US2418492A - Manufacture of tapered filaments - Google Patents

Manufacture of tapered filaments Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2418492A
US2418492A US485024A US48502443A US2418492A US 2418492 A US2418492 A US 2418492A US 485024 A US485024 A US 485024A US 48502443 A US48502443 A US 48502443A US 2418492 A US2418492 A US 2418492A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
filament
rate
tapered
withdrawal
inches
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US485024A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alfthan Johannes
Reuben T Fields
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE463408D priority Critical patent/BE463408A/xx
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority to US485024A priority patent/US2418492A/en
Priority to GB7969/44A priority patent/GB578238A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2418492A publication Critical patent/US2418492A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06—Receivers
    • H04B1/08—Constructional details, e.g. cabinet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/20—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with varying denier along their length

Definitions

  • This invention relates-to synthetic filaments having uniformly recurring tapered units. More particularly, it relates to filaments composed of synthetic linear polyamides capable of being colddrawn, which have uniformly recurring tapered units disposed lengthwise therein. Still more particularly, it relates to a method of producing filaments with uniformly recurring symmetrical tapered units in lengths suitable for the manufacture of tapered bristles.
  • tapered filaments have considerable utility in the art and there is a constant demand for them in the trade, especially those of bristle lengths.
  • the only source of tapered bristles has been from hogs.
  • the supply of such bristles is uncertain, at best. Since the coarseness, length, and taper of hog bristles are variable, it is necessary that this natural product be laboriously sorted into grades and length. Because of the more uniform size, shape, and form of tapered synthetic polymer bristles, they have replaced the natural bristles for many brush purposes.
  • improved filaments of uniform shape, size, and properties having uniformly recurring symmetrically tapered portions may be produced by extruding organic filamentforming material in molten condition and at a constant volume rate through a spinneret across a gap into a cooling bath whereby it becomes solidified to constitute a filament, and directly withdrawing said filament from its zone of origin according to a schedule of repetitive linear rates which includes in sequence a period of acceleration from a minimum to a maximum rate, a period of deceleration to the minimum, which latter period is substantially longer than the period of acceleration, and a period of uniform withdrawal at the minimum rate.
  • the invention may be conveniently carried out by equipment which comprises a vertical spinneret facing downward, means (e. g., a screw pump) for extruding filament-forming material in molten condition at a constant volume rate through said spinneret, a cooling bath of inert liquid (conveniently water) located below the face of said spinneret in close proximity to, but not in contact with, said face, separated therefrom by an air gap, means (such as a pair of pinch rolls) for withdrawing filament from said bath under a tension transmitted to the zone of origin of said filament, and means of effecting the withdrawal of filament in accordance with a schedule of rates, as specified above.
  • a vertical spinneret facing downward
  • means e. g., a screw pump
  • inert liquid advantageously water
  • the distance between the face of the spinneret and the free surface of the cooling bath i. e., the width of the air gap, is preferably between one-eighth and three-eighths inch, and generally not in excess of one inch.
  • the temperature of the cooling bath should be materially below the solidification temperature of th filament-forming material. It may conveniently be between 15 and 25 C., but substantially higher temperatures than 25 C. are useful.
  • the filament is withdrawn from its point of origin by passage between a pair of pinch rolls, and the means provided for increasing and decreasing the rate of rotation of these pinch rolls to provide the periods of acceleration and deceleration, which comprises a planetary gear train, of. which the intermediate members, as a group, are rotated at constant rate,
  • the central member determines the rotation of the pinch rolls, and the annular member bears a radial arm which is raised and lowered by action of a cam.
  • Figure 1c is an elevation view of such apparatus with parts shown in section;
  • Figure 2 is a cross sectional View of a system of planetary gears for controlling the drawing of the spun filaments, taken along the line 2- 2, of Figure 3;
  • Figure 3 is a cross sectional view of the system taken along the lines 3-3 of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a longitudinal profile view of a unit length of four different tapered filaments which can be made with the apparatus;
  • Figure 5 is a similar view of a modified tapered filament unit
  • Figure 6 is a similar view'of a further modified tapered filament unit
  • Figure '7 is a similar view of a further modified tapered filament unit
  • Figure 8 is a similar view of a further modified tapered filament unit
  • Fig. 9 is a graph indicating the relationship between the rate of withdrawal of a filament from its point of origin and the diameter of the filament when a symmetrical schedule of acceleration and deceleratio-n'of withdrawal is employed.
  • Fig. 10 is a graph similar to that of Fig. 9 except that it shows the relationship when a schedule of acceleration and deceleration of withdrawal according to the present invention is employed.
  • the polymer is extruded in molten form through a spinncret at constant volume rate from a suitable equipment comprising a melting grid H into which the filament forming material is fed and from w ich the molten polymer is delivered into the casing of a screw pump I2 which delivers it to a spinneret 13.
  • the screw pump [2 is driven through a sprocket i l by means presently to be described.
  • the spinneret 53 I5 but in practice it is advantageous to spin a plurality of filaments instead of oniy one.
  • the molten material emerg' from the spinncrct i3 passes VE'ztiCZillY down card across an air gap into a bath 16 of water, or other inert liquid,
  • the vessel [1 which contains the bath IE can he provided wi h an. overflow pipe or other means for maintaining of the bath at a I t around an idler roll I8 is shown deliverin a single filament mounted within the bath i6 and thence upward out of the bath l8 between pinch rolls I9 and 20, of which 19 is driven, by means presently to be described.
  • the roll 28 is held against H! by e. g., weight or the tension of a spring or by other equivalent means, and may be geared to l9 if desired.
  • the rotation of these pinch rolls, I! counterclockwise and 20 clockwise in the drawing provides the pull upon the filament 15 which carries it away from the spinneret I3 and through the bath i5.
  • Roll 19 is mounted on shaft 2
  • the temperature and viscosity of the molten material in the screw pump 12 is made uniform and the screw pump !2 is driven at a steady rate so that the volume rate at which the molten material is extruded through. the spinneret I3 is uniform. If the angular velocity of the pinch rolls i9 and 2B is also made uniform, the filament produced will he of uniform diameter. The periodic tapering of the filament formed, however, is accomplished by reguiarly and uniformly varying the angular velocity of the pinch rolls i9, 20.
  • a shaft 22 coaxial with the shaftu 2i and rotating at a constant speed, a planetary gear train, of which only the housing 23 is shown in Figures 1p and 1e, but which is shown in detail in Figures 2 and 3, and means of imparting predesigned non-uniform angular motion to the annular member of the gear train.
  • of such size as to mesh with the three gears 21.
  • the housing of the train of gears is completed by the member 2317, which is fastened to the'housing member 23a.
  • the shaft 2% passes through the housing member 232) with minimum friction.
  • the rotational speed of the pinch roll l9 which is mounted upon the shaft 2
  • a small angular rotation of the latter can be made to produce a relatively large angular acceleration or deceleration of the former.
  • the lower end of the member 34 carries a roller 35 which bears upon the surface of the cam 33, and its contact therewith at all times is ensured by the tension of a spring 36 attached to an auxiliary lever 31, of which one end is pinned to the member 34 and the other to a stationary fulcrum 38.
  • a selection from among the available holes in the lever arm 32 results in a corresponding selection in the amplitude of the motion imparted to the lever arm 32 by rotation of the cam 33.
  • the various parts of th equipment are preferably driven from a single source of power, in
  • the source of power is a constant-speed motor 39, directly connected to a variable-speed reducing gear 4
  • the reducing gear 40 through its sprocket 4
  • the sprocket 44 of the variable-speed transmisthe speed of rotation of the cam 33 is the sprocket 44 of the variable-speed transmisthe speed of rotation of the cam 33.
  • sion 43 transmits power through a right angle drive 45 to the sprocket M on the shaft of the screw pump l2.
  • the sprocket 46 of the variablespeed transmission 43 drives the shaft 22 through the sprocket 41.
  • the sprocket 48 of the variablespeed transmission 43 drives a countershaft 49 which, through meshing gears 50 and 5
  • An adjusting wheel 53 on the variable-speed transmission 43 provides for making changes in the ratio of speed between the two shafts which carry, respectively, the sprockets 42 and 44 and the sprockets 46 and 48.
  • this adjusting wheel 53 is connected through a sprocket 54 on shaft 55 with a hand wheel 56, by which the necessary adjustments can readily be made.
  • An adjusting wheel 51 on the reducing gear 40 provides for making changes in the speed of the system as a whole.
  • a hand wheel 58 is provided for the operation of this adjusting wheel through a countershaft 59 and sprocket 60. At the start of a run, the system is operated at a low rate of speed until the filament is threaded and any adjustments are made, and then, by operation of the hand wheel 58, the system is speeded up without altering the relations between the speeds of individual parts.
  • free to move upward and downward, serves to maintain a light tension upon the filament beyond the pinch rolls I3, 20 and to convert the fluctuating linear speed of the filament leaving these rolls into a steady linear speed 'in its delivery to a windup reel (not shown) or to the next operation,
  • 2 may be jacketed, if desired, and similar in construction to that in U. S. P. 2,295,942.
  • the character of the tapered filament produced can be varied in three respects.
  • the amplitude of the oscillation of the lever arm 32 may be varied by attaching the member 34 to the arm 32 at different points along the length of the latter.
  • This afiords a means of control of the gradient ,of the taper,,and thus of the difference between the largest and smallest diameters of the filament, Without changing the distance between successive points of maximum (or of minimum) diameter (the unit length) and without changing the volume or weight of material contained in such a unit, and Without changing the general character of the taper.
  • a difference produced by this means is illustrated by the profilesections of unit lengths of filaments a and b in Figure 4. The change from section a to section b is accomplished by reducing the amplitude of the oscillation of the arm 32.
  • a change in the volume of material contained in a unit length of filament may be made by altering the ratio between the speed of sprockets 46, 48 and the speed of the sprocket 4. Such a change is illustrated by the difference between the longitudinal sections a and c in Figure 4, accomplished by decreasing the rate of takeofi without changing the rate at which the screw pump
  • a change in the unit length, without change in volume per unit length, is effected by altering This is accomplished very simplybysubstitutin for the gears 60 and 5
  • tapers of various kinds may be produced, including approximations of straight or wedge-shaped (Figure convex ( Figure 6), concave ( Figure 7), or desired combinations of these, or a filament ( Figure 8) in which tapered sections alternate with untapered.
  • point of maximum diameter is to be understood to be the point midway in the length of an untapered portion of maximum diameter.
  • Figures 4-8 all of the unit lengths are shown as having been cut at the respective points of maximum diameter.
  • An important feature of the invention is based upon the discovery that, although the magnitudes of the maximum and minimum diameters of'tne filament are, as ,expected, approximately inversely proportional to the square roots of the respective minimum and maximum linear rates of withdrawal of the filament from its point of origin, yet the slopes and lengths of the tapers between points or zones of maximum and minimum diameters do not match those which, on the basis of geometrical calculations, should theoretically be produced by a given schedule of acceleration and deceleration of the rate of withdrawal of the filament from its point of origin.
  • the deviation is a systematic one, in that the decrease in diameter of the filament proceeds at a rate less rapid than that calculated on a geometrical basis from the rate of the acceleration of withdrawal by which it is caused, and also continues for a longer time, while the subsequent increase in diameter of the filamentproceeds for, the most part at approximately the rate calculated on a geometrical basis from the rate of the deceleration of withdrawal by which it is caused, and thus is largely, although not altogether, completed within a period of time equal to, but not coinciding with, that occupied by the deceleration of Withdrawal.
  • the schedule 9A of acceleration and deceleration should theoretically produce a taper of profile represented by 93, with a straight line decrease of diameter between 0 and 2.5 inches along the filament, followed by a straight line increase between 2.5 and 5 inches, and this in turn followed by a span of no taper between 5 and 9 inches, at which point the cycle begins again.
  • a filament of the profile 9B would be symmetrical with respect to the point of minimum diameter (at 2.5 inches) and with respect to the midpoint of the untapered section (at 7 inches).
  • the filament actually produced has the profile indicated by 90, made up of a section of decreasing diameter from 0 to about 4.0 inches, a sectionof relatively abrupt increase in diameter from about 4.0 to about 6.0 inches, and a section of approximately uniform diameter from about 6.0 to 9 inches.
  • This filament is obviously not of symmetrical taper, and a unit length of it cannot be cut into two filaments of equal lengths and substantially matching tapers.
  • the total distance occupied by the downward and upward tapers of the actual filament 9C is about 6 inches as against the 5 inches which tual downward and upward tapering desired in the filament. This is illustrated by Figure 10.
  • This filament responds to the deceleration of rate or withdrawal, which has started at about 1.4 inches, and its diameter increases during the next 3.5 inches of its length, reaching substantially the maximum at about 7.0 inches and maintaining this maximum to the end of the cycle at 9.0 inches.
  • This filament lllC is substantially symmetrical in taper. From its point of minimum diameter (at 3.5 inches) to the midpoint of the untapeied section (at 8 inches) is 4.5 inches in either direction, and the downward and upward tapers match each other, approximately, in slope. I1" cut at 3.5 and 'be at least 20% greater, and preferably about 40% greater, than the period of acceleration. Theperiod varies with the taper ratio, length of unit, material, etc.
  • a period of constant rate of withdrawal must be included in the schedule of withdrawal even in the case of a filament which is to consist merely of an alternation of downward and upward tapers, with no untapered section.
  • a filament which is to consist merely of an alternation of downward and upward tapers, with no untapered section.
  • Such a filament would be made, for example, by following the scheduleJlIA up to the point (7 inches) at which the upward taper of the resulting filament is completed, and then at this point accelerating the withdrawal as at inch-
  • the result would be a filament of unit length 7 inches with no untapered section, but produced by a rate schedule which includes a period of constant rate of withdrawal.
  • the molten material is being extruded through the spinneret l3 at a constant volume rate and, if it were being extruded in the form of a solid capable of being inelastically stretched in acacross an air gap which delays the application of the effective cooling infiuence of the liquid bath, but also by the diameter of the filamentary mass, whether liquid or solidifying. This diameter, moreover, is deliberately being ,varied in order to produce taper.
  • the change in diameter of the filament fails to follow the geometrical expectation that it vary inversely as the square root of the linear rate of travel.
  • the width of the air gap between the face of the spinneret and the free surface of the cooling bath has an important effect on the spinning of tapered filaments. It should be quite small in extent. The provision of too great a gap results in the creation ofan excessive reservoir of liquid material in the newly spun filament with an excessive tendency to damp out the desired effects of predesigned variations in rate of withdrawal and thus to impair the desired control of the profile of the filament produced.
  • a gap of not more than one inch has been found to be practical. In general, a gap from A; to 3 8 inch gives the best result and is thus preferred.
  • the rate schedule first set up as the basis for the production of a filament of a given profile may be found to be inaccurate under the conditions of operation, and correspondingly it may be found necessary to make minor changes in the figure of the controlling cam.
  • the invention may be applied to any tapered filament which can be cold-drawn.
  • the preferred polymeric filaments are polyamides of the types described in U. S. Patents 2,071,250, 2,071,253, and 2,130,948. These polyamides are prepared from bifunctional polyamide-formingv reactantsand contain amide groups as an integral part of the main chain of atoms in the polymer. It is not essential that the linking group in the polymer chain consist solely of amide groups; they may also contain other groups, e. g., ester groups.
  • the polyamides are of two general types, those derived from diamines and suitable dicarboxylic acids or amide-forming derivatives of dibasic carboxylic acid, and those derived from polymerizable amino acids or amide-forming derivatives thereof, e. g. esters and lactams. n hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid the polyamides yield polyamid-forming reactants; polyamides of the diamine-dibasic acid type yield a diamine hydrochloride and a dibasic carboxylic acid, whereas those of the amino acid type yield an amino acid hydrochloride.
  • polydecamethylene adipamide polyhexamethylene sebacamide, polypentamethylene sebacamide, polyoctamethylene adipamide, 6-aminocaproic acid polymer, and 11 aminoundecanoic acid polymer.
  • Mixtures of polyamides and interpolyamides may also be used. Examples of such interpolyamides are .those derived from hexamethylenediamine, decamethylenediamine, adipic acid and sebacic acid, and from hexamethylenediamide, adipic acid, and G-aminocaproic acid.
  • esteramide interpolymers such as may be derived from a diamine, a dibasic acid, and a glycol or from an amino acid and an hydroxy acid.
  • esteramide interpolymers such as may be derived from a diamine, a dibasic acid, and a glycol or from an amino acid and an hydroxy acid.
  • preferred materials will include the superpolyamide hexamethylene sebacamide or hexamethylene adipamide alone or in admixture with to 30%. and especially about v of phenol-formaldehyde resin. Such materials are described in assignees application Serial No. 397,887.
  • polyamide as used in this application includes polymers containing a plurality of groups of structure H 0 JLLL regardless of the nature of the atom to which the indicated free linkages are attached.
  • the term includes polymers derived from a glycol and a diisocyanate or a diisothiocyanate.
  • the tapered filaments of this invention need not necessarily consist wholly of polyamide or modified polyamide. It is frequently desired to deluster and/or color the filaments by adding a pigment to the polymer or to the reactants from which the polymer is prepared. It is also useful in many cases to dye the filament, for example with nigrosine black, Sudan brown, etc. Thus, fishing lines or leaders may be made to resemble closely water of almost any color or turbidity by the proper choice of dyes or pigments. Bristles may also be made of any desired color and length. For paint. brushes 9. unit length of 4 to 18 inches is practical.
  • This invention has the advantage that the drawing of tapered filaments can be accomplished. in a manner which requires no close supervision.
  • a further advantage is that symmetrical tapered filaments of variable contour can be made on a commercial scale.
  • Another advantage resides in the fact that waste of filament material in cutting the tapered units is sub-stantially'eeliminated. The method and equipment give uniform results without a need of excessive or close attention. The character of the equipment or apparatus makes it easily and cheaply 12 adaptable to desired changes in the diameter, unit length, and profile.
  • a method of producing a filament having uniformly recurring symmetrically tapered portions which comprises extruding an organic filament-forming material in molten condition at a constant volume rate through a spinneret across an air gap into an inert liquid cooling bath spaced not more than one inch therefrom maintained at a temperature substantially below the temperature of solidification of said material and directly withdrawing the filament formed in accordance with a repetitive schedule of linear rates comprising a period of acceleration from minimum to maximum rate and a period of deceleration from said maximum and a period of uniform withdrawal at the minimum rate, the second period being at least 20% greater than the first.
  • a method of producing a filament having uniformly recurring symmetrically tapered portions which comprises extruding a molten filament-forming synthetic polyamide through a spinneret across an air gap into an aqueous liquid cooling bath spaced not more than one inch therefrom maintained at a temperature between 15 and 45 C., and directly withdrawing the filament formed in accordance with a repetitive schedule of linear rates comprising a period of acceleration from minimum to maximum rate and a period of deceleration from said maximum, and a. period of uniform withdrawal at the minimum rate the second period being at least 20% greater than the first.
  • a method of producing a filament having uniformly recurring symmetrically tapered portions which comprises extruding a molten filament-forming synthetic polyamide through a spinneret across an air gap into an aqueous liquid cooling bath spaced from A; to inch therefrom maintained at a temperature between 15 and 25 C., and directly withdrawing the filament formed in accordance with a repetitive schedule of linear rates comprising a period f acceleration from minimum to maximum rate and a period of deceleration from said maximum and a period of uniform withdrawal at the minimum rate, the second period being at least 20% greater than the first.
  • said apparatus including a spinneret, means for extruding molten filament-forming material through said spinneret, a cooling bath located below said spinneret, and a pair of pinch rolls 13 for withdrawing a formed filament from the bath under tension, one of said pair of pinch rolls being a driving member: means for periodically varying the speed of the driving member of said pair of pinch rolls, comprising a drive shaft, a yoke fixedly mounted on said drive shaft, a set of intermediate gears mounted on said yoke upon the circumference of a circle concentric with said drive shaft and individually free to rotate each upon its own axis with respect to said yoke, a shaft carrying the driving member of said pair of pinch rolls and axially aligned with said drive shaft, a central gear mounted on said shaft carrying said driving member, said central gear meshing with said intermediate gears, a peripheral annular gear with which said intermediate gears mesh, a lever attached to said annular gear
  • an apparatus for the production of filaments having uniformly recurring tapered units said apparatus including a spinneret, means for extruding molten filament-forming material through said spinneret, a cooling bath located below said spinneret, and a pair of pinch rolls for withdrawing a formed filament from the bath under tension, one of said pair of pinch rolls being a driving member: means for periodically varying the speed of the driving member of said pair of pinch rolls, comprising a drive shaft, a

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
US485024A 1943-04-29 1943-04-29 Manufacture of tapered filaments Expired - Lifetime US2418492A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE463408D BE463408A (ru) 1943-04-29
US485024A US2418492A (en) 1943-04-29 1943-04-29 Manufacture of tapered filaments
GB7969/44A GB578238A (en) 1943-04-29 1944-04-28 Improvements in or relating to the production of tapered artificial filaments

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US485024A US2418492A (en) 1943-04-29 1943-04-29 Manufacture of tapered filaments

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2418492A true US2418492A (en) 1947-04-08

Family

ID=23926629

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US485024A Expired - Lifetime US2418492A (en) 1943-04-29 1943-04-29 Manufacture of tapered filaments

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2418492A (ru)
BE (1) BE463408A (ru)
GB (1) GB578238A (ru)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2549179A (en) * 1941-07-01 1951-04-17 Deboutteville Marcel Delamare Device for the manufacture of artificial fibers
US2682144A (en) * 1947-03-18 1954-06-29 Deering Milliken Res Trust Control method and means
US2817221A (en) * 1953-09-18 1957-12-24 Hero Mfg Co Inc Knitting needle and methods of producing it
US3057040A (en) * 1959-06-18 1962-10-09 Du Pont Monofilaments
DE3035860A1 (de) * 1979-09-24 1981-04-02 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Co., Wilmington, Del. Borste
EP0030566A1 (en) * 1979-12-06 1981-06-24 Toray Industries, Inc. Pile fabric
USRE31133E (en) * 1961-02-25 1983-01-25 Thyssen Plastik Anger Kg Extrusion methods
US5032456A (en) * 1987-09-11 1991-07-16 Newell Operating Company Microcellular synthetic paintbrush bristles
US5786087A (en) * 1995-02-22 1998-07-28 Specialty Filaments, Inc. Honeycomb brush bristles and brush made therefrom
WO2000071788A1 (en) * 1999-05-25 2000-11-30 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Tapered brush bristles with clay or silica additive and brushes made therefrom
US20060084743A1 (en) * 2004-10-20 2006-04-20 Chen John C Composition comprising polymer and silicone rubber
EP1816242A1 (en) 2006-02-03 2007-08-08 W.R. GRACE & CO.-CONN. Bi-tapered reinforcing fibers

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108893794B (zh) * 2018-08-14 2020-02-18 安徽和邦纺织科技有限公司 一种复合纤维纺丝机的张紧调节装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2207866A (en) * 1938-07-13 1940-07-16 American Enka Corp Mechanism for use in the manufacture of artificial silk
US2292905A (en) * 1938-09-30 1942-08-11 Du Pont Artificial filament
US2293981A (en) * 1939-07-24 1942-08-25 American Enka Corp Manufacture of rayon yarn

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2207866A (en) * 1938-07-13 1940-07-16 American Enka Corp Mechanism for use in the manufacture of artificial silk
US2292905A (en) * 1938-09-30 1942-08-11 Du Pont Artificial filament
US2293981A (en) * 1939-07-24 1942-08-25 American Enka Corp Manufacture of rayon yarn

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2549179A (en) * 1941-07-01 1951-04-17 Deboutteville Marcel Delamare Device for the manufacture of artificial fibers
US2682144A (en) * 1947-03-18 1954-06-29 Deering Milliken Res Trust Control method and means
US2817221A (en) * 1953-09-18 1957-12-24 Hero Mfg Co Inc Knitting needle and methods of producing it
US3057040A (en) * 1959-06-18 1962-10-09 Du Pont Monofilaments
USRE31133E (en) * 1961-02-25 1983-01-25 Thyssen Plastik Anger Kg Extrusion methods
DE3035860A1 (de) * 1979-09-24 1981-04-02 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Co., Wilmington, Del. Borste
US4279053A (en) * 1979-09-24 1981-07-21 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Tri- or tetra-locular paint brush bristles
EP0030566A1 (en) * 1979-12-06 1981-06-24 Toray Industries, Inc. Pile fabric
US5032456A (en) * 1987-09-11 1991-07-16 Newell Operating Company Microcellular synthetic paintbrush bristles
US5786087A (en) * 1995-02-22 1998-07-28 Specialty Filaments, Inc. Honeycomb brush bristles and brush made therefrom
WO2000071788A1 (en) * 1999-05-25 2000-11-30 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Tapered brush bristles with clay or silica additive and brushes made therefrom
US6311359B1 (en) 1999-05-25 2001-11-06 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Tapered brush bristles with clay or silica additive and brushes made therefrom
US20060084743A1 (en) * 2004-10-20 2006-04-20 Chen John C Composition comprising polymer and silicone rubber
EP1816242A1 (en) 2006-02-03 2007-08-08 W.R. GRACE & CO.-CONN. Bi-tapered reinforcing fibers
US20070184265A1 (en) * 2006-02-03 2007-08-09 Anandakumar Ranganathan Bi-tapered reinforcing fibers
US7462392B2 (en) * 2006-02-03 2008-12-09 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Bi-tapered reinforcing fibers
US20090032991A1 (en) * 2006-02-03 2009-02-05 Anandakumar Ranganathan Process for Making Bi-Tapered Reinforcing Fibers
US7749352B2 (en) 2006-02-03 2010-07-06 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Process for making bi-tapered reinforcing fibers
AU2007222107B2 (en) * 2006-02-03 2010-09-16 Gcp Applied Technologies Inc. Bi-tapered reinforcing fibers
CN101415545B (zh) * 2006-02-03 2013-06-19 格雷斯公司 双锥形加强纤维

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE463408A (ru)
GB578238A (en) 1946-06-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2418492A (en) Manufacture of tapered filaments
US2671929A (en) Apparatus for producing filaments of uneven denier
US1898085A (en) Production of artificial filaments, yarns, or threads
US4842505A (en) Apparatus for producing fibrous structures electrostatically
US3193604A (en) Process and apparatus for producing ribbed sheeting
EP0168817B1 (en) Method and apparatus for providing centrifugal fibre spinning coupled with extrusion
US2975474A (en) Process and apparatus for preparing novelty yarns
US2746839A (en) Method of spinning shaped filaments of plastic materials
US2581922A (en) Apparatus for and method of forming filaments
US2292905A (en) Artificial filament
GB823013A (en) The production of artificial filamentary materials having irregularly distributed local enlargements in cross-section
US2385358A (en) Method of making fine fibers
ES272698A1 (es) Metodo y maquina para la fabricaciën de hilo de fibra artificial
US2730758A (en) Method and apparatus for the production of crimped filaments
US2423182A (en) Method of cold-drawing tapered filaments
US3484213A (en) Polymer handling and conveying apparatus
US2580918A (en) Process and apparatus for the production of artificial fibers
GB462073A (en) Improvements in and relating to the production of artificial fibrous products
JP2004537738A (ja) 半結晶ポリマー製光ファイバ製造装置
PL78973B1 (en) Machine for producing perforated sleeves[us3841815a]
US3763521A (en) Manufacture of non-woven materials
US2374744A (en) Apparatus and process for tapering artificial filaments
US3264384A (en) Process for producing a synthetic bast
US2955320A (en) Artificial fiber production
US2562760A (en) Production of novelty yarns, fabrics, and the like