform and more efficient.
  • the gain of the aerial is dependent on both cross-sectional area and length and hence a constant gain can be obtained from a variety of different length/area combinations; this enables dimensions to be optimised to suit a particular application or to minimise visual impact.
  • the gain of the aerial can be altered by varying the dimension of the dielectric material along the length of the aerial or by varying the dielectric constant of the material along the length or across the width of the aerial. Foamed plastic materials are ideal in this respect since their dielectric constants will be proportional to their densities and this can easily be varied during production to achieve the desired-effects.
  • Variants to the horn shown in Figure 2 can be produced.
  • a conical version of such an aerial is shown in Figure 6.
  • the horn can be corrugated to improve efficiency still further.
  • Figure 7 shows a third example of an aerial according to the invention.
  • the dielectric part 20 of the aerial 21 is fed by a broadside aerial in the form of a flat-plate antenna array 22, and this aerial is highly directional.
  • the present invention provides an aerial which is not only light-weight and cheap to manufacture, but is also more efficient than prior art aerials, possessing much greater directivity and exhibiting much better radiation field patterns.
  • the aerials described herebefore by way of example include a self-supporting block of dielectric foam material, in some cases it may be advantageous to include a central metallic support through the block. It also may be advantageous to coat the block with a thin protective dielectric skin. It has been found that the provision of such a support or skin does not significantly effect the performance of the aerial.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
EP19890300460 1988-02-24 1989-01-18 Source d'antenne à rayonnement longitudinal Withdrawn EP0330303A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8804242 1988-02-24
GB888804242A GB8804242D0 (en) 1988-02-24 1988-02-24 Improvements relating to aerials

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0330303A2 true EP0330303A2 (fr) 1989-08-30
EP0330303A3 EP0330303A3 (fr) 1991-05-08

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890300460 Withdrawn EP0330303A3 (fr) 1988-02-24 1989-01-18 Source d'antenne à rayonnement longitudinal

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0330303A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01316008A (fr)
GB (1) GB8804242D0 (fr)

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WO1994011921A1 (fr) * 1992-11-13 1994-05-26 D-Mac International Limited Antenne
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EP0330303A3 (fr) 1991-05-08
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