US2396776A - Cleaning composition - Google Patents

Cleaning composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US2396776A
US2396776A US479594A US47959443A US2396776A US 2396776 A US2396776 A US 2396776A US 479594 A US479594 A US 479594A US 47959443 A US47959443 A US 47959443A US 2396776 A US2396776 A US 2396776A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
water
cleaning
solvents
grease
phosphoric acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US479594A
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English (en)
Inventor
Douty Alfred
Heller Ferdinand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel Corp
Original Assignee
Amchem Products Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE462836D priority Critical patent/BE462836A/xx
Application filed by Amchem Products Inc filed Critical Amchem Products Inc
Priority to US479594A priority patent/US2396776A/en
Priority to GB10602/43A priority patent/GB571976A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2396776A publication Critical patent/US2396776A/en
Priority to CH255108D priority patent/CH255108A/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
    • C23G5/06—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using emulsions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
    • C23G1/08—Iron or steel
    • C23G1/083—Iron or steel solutions containing H3PO4

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the art of cleaning metals, and is particularly concerned with the provision of an improved cleaning composition for this purpose. It is especially useful in the cleaning of ferrous metal surfaces, although not limited thereto.
  • wetting agents which have been used heretofore are sulfated oils such as "sulfonated castor oil, cottonseed oil, etc.; sulfonated hydrocarbons, e. g., alkylated naphthalene sulfonic acids; sulfated alcohols of six or more carbon atoms, of straight or branched chain; sulfonated esters as of succinic acid, etc.
  • sulfated oils such as "sulfonated castor oil, cottonseed oil, etc.
  • sulfonated hydrocarbons e. g., alkylated naphthalene sulfonic acids
  • sulfated alcohols of six or more carbon atoms, of straight or branched chain
  • succinic acid etc.
  • wetting agents also exhibit more or less emulsifying powers although other emulsifying agents have generally been employed in cleaning compositions of this general nature such, for example, as water soluble gums like gum arabic and gum tragacanth; gelatine or glue; molasses; soap bark extracts or purified saponins; and numerous others.
  • cleaning compositions which include solutions of phosphoric acid containing only the wetting and/or emulsifying agents are not capable of completely removing the greasy or oily matter together with the dirt from the surface of the metal, and that it is only where adequate quantities of the water miscible solvents are present that the compositions are capable of reasonably thoroughly removing the grease and the dirt.
  • the wetting agents per se seem to cause the solution to spread over the top 1' tha able to cause the solution to penetrate the grease and to spread over the metal therebeneath without the addition of the water miscible grease solvents mentioned above.
  • the principal objects of our invention are to provide a cleaner which will remove oxide, dirt and greasy or oily substances while at the same time putting the surface of the metal in the best possible condition for the reception of an organic protective or finish coating, such as paint, varnish, lacquer, japan and the like; to provide a metal cleaner of greatly improved grease, oil and dirt removing efficiency which does not require the relatively scarce and expensive water miscible solvents above discussed; to produce a relatively much more concentrated and more highly dilutable cleaning composition than has heretofore been possible with compositions known to the art wherein large volumes of water miscible solvents are included; to provide a cleaner which is exceptionally useful in removing heavy viscous greases from metal surfaces to which end we employ water immiscible solvents emulsified with phosphoric acid solutions; to produce a cleaner which can be applied by means of a spray without the troublesome foaming which, under spraying conditions, would otherwise be associated with the presence of the emulsifying agent; to provide a cleaning composition which
  • the acid solution thoroughly and evenly wets the surface of the metal and dissolves light oxideor rust therefrom. If the surface be now washed with water, it will be found to be completely grease free and will exhibit no "water break. The cleanliness of the surface obtained is remarkable and, in our experience, is superior to that obtainable with any previous cleaner of the phosphoric acid type. even when these previous types contain substantial amounts of oil solvent.
  • the amount of water used in diluting the above formula depends on the amount of rust or oxide to be removed from the surface, as well as on the kind and amount of grease present.
  • the diluted material maybe applied to the surface to be cleaned by brushing. sprayin flowing or by dipping the work into the sol tion. In most cases. removal of oil will be facilitated by gently rubb ng t e surface. as with a brush or r r y f r f l y appl ng the solution to the metal, as by spraying,
  • the surface is then washed with water. and dried by any convenient means. whe eupon it will be found to be very clean and ready for painting. etc.
  • verv clean steel surfaces such as are produced bv the action of our improved cleaners. rapidly acouire a film of oxide if allowed to stand wet with water. Ra id drying is. therefore. advisable after the cleaning operation.
  • oxide formed on the surface after cleaning with our novel cleaner is inert," i. c. it contains no rust-stimulative material and is thus innocuous under paint or the like.
  • the above concentrated material is violently stirred, passed through-a homogenizer, or otherwise brought to a uniform emulsion by ordinary known means.
  • the emulsified solvent in this material has the effect of diluting, and thus thinning out and makingv easier to remove any heavy grease on the surface of the work." Moreover, the strong foaming tendency of the solution is repressed by the solvent, thus preventing the solution from foaming out over the top of the spray collecting tank.
  • the diluted solutions of both Formulas No. 1 and No. 2 may be used either at room temperature or at elevated temperature. More rapid cleaning action is obtained, of course, at elevated temperatures which may be as high as the boiling point of the diluted phosphoric acid or of the solvent, whichever is the lower.
  • the amounts of phosphoric acid and emulsifying agent of the type described may be varied within wide limits without departing from the spirit of the invention. If the work to be cleaned is very rusty, or if considerable etching of thesurface is desirable, the phosphoric acid concentration is maintained high (up to 70% by volume of 75% phosphoric acid or even more, if desired, in the cleaner as diluted for use). If the work has little greasy or oily contamination the emulsifier concentration need not exceed 0.05% or even less.
  • phosphoric acid concentrations as low as 0.5% by volume of 75% HaPOi, or even less, may be sufficient. If the work is very greasy the cleaning solution may contain as high as 2% or even more of emulsifying agent, although more than 0.5% would rarely be required.
  • water-immiscible solvents like the Stoddard solvent above mentioned, a great variety of such is permissible.
  • the only limitation on the water-immiscible solvents which may be selected is that they must be good grease solvents, and that they must not be too volatile at the temperature at which the cleaner is to be used.
  • water-immiscible solvents which have been found useful are: hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, petroleum spirits of various boiling ranges, hydrogenated petroleum solvents, high-flash coal tar naphtha, decahydronaphthalene, pine oil, chlorinated hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethyiene, tetrachloroethane, etc.; and many others.
  • hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, petroleum spirits of various boiling ranges, hydrogenated petroleum solvents, high-flash coal tar naphtha, decahydronaphthalene, pine oil, chlorinated hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethyiene, tetrachloroethane, etc.; and many others.
  • the chlorinated solvents may be used where the fire hazard attendant upon the use of inflammable solvent is serious.
  • the amount of water-immiscible solvent, on the one hand, in relation to the phosphoric acid and the emulsifying agent, on the other hand, may vary over a, considerable range subject, of course, to the limitations imposed by the total quantity of the latter two which may be required for the particular work in hand.
  • the emulsifying agents which we have found useful in the present invention dissolve in water to produce foamy solutions of low surface tension and great emulsifying power for oily matter in water.
  • the compounds are not ionized in water and when used in cleaners of the type described are readily rinsed from metal surfaces together with the emulsified grease, suspended dirt, excess acid, reaction products of the acid and the metal, etc., leaving behind no deleterious or ruststimulative ions.
  • Such emulsifying agents are truly non-ionic, and we prefer to describe the useful species of agents of the class under discussion as water-soluble, non-ionic emulsifying agents of the class of polyethyleneglycols substituted in one terminal hydroxyl group with an alkyl-aryl radical.
  • similar compounds of low chain length such for example as alpha, alpha, gamma, gamma-tetramethylbutyl-phenoXy-ethanol are insoluble oils. They can be solubilized by introducing polar groups such as I-ISO: or H804 into their molecules, but such polar groups make the resulting compounds ionic in nature, 1. e. they yield charged ions when dissolved in water. Such ionic compounds are not suitable for this invention. Although they will wet and emulsify well, they may leave behind, on work cleaned with a solution containing them, traces of rust-stimulative anions. We thus wish to limit our to compounds of the class described which are nonionic and are appreciably water soluble, per se.
  • Suitable materials is available to the chemist. They may be prepared, in general, by treating the halides or halohydrins of the polyethylene-glycols with fatty acids, alcohols or phenols in the presence of alkali metal hydroxide or carbonates.
  • a solution for cleaning metal preparatory to painting including water, phosphoric acid, and tertiary alkylarylpolyglycol represented by the formula:
  • CmH2m+1 is a tertiary alkyl group and n equals at least 10.
  • composition of claim l which also includes emulsified substantially water-insoluble grease solvent.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US479594A 1943-03-18 1943-03-18 Cleaning composition Expired - Lifetime US2396776A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE462836D BE462836A (en)) 1943-03-18
US479594A US2396776A (en) 1943-03-18 1943-03-18 Cleaning composition
GB10602/43A GB571976A (en) 1943-03-18 1943-06-30 Improvements in cleaning composition for metal surfaces
CH255108D CH255108A (de) 1943-03-18 1947-06-21 Reinigungsmittel für Metalle.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US479594A US2396776A (en) 1943-03-18 1943-03-18 Cleaning composition

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2396776A true US2396776A (en) 1946-03-19

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US479594A Expired - Lifetime US2396776A (en) 1943-03-18 1943-03-18 Cleaning composition

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BE (1) BE462836A (en))
CH (1) CH255108A (en))
GB (1) GB571976A (en))

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2516685A (en) * 1944-04-19 1950-07-25 American Chem Paint Co Process of preparing iron and aluminum surfaces to receive organic coatings and solution therefor
US2524825A (en) * 1945-09-14 1950-10-10 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Metal cleaning composition
US2525078A (en) * 1947-10-08 1950-10-10 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Metal cleaning composition
US2672449A (en) * 1949-09-15 1954-03-16 Foster D Snell Inc Composition for cleaning metal
DE958495C (de) * 1949-01-25 1957-02-21 Otto Hoehn K G Putz- und Poliermittel
DE969303C (de) * 1950-03-31 1958-05-22 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Reinigung und zur Bildung von Phosphatschichten auf Oberflaechen aus Eisen oder Zink in einem Arbeitsgang
DE970025C (de) * 1951-03-16 1958-08-14 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Reinigung und zur Bildung von Phosphatschichten auf Oberflaechen aus Eisen oder Zink in einem Arbeitsgang
US2857298A (en) * 1957-09-16 1958-10-21 Chester W Smith Composition and method for cleaning and phosphating metal
US2860106A (en) * 1952-10-01 1958-11-11 Drew & Co Inc E F Urea-phosphoric acid cleaning composition
US2886477A (en) * 1957-09-16 1959-05-12 Chester W Smith Metal cleaning and phosphating composition
US2986482A (en) * 1959-07-04 1961-05-30 Canadian Ind Metal phosphating composition and process
US2987427A (en) * 1956-09-25 1961-06-06 Ici Ltd Metal coating baths
US3042554A (en) * 1959-12-29 1962-07-03 Melvin H Swann Process and composition for rustproofing ferrous stock
DE1145892B (de) * 1952-06-30 1963-03-21 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zum Reinigen von Metalloberflaechen und Emulsionsreiniger zu dessen Durchfuehrung
DE976955C (de) * 1952-03-20 1964-09-03 Henkel & Cie Gmbh Verfahren zur reinigenden Vorbereitung von Metalloberflaechen fuer die Erzeugung feinkristalliner Phosphatschichten
US3619347A (en) * 1969-03-13 1971-11-09 Salvox Mfg Co Recovery of wastepaper treated with urea or the like resins to impart wet strength
US4324678A (en) * 1979-11-23 1982-04-13 Howson Barry R Method of cleaning fibreglass
US4412932A (en) * 1979-11-23 1983-11-01 Howson Barry R Method of cleaning fibreglass
EP0126220A1 (de) * 1983-04-26 1984-11-28 Hüls Aktiengesellschaft Beizlösung zum Beizen von Metalloberflächen und deren Anwendung
EP1764426A1 (en) * 2005-09-15 2007-03-21 Delmet - Dissosidazione Elettronica Metalli S.r.l. Process, installation and acidic jelly solution for pickling of articles of metal material, in particular barrels for foodstuffs

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2629696A (en) * 1949-05-16 1953-02-24 Oakite Prod Inc Essentially non-aqueous acid emulsion cleaning composition
DE1278656B (de) * 1962-10-25 1968-09-26 Pennsalt Chemical Corp Reinigungsmittel fuer Befoerderungseinrichtungen
US4199624A (en) 1976-12-30 1980-04-22 Union Carbide Corporation Treatment of substrate prior to autodeposition

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2516685A (en) * 1944-04-19 1950-07-25 American Chem Paint Co Process of preparing iron and aluminum surfaces to receive organic coatings and solution therefor
US2524825A (en) * 1945-09-14 1950-10-10 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Metal cleaning composition
US2525078A (en) * 1947-10-08 1950-10-10 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Metal cleaning composition
DE958495C (de) * 1949-01-25 1957-02-21 Otto Hoehn K G Putz- und Poliermittel
US2672449A (en) * 1949-09-15 1954-03-16 Foster D Snell Inc Composition for cleaning metal
DE969303C (de) * 1950-03-31 1958-05-22 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Reinigung und zur Bildung von Phosphatschichten auf Oberflaechen aus Eisen oder Zink in einem Arbeitsgang
DE970025C (de) * 1951-03-16 1958-08-14 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Reinigung und zur Bildung von Phosphatschichten auf Oberflaechen aus Eisen oder Zink in einem Arbeitsgang
DE976955C (de) * 1952-03-20 1964-09-03 Henkel & Cie Gmbh Verfahren zur reinigenden Vorbereitung von Metalloberflaechen fuer die Erzeugung feinkristalliner Phosphatschichten
DE1145892B (de) * 1952-06-30 1963-03-21 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zum Reinigen von Metalloberflaechen und Emulsionsreiniger zu dessen Durchfuehrung
US2860106A (en) * 1952-10-01 1958-11-11 Drew & Co Inc E F Urea-phosphoric acid cleaning composition
US2987427A (en) * 1956-09-25 1961-06-06 Ici Ltd Metal coating baths
US2857298A (en) * 1957-09-16 1958-10-21 Chester W Smith Composition and method for cleaning and phosphating metal
US2886477A (en) * 1957-09-16 1959-05-12 Chester W Smith Metal cleaning and phosphating composition
US2986482A (en) * 1959-07-04 1961-05-30 Canadian Ind Metal phosphating composition and process
US3042554A (en) * 1959-12-29 1962-07-03 Melvin H Swann Process and composition for rustproofing ferrous stock
US3619347A (en) * 1969-03-13 1971-11-09 Salvox Mfg Co Recovery of wastepaper treated with urea or the like resins to impart wet strength
US4324678A (en) * 1979-11-23 1982-04-13 Howson Barry R Method of cleaning fibreglass
US4412932A (en) * 1979-11-23 1983-11-01 Howson Barry R Method of cleaning fibreglass
EP0126220A1 (de) * 1983-04-26 1984-11-28 Hüls Aktiengesellschaft Beizlösung zum Beizen von Metalloberflächen und deren Anwendung
EP1764426A1 (en) * 2005-09-15 2007-03-21 Delmet - Dissosidazione Elettronica Metalli S.r.l. Process, installation and acidic jelly solution for pickling of articles of metal material, in particular barrels for foodstuffs

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB571976A (en) 1945-09-18
BE462836A (en))
CH255108A (de) 1948-06-15

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